1. What is the river chief system?
The river chief system is an institutional innovation that adheres to the problem-oriented approach and implements the main responsibility of local party and government leaders for the management and protection of rivers and lakes in accordance with the current laws and regulations. The river chief system takes water resources protection, water shoreline management, water pollution prevention and control, and water environment governance as its main tasks, and provides institutional guarantee for maintaining the healthy life of rivers and lakes and realizing the sustainable use of river and lake functions by building a river and lake management and protection mechanism with clear responsibilities, coordinated and orderly, strict supervision and strong protection.
2. What is the origin of the river chief system?
In 2007, a large-scale outbreak of cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake triggered a water crisis in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. The local government recognises that the problem of the water crisis is manifested in the water, and the root cause is on the shore. To solve these problems, it is necessary to coordinate the ashore, upstream and downstream, left and right shores on the water, and more importantly, the party and government leadership, departmental linkage, and social participation. In August 2007, Wuxi took the lead in implementing the river chief system under the responsibility of the local administrative head, implementing the main responsibility, strengthening the control of pollution sources, and achieving remarkable results in the prevention and control of water pollution, and significantly improving the water quality of Taihu Lake. Wuxi's practice has received widespread attention, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places have successively explored the implementation of the river chief system in combination with the actual conditions of various places, and have continuously enriched and improved the connotation of the river chief system.
3. What experience has been accumulated in the local practice of the river chief system?
The first is to strengthen the design of the item layer. The party committees or governments of eight provinces (municipalities), including Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Hainan, have issued documents to make overall institutional arrangements for the implementation of the river chief system, and to implement the river chief system within the province (city). The second is to insist on leadership in command. In local practice, the model of having responsible party and government comrades at all levels serve as river chiefs and promote the management and protection of rivers and lakes at high positions has been implemented, for example, the secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee and the governor of Jiangxi Province serve as the chief and deputy chief of the province's rivers respectively. The third is to strengthen the linkage of departments. Under the organization and leadership of the river chief, relevant departments such as water conservancy, land, environmental protection, and public security perform their duties and coordinate and cooperate. Fourth, promote comprehensive law enforcement. Integrate the law enforcement resources of various departments, deepen joint law enforcement by departments, and severely crack down on illegal activities related to rivers and lakes. Fifth, strict inspection and assessment. All localities will include the protection of rivers and lakes in the government's target responsibility system, and implement the river chief system for performance appraisal and accountability. Sixth, guide public participation. Actively guide public participation by publishing the list of river chiefs, supervising telephone numbers, and hiring social supervisors.
4. What is the background of the full implementation of the river chief system?
Rivers and lakes are an important part of the ecosystem and territorial space, and have important resource functions, ecological functions and economic functions. In recent years, some areas have adhered to the problem-oriented approach, actively explored and promoted the river chief system, effectively implemented the main responsibility of local party committees and governments for the management and protection of rivers and lakes, and coordinated and cooperated with various departments to form a joint force, which effectively promoted the management and protection of rivers and lakes. As of the beginning of 2016, 8 provinces (municipalities), including Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Hainan, have issued documents to implement the river chief system within the whole province (municipality), and some cities, counties or river basin water systems in 1 6 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) have implemented the river chief system. With the deepening of exploration in various places, the time is ripe for the full implementation of the river chief system. On the basis of summarizing local practical experience, on January 28, 2016, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued <关于全面推行河长制的意见>(Ting Zi (2016) No. 42) (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") to fully implement the river chief system nationwide.
5. What is the significance of the full implementation of the river chief system?
The management and protection of rivers and lakes is a very complex system project, and the comprehensive implementation of the "river chief system" at this stage is of great practical significance. First, the implementation of the "river chief system" is an inherent requirement for implementing the concept of green development and promoting the construction of ecological civilization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and we must protect the ecological environment like protecting our eyes and treating the ecological environment like life. <Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization" put the protection of rivers and lakes in an important position, and clearly stated that party committees and governments at all levels should bear overall responsibility for the construction of ecological civilization in their regions. To adhere to the concept of green development, we must integrate the management and protection of rivers and lakes into the important content of ecological civilization construction, vigorously promote the "river chief system", effectively strengthen the responsibility of party committees and governments and relevant departments to protect rivers and lakes, and promote sustainable economic and social development. Second, the implementation of the "river chief system" is an effective measure to solve the complex water problems of the mainland and maintain the health and life of rivers and lakes. In recent years, illegal encroachment on rivers, reclamation of lakes, indiscriminate mining and excavation, and excessive sewage discharge have occurred from time to time in some areas, posing severe challenges to ensuring water security. To solve these problems, it is urgent to vigorously promote the "river chief system", promote the protection of river and lake systems and the overall improvement of the water ecological environment, ensure the sustainable use of river and lake functions, and maintain the health and life of rivers and lakes. Third, the implementation of the "river chief system" is an institutional innovation to improve the water governance system and ensure national water security. The management and protection of rivers and lakes involves upstream and downstream, left and right banks, different administrative regions and industries. In some localities, rivers and lakes are overwhelmed by heavy burdens and ecological and environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent. Some places have different goals and demands in the management and protection of rivers and lakes, and they work independently, which affects the overall effectiveness of river and lake protection. To solve these problems, it is necessary to vigorously promote the "river chief system", give full play to the leading role of local party committees and governments, clarify the division of responsibilities, strengthen overall planning and coordination, and form a joint force for the protection of the ecological environment of rivers and lakes.
6. What role does the river chief system play in promoting the management and protection of rivers and lakes?
Judging from the practice of various localities, the implementation of the river chief system has promoted the management of rivers and lakes by people, management and good management, the gradual restoration of river and lake functions, and the vigorous promotion of water resources protection, water shoreline management, water pollution prevention and control, and water environment governance. After the implementation of the river chief system in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, the water quality compliance rate of the domestic water function zones increased from 7.1% in 2007 to 44.4% in 2015. Through the implementation of the river chief system, the water environment quality of the city's rivers has achieved "two drops and one liter" (the rivers with abnormal sensory water quality have dropped from 2 1 0 kilometers to 34 kilometers, the rivers with substandard environmental sanitation have been reduced from 53 kilometers to zero, and the number of excellent rivers in the comprehensive assessment has increased from 620 kilometers to 2274 kilometers), the garbage rivers and black and odorous rivers have been basically eliminated, the illegal activities related to the river have decreased significantly, and the public's awareness of protecting the water environment has been greatly improved.
7. What problems should be solved by implementing the river chief system?
The implementation of the river chief system can further implement the main responsibility of local party committees and governments for the management and protection of rivers and lakes, and ensure that they have the responsibility to protect the land. At the same time, actively absorb the participation of the public, which is conducive to the establishment of a good situation in which the whole people pay attention to rivers and lakes and protect rivers and lakes, and strive to solve the outstanding problems restricting the protection of rivers and lakes, such as encroachment on rivers, reclamation of lakes, illegal sand mining, pollution of water bodies, and electric fish per fish.
8. What is the overall goal of the full implementation of the river chief system?
The purpose of implementing the river chief system is to implement the new development concept, with the main tasks of protecting water resources, preventing and controlling water pollution, improving the water environment and restoring the water ecology, and to build a river and lake management and protection mechanism with clear responsibilities, coordinated and orderly, strict supervision and strong protection, so as to provide institutional guarantee for maintaining the healthy life of rivers and lakes and realizing the sustainable use of river and lake functions.
9. What is the standard for the comprehensive establishment of the river chief system?
The comprehensive establishment of the river chief system should achieve "four in place", the work plan in place, the organizational system and responsibilities in place, the relevant systems and policy measures in place, and the supervision, inspection, assessment and evaluation in place. First, the work plan is in place. The work plan of each locality should be combined with the actual situation of local river and lake management and protection, further refine and implement the goals and tasks proposed in the "Opinions", clarify the main tasks, organizational forms, supervision and assessment, safeguard measures and other contents of the local implementation of the river chief system, and clarify the timetable, roadmap and phased goals of each task. Second, the organizational system and responsibilities are in place. All localities should comprehensively establish a system of river chiefs at the provincial, municipal, county, and township levels, and clarify the responsibilities of river chiefs at all levels and the relationship between river chiefs at higher and lower levels. It is necessary to establish a river chief office, clarify the leading departments and constituent departments, implement the staff, clarify the division of responsibilities, and build a work platform that is coordinated and orderly, operates efficiently, and implements responsibilities. Third, relevant systems and policy measures are in place. The full implementation of the river chief system requires a complete set of institutional systems, including the river chief meeting system, information sharing system, supervision and inspection system, acceptance system, and assessment accountability and incentive system. Fourth, supervision, inspection and assessment are in place. All localities should establish and improve mechanisms for supervision, inspection, and evaluation, implement government supervision and social supervision, and pursue responsibility in strict accordance with relevant regulations.
10. What are the time node requirements for the comprehensive establishment of the river chief system?
All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should ensure that the river chief system is fully established by the end of 2018. Among them, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hainan and other provinces (municipalities) will introduce provincial-level work plans before the end of June 2017, and strive to fully establish the river chief system by the end of 2017, and other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should introduce provincial-level work plans by the end of 2017, and strive to fully establish the river chief system by the end of June 2018.
11. What is the scope of implementation of the river chief system, and does it include lakes?
The "Opinions" require the establishment of a four-level river chief system at the provincial, municipal, county, and township levels, and the implementation scope of the river chief system should cover the rivers managed at the township level, and the rivers managed at the village level can be extended to areas with conditions. According to the Regulations on River Management, rivers include lakes, artificial waterways, etc., therefore, the scope of implementation of the river chief system includes lakes, and the river chief shall be responsible for the management and protection of the lake, and the specific title of "river chief" or "lake chief" can be determined by the local government.
12. What are the main tasks of implementing the river chief system and strengthening the management and protection of rivers and lakes?
According to the <Opinions", the main tasks of implementing the river chief system include six aspects: first, strengthen the protection of water resources, implement the strictest water resources management system, and implement dual control actions on the total amount and intensity of water resource consumption; second, strengthen the management and protection of the shoreline of rivers and lakes, delineate the management scope of rivers and lakes, strictly control the water ecological space, and strictly prohibit illegal activities such as encroachment on rivers and lakes; third, strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution, and coordinate the prevention and control of water pollution. Fourth, we should strengthen the management of the water environment, ensure the safety of drinking water sources, and intensify the treatment of black and odorous water bodies; fifth, we should strengthen the restoration of water ecology, strengthen the management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, and lakes, and maintain the ecological environment of rivers and lakes; and sixth, strengthen law enforcement and supervision, and severely crack down on illegal activities related to rivers and lakes.
13. How to strengthen the classification guidance for the full implementation of the river chief system?
With regard to rivers and lakes, it is necessary to strengthen the management of water function zones, give prominence to protection measures, and in particular, intensify the protection of river headwaters, water conservation areas, ecologically sensitive areas, and drinking water sources, and strengthen water pollution control, water conservation and emission reduction, and ecological protection and restoration of rivers and lakes with serious water pollution and deterioration of water ecology. With regard to urban rivers and lakes, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between development and utilization and protection, maintain the integrity and ecological integrity of the water system, and step up the control of black and odorous water bodies; with regard to rural rivers, it is necessary to strengthen dredging and dredging, environmental improvement, and water system connectivity. It is necessary to delineate the scope of management of rivers and lakes, strengthen the management and protection of water shorelines, strictly supervise river-related construction projects and activities, strictly prohibit encroachment on water space, and rectify illegal activities such as indiscriminate occupation and abuse, illegal aquaculture, and illegal sand mining.
14. How does the Ministry of Water Resources ensure the implementation of the documents of the two offices?
The main body of responsibility for the river chief system is the local party committee and government. As the national department in charge of rivers and lakes, the Ministry of Water Resources will focus on the following aspects. The first is to grasp the refinement and implementation of work tasks. The Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Environmental Protection have issued an implementation plan for the implementation of the <Opinions", guiding all localities to speed up the preparation of work plans and refine and implement work tasks. The second is to grasp supervision and inspection. The Ministry of Water Resources will establish an information reporting system and a supervision and inspection system for the river chief system, keep abreast of the progress of the river chief system in various places, and carry out special supervision and inspection on the implementation of the river chief system in various places on a regular basis. The third is to grasp assessment and accountability. At the same time, the Ministry of Water Resources will include the comprehensive implementation of the river chief system in the assessment of the strictest water resources management system, and will organize an assessment of the comprehensive implementation of the river chief system in all localities. Fourth, strengthen guidance. The Ministry of Water Resources will continue to refine and promote local good practices and experiences, organize and carry out various forms of experience exchanges, and promote mutual learning and reference among localities.
15. How is the organizational system of the river chief system structured?
The "Opinions" make it clear that a four-level river chief system at the provincial, municipal, county and township levels should be established in an all-round way. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall appoint chief river chiefs, who shall be the principal responsible comrades of the party committee or government; the chief of major rivers and lakes within the administrative areas of each province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) shall be appointed by responsible comrades at the provincial level; and the cities, counties, and townships where rivers and lakes are located shall be appointed at different levels and sections, and responsible comrades at the same level shall serve as river chiefs. River chiefs at the county level and above shall set up corresponding river chief offices, and the specific composition shall be determined by each locality according to actual conditions.
16. Who is the chief river chief in the provincial-level administrative area?
The "Opinions" make it clear that each province (autonomous region, municipality) shall establish a chief river chief, who shall be the principal responsible comrade of the party committee or government.
17. Should there be a river chief at the village level?
The "Opinions" make it clear that a four-level river chief system at the provincial, municipal, county and township levels should be established in an all-round way. In areas where conditions permit, village-level river chiefs may be established according to the actual management of local rivers and lakes.
18. How to establish a river chief system for major rivers, rivers directly managed by the central government, and rivers and lakes across administrative regions?
River chiefs should also be set up at different levels and sections for major rivers and rivers directly managed by the central government that flow through various provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), but the current management system and functions will not be changed. At the same time, the <Opinions" require that the management responsibilities of rivers and lakes across administrative regions be clarified, and the upstream and downstream, left and right banks should be coordinated to implement joint prevention and control. In accordance with the laws and regulations of the mainland and the current river and lake management system, the river basin management agency is responsible for guiding the protection of water resources and the management of water shorelines of major rivers.
19. How to determine the main rivers and lakes in the administrative area?
On the basis of the natural attributes of rivers and lakes, the situation across administrative regions, and the importance of their impact on economic and social development and the ecological environment, all provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) shall propose a list of major rivers and lakes, with responsible comrades at the provincial level serving as river chiefs; cities and counties should also propose a list of rivers and lakes where city, county, and township-level leaders shall serve as river chiefs at different levels. The river basin agency is responsible for guiding the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in the river basin to formulate a list of major rivers and lakes.
20. What are the responsibilities of the river chief?
River chiefs at all levels are responsible for organizing and leading the management and protection of corresponding rivers and lakes, including water resources protection, water shoreline management, water pollution prevention and control, water environment management, etc., and taking the lead in organizing and rectifying outstanding problems such as encroachment on river channels, reclamation of lakes, excessive sewage discharge, illegal sand mining, destruction of waterways, and electrotoxic fish explosions, and coordinating the resolution of major problems; The left and right banks carry out joint prevention and control, supervise the performance of duties by relevant departments and river chiefs at the next level, evaluate the completion of target tasks, and strengthen incentives and accountability.
21. How to set up the river chief office?
Establish provincial, municipal, and county river chief offices, clarify the leading units and constituent departments, implement staff, establish working mechanisms, and build work platforms.
22. What are the responsibilities of the River Chief's Office?
The Office of the River Chief System undertakes the specific work of organizing and implementing the river chief system and implements the matters determined by the river chief. All relevant departments and units shall coordinate the promotion of various tasks in accordance with the division of responsibilities.
23. What are the relevant systems of the river chief system?
To comprehensively promote the river chief system, it is necessary to establish five key systems. The first is the system of river chief meetings, which coordinates and solves key and difficult problems in the management and protection of rivers and lakes; the second is the information sharing system, which regularly reports on the management and protection of rivers and lakes and tracks the progress of the river chief system in a timely manner; the third is the work supervision system, which supervises the implementation of the river chief system and the performance of duties by river chiefs; the fourth is the assessment and accountability and incentive mechanism, which commends and rewards the outstanding river chiefs and responsible units, and strictly holds accountable those who are derelict in their duties and responsibilities; and the fifth is the acceptance system, which timely accepts the establishment of the river chief system in accordance with the time nodes determined in the work plan。
24. How to establish an information reporting system for the full implementation of the river chief system?
In accordance with the requirements of the <Opinions", the party committees and governments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall report the implementation of the previous year to the Party Central Committee and the State Council before the end of January each year.
Starting from January 2017, the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Environmental Protection will establish a system for reporting information on the progress of the river chief system, and implement monthly and annual reports on progress. First, the "who" will report to the provincial (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government) river chief system office, and if the river chief system office has not yet been established, the provincial party committee and government shall determine the leading department to submit it. The second is to report to "who", and the river chief system office of each province (autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government) will report the information to the river chief office at the next higher level step by step, and the provincial river chief system office will report to the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Environmental Protection after summarizing. The third is the "when" report, which implements a combination of monthly and annual reports, and a combination of regular and irregular reports. In principle, the monthly report shall be submitted once every two months, before the 10th of a single month, and if there is any major progress, it shall be submitted at any time; The annual report is a summary of the progress of the work of the river chief system in the previous year, and the main contents include the progress progress of the river chief system in the previous year, the experience and results of the work to be learned, the gaps and deficiencies that exist, and the work arrangements and suggestions for the next step. Fifth, to contact "who", administrative regions at all levels should establish a liaison mechanism for information reporting, and at the provincial level, a cadre and a staff member at the department level should be responsible for information reporting and liaison work, and report to the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
25. How to establish the supervision and inspection mechanism of the river chief system?
The supervision and inspection mechanism of the river chief system includes government supervision and social supervision, the government supervision is mainly responsible for the river chief is responsible for supervising the performance of duties by relevant departments and the river chief at the next level, and social supervision includes hiring social supervisors and establishing a WeChat public platform to supervise and evaluate the management and protection of rivers and lakes. The establishment of the government supervision and inspection mechanism of the river chief system should do the following work: first, the formulation of supervision and inspection plan, including supervision and inspection time, supervision and inspection content, organizational form and division of labor, supervision and inspection work methods, supervision and inspection reports, feedback, rectification and implementation requirements, etc.; Third, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of rectification and reform, and to rectify and implement the problems found in supervision and inspection at all levels and the problems that the public has strongly resented.
26. How to evaluate and hold the river chief accountable?
The "Opinions" call for strengthening the assessment and accountability of river chiefs, and clarify the following contents: First, who will take the examination and who will be assessed, the "Opinions" stipulate that the river chiefs at and above the county level are responsible for organizing the assessment of the river chiefs at the next level of the corresponding rivers and lakes; second, what is the assessment, mainly to assess the progress of the implementation of the river chief system, the implementation of the six major tasks stipulated in the "Opinions", and the effectiveness of the implementation of the river chief system. It is proposed that the results of the assessment of the river chief system should be taken as an important basis for the comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the leading party and government cadres in the local government, and that a lifelong accountability system should be implemented for the responsibility for damage to the ecological environment, and those who cause damage to the ecological environment should be held accountable in strict accordance with the relevant regulations. The Ministry of Water Resources will assess the most stringent water resources management system for the full implementation of the river chief system, and the Ministry of Environmental Protection will assess the implementation of the action plan for the prevention and control of water pollution for the full implementation of the river chief system.
27. How to effectively connect the full implementation of the river chief system with the strictest water resources management system?
The main tasks of the river chief system include strengthening the protection of water resources, the prevention and control of water pollution, and the treatment of the water environment, etc., and the three red lines of strict water resources development and utilization control, water use efficiency control, and water function zone restriction and pollution containment in the strictest water resources management system, strengthening the supervision of sewage outlets in human rivers and lakes, strict protection of drinking water sources, and controlling the total amount of sewage discharged in human rivers and rivers have been fully connected, and the work requirements have been refined and the main responsibilities have been further clarified. The implementation of the river chief system is conducive to the implementation of the strictest water resources management system in terms of institutional mechanism, and the implementation of the river chief system in various localities will also include the strictest assessment of the water resources management system.
28. What is the current situation of rivers and lakes in the mainland?
According to the results of the first national water conservancy census in 2013, there are 45,203 rivers with a total length of more than 50 square kilometers in the continental basin, with a total length of 150. 850,000 km. There are 2,865 natural lakes with a perennial water surface area of 1 square kilometer or more, and the total water surface area of the lakes is 7. 800,000 square kilometers. Of these, 1,594 are freshwater lakes, 945 are saltwater lakes, 1,66 are salt lakes and 160 are others.
29. What is the current institutional framework for river and lake management?
According to the current laws and regulations, the management of rivers and lakes in mainland China implements a management system that combines river basin management with administrative area management, and combines unified management with hierarchical management. First, the water resources administrative department of the State Council is responsible for the unified management and supervision of the country's permanent resources, and is the competent organ for rivers (including lakes), and has set up river basin management institutions in important rivers and lakes designated by the state. Second, the local water administrative departments at or above the county level are responsible for the unified management and supervision of water resources within their respective administrative areas in accordance with the prescribed authority, and are the competent authorities for rivers (including lakes) in their administrative areas. Third, the relevant departments of governments at all levels are responsible for the protection of water resources, the prevention and control of water pollution, the treatment of water environment, and the restoration of water ecology in accordance with their responsibilities and division of labor.
30. What are the mechanisms for pollution control in rivers and lakes?
The core of the mechanism of pollution control and forcing of human rivers and lakes is to give full play to the role of the red line of water function zones in limiting pollution and reducing pollution in human rivers, mainly with the following measures: First, the pollutant holding capacity of 4,493 important rivers and lakes in the country has been approved, and the opinions on limiting the total amount of sewage discharge have been put forward, which provides a scientific basis for the total amount of sewage discharge control of human rivers. The second is to strictly approve, supervise and inspect the establishment of sewage outlets in human rivers and lakes, and restrict the examination and approval of new water intakes and sewage outlets in human rivers and lakes in areas where the amount of sewage discharged exceeds the total amount of water function discharge. The third is to actively promote the opinions on limiting the total amount of pollutant discharge as the basis for water pollution prevention and control, and promote the establishment of a pollution control mechanism based on water and land.
31. How to strengthen the spatial control of water shoreline?
There are two main measures to strengthen the spatial management and control of the water coastline, one is to prepare a coastline protection and utilization plan, according to the natural attributes of the coastline, take into account the needs of economic and social development, highlight the protection of coastline resources, ecological protection and flood control safety, divide the coastline into protected areas, reserved areas, control and utilization areas and development and utilization areas, and put forward zoning control requirements. The second is to strictly approve and supervise river-related construction projects and activities, and strictly prohibit the development and utilization of shoreline sources in violation of laws and regulations. At present, in the comprehensive planning of the seven major river basins, the main stream of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and other major rivers and the important sections of the main tributaries, Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake and other important lakes shoreline utilization management plan, the "Yangtze River Shoreline Protection and Development and Utilization Master Plan" has determined the requirements for the protection and utilization of the shoreline of the main stream and major tributaries of the Yangtze River, and all localities should pay close attention to formulating plans for the protection and utilization of the shoreline of rivers and lakes.
32. What is the status of the delineation of the management scope of rivers and lakes in the mainland?
According to the Regulations on the Management of Rivers, the management scope of a river with embankments is the waters between the two banks of the embankment, sandbanks, tidal lands (including arable land), flood areas, embankments and berms on both banks. For rivers without embankments, the management scope is determined according to the historical maximum flood level or the design flood level. The specific scope of management of rivers shall be delineated by the competent local people's governments at or above the county level. The local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for delineating the specific scope of river management. At present, there are still many rivers and lakes on the mainland that have not yet been demarcated for management, which has caused an adverse impact on strengthening the management and protection of rivers and lakes. The Ministry of Water Resources attaches great importance to this, and in 2014 issued a notice requiring all localities to speed up the delineation of the management scope of rivers and lakes, delineate the boundaries of management and protection of rivers and lakes by river, and clarify the time requirements, and all localities need to speed up the delineation of the management scope of rivers and lakes.
33. What difficulties and problems do the water administrative departments at all levels in mainland China face in the management and law enforcement of rivers and lakes?
In recent years, the water administrative departments at all levels have taken the management and law enforcement of rivers and lakes as the focus of water administrative law enforcement, and have achieved remarkable results, but there are still some problems: First, the boundaries of river and lake law enforcement are not clear, and the scope of river and lake management in some places has not been delineated, and the law enforcement boundaries are difficult to define. Second, the punishment standard is low, mainly administrative fines, and the deterrent effect of law enforcement is insufficient; third, the illegal acts are high and frequent, and the development and construction are competing for land with rivers and lakes, and more than 20,000 illegal cases of rivers and lakes occur every year in the country. Fourth, the law enforcement capacity of rivers and lakes is weak, some places have rebuilt light pipes, and the water administration law enforcement equipment is relatively backward, and the law enforcement capacity is not strong.
34. What efforts have been made to increase the penalties for illegal sand mining?
Through the joint efforts of relevant departments in various localities, the overall management order of river sand mining in the country is generally controllable. On the one hand, we should give full play to the normative and leading role of the existing system in river sand mining, adhere to the river sand mining planning system, determine the mining ban area and mining ban period, and increase administrative law enforcement for illegal sand mining. On the other hand, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate jointly promulgated the <Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Illegal Mining and Destructive Mining", clarifying that from January 1, 2016, illegal sand mining without obtaining a river sand mining license and violating the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law will be convicted and punished as illegal mining.
35. What are the main measures taken by the water administrative departments in protecting water quality and controlling water pollution?
The first is to strengthen the supervision of water function zones, in accordance with the "National Important Rivers and Lakes Water Function Zoning > strengthen the hierarchical and classified supervision of water function zones, verify the pollutant-holding capacity of water areas, and strictly approve and manage the sewage outlets of human rivers. In recent years, the water quality compliance rate of 175 important drinking water sources has remained above 90 percent. The third is to strengthen water quality monitoring, and carry out routine monitoring of major rivers, lakes and reservoirs, provincial boundary sections, important water function areas and water sources every year. Fourth, we should do a good job in responding to water pollution incidents, give full play to the role of water conservancy departments in emergency monitoring, water conservancy project scheduling, prediction and forecasting, etc., and assist relevant departments and localities in preventing and dealing with water pollution emergencies.
Source: The People's Government of Quanyanling Township, Lishu County
Review: Huang Zhijun
Editor: Wu Yuting