Following the 2022 Qiongyao National Archaeological Site Park
After being featured in the "People's Daily Overseas Edition".
Out of the circle! Qiongyao appeared in the "People's Daily Overseas Edition"!
April 23, 2024, People's Daily Overseas Edition
With the "Qiongyao National Archaeological Site Park
Recreate the prosperity of the famous kiln in Shu place".
It was reported in detail in two-thirds of the page
A visit to the Qiongyao National Archaeological Site Park
Qiongyao National Archaeological Site Park
Appeared in the "People's Daily Overseas Edition" again
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Located in Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, the Qiongyao National Archaeological Site Park is surrounded by green mountains, clear streams and picturesque scenery. It is the most beautiful April day, the green grass in the park, the weeping willows, the red leaves and peach blossoms bloom warmly, adding a joy to the visitors.
Qiong kiln is the largest celadon kiln in the ancient southwest region, which was fired in the Southern Dynasty, flourished in the late Tang Dynasty, and declined in the late Song Dynasty, lasting for more than 800 years, and is known for its thick accumulation, rich products, and long continuous firing time. At present, the Qiongyao National Archaeological Site Park covers an open area of 19.6 hectares, including a site protection exhibition area, a temporary exhibition hall, an archaeological workstation, an inheritor's studio, a pottery experience area, a master workstation, etc., with multiple functions such as scientific research, education, cultural creativity, and recreation.
In the Qiongyao National Archaeological Site Park, there are 14 kiln bags, such as pearls scattered among the mountains and forests, fascinating. Walking along the tree-lined path, the winding path leads to the secluded place, which is the ruins of the ancient kiln.
Luo Dongmei, director of the Qionglai Cultural Protection Center, introduced that the Qiongyao kiln is not a single kiln site, but the general name of the seven ancient porcelain kiln sites in Nanhe Shifangtang, Guyi Wayao Mountain, Xihe Jianshanzi, Baihe Dayu Village, Chaishan Chong, Yellow Crane and Guanzhuang. Among them, the most influential are Shifangtang, Dayu Village and Wayao Mountain Qiongyao Ruins, which are included in the list of national key cultural relics protection units.
Since the 80s of the 20th century, Qiongyao has undergone a total of 5 archaeological surveys and 3 formal excavations, and found the architectural remains of the Tang Dynasty, dragon kilns, steamed bread kilns, workshop ruins, and unearthed tens of thousands of relics.
The site of Baolong Kiln No. 1 is the most complete slope dragon kiln found at the Shifangtang site so far, with a length of 42 meters, like a long dragon lying on the mountain in the center of the kiln. The working area in front of the kiln, the kiln door, the combustion chamber, the kiln bed, the kiln wall, the chimney, and the slope protection wall at the end of the kiln constitute the organic whole of the dragon kiln. The kiln door faces west, 3 meters below the ground, the kiln goes up the mountain, the chimney is located on the top of the mountain, and 5 stepped slope protection is built at the end of the kiln. The slope of the kiln bed is 15 degrees to 17 degrees, which experts say is the most scientific slope of the ancient Chinese slope dragon kiln. This dragon kiln has undergone at least 7 major renovations, which shows that it was the most important large-scale production kiln at that time.
A schematic diagram shows the loading and firing process of the slope dragon kiln: after the refined porcelain clay is drawn and molded, it can be fired in the kiln after trimming, underglaze decoration, glazing, and drying. The slope of the kiln is fueled by firewood, and after ignition, the flame flows from the combustion chamber through the kiln bed from low to high to the chimney, filling the entire kiln chamber.
On the stand at the site of the dragon kiln are two saggers, made of refractory material, which are the main containers for filling blanks in the ceramic firing process. There are heat dissipation holes on the edge of the sagger, the wall of the bowl is thick, the color is like cast iron, and the size is about the same as that of a household casserole, but it is far heavier than a casserole. During the Tang and Song dynasties, most of the porcelain from the Qiong kiln was put into the sagger when it was fired in the kiln, which was called sagger burning. This method of loading and firing greatly reduces the glaze pollution of porcelain, and also makes the porcelain more evenly heated during the firing process, and at the same time, the stability of the overlapping sagger is greater than that of the stacked porcelain, which reduces the probability of collapse and greatly improves the yield rate.
Qiongyao ceramics
The workshop area of the eastern terrace is also an important site. From the early Tang Dynasty to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the No. 1 kiln was used for porcelain production for nearly 5 centuries, and this terrace workshop area was continuously used. The existing ruins include workshop foundation sites, wells, stove pits, glaze refining pits, ash ditches, etc.
Qiongyao ceramics
The northern flat workshop area is close to the north side of the central mountain, and there are mainly various relics from the Five Dynasties to the end of the Song Dynasty, such as workshops, mud storage ponds, stale rot ponds, glaze jars, and water wells. Among them, Workshop No. 5 is a relatively regular workshop building, mostly using abandoned sagger to build walls, paving floors, wells, and pools, and according to these relics, we can infer the porcelain-making process from the preparation of the soil to the glazing of the surface of the vessel.
Walking into the Qiongyao Temporary Exhibition Hall, a piece of cultural relics tells the development process of the Qiongyao kiln for 8 centuries, which makes people think of the prosperity of the kiln fire in the past.
Qiongyao is one of the oldest folk kilns in China, mainly producing celadon, with more than 20 kinds of glaze colors and a rich range of products, covering food and living, cultural play, building components, Buddhist utensils, etc. Qiongyao has created many new processes and technologies in the long-term production process, such as opalescent glaze, composite painted decoration, high-temperature three-color, etc., which have an important impact on the development of ancient ceramics.
Song Dynasty green glazed porcelain vase
The group of celadon ware in front of you is the early product of the Qiong kiln, mainly cups, pots, plates and other daily necessities, with a simple and rough style. The celadon high-foot plate of the Sui Dynasty is large and shallow, the trumpet-shaped high-footed, the glaze is green and yellow, and it is a more exquisite product in the early stage of the Qiong kiln. Experts have found that the celadon production in Qiongyao is closely related to the porcelain-making technology in the Ningshao Plain and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
Celadon high-footed plate
The white porcelain high-footed plate, which is similar to the age of the celadon high-footed plate, has a taller trumpet foot and looks tall and graceful. Luo Dongmei said that these white porcelain products show the close relationship between the Qiongyao kiln and the northern kiln. From the Southern Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, Qiongyao widely used cosmetic clay technology, which made the production quality of white porcelain relatively stable, and laid the foundation for the mass production of underglaze colored porcelain in the future.
Tang Dynasty celadon green color markings holding pot
Since the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the Qiongyao kiln has changed the tradition of "green in the south and white in the north" and "heavy glaze without heavy decoration", integrating tire decoration and glaze decoration, high-temperature painting and low-temperature painting, underglaze painting and overglaze painting, creating a new situation of painted porcelain, which can be called a new milestone in the history of Chinese ceramic development. Geng Baochang, a researcher at the Palace Museum and honorary president of the Chinese Ancient Ceramics Society, said after inspecting the Qiongyao site, the high and low temperature underglaze color and three colors are the representative works of the Qiong kiln, which were successfully fired earlier, and its technology was transmitted to the Zhumin kiln in the south of the Yangtze River.
Tang Dynasty celadon brown "Linqiong" text cup
The Tang Dynasty celadon brown "Linqiong" text cup is eye-catching. The center of the cup body is written in underglaze brown color with the word "Linqiong", which is the earliest Qiongyao porcelain with the name of the place of origin seen so far, and it is also the only example seen in the archaeological excavation so far.
Tang Dynasty celadon brown and green double color carved lotus pattern basin
Qiongyao was the earliest kiln in China to produce underglaze double-color porcelain, the most common of which was brown-green double-colored. Celadon brown and green double-color grass leaf pattern plate bottle belly decoration brown green grass leaf pattern, plate decoration underglaze green color dot pattern, is the Qiong kiln underglaze double-color porcelain representative work. Celadon brown and green double color carved lotus pattern large pot pattern decoration vividly, the bottom of the pot carved folded branch lotus pattern, the inner wall carved a week of deformation wave pattern, the theme pattern is applied light yellow glaze, lined with green, brown double color, quite "mirror lake three hundred miles, lotus flowers" artistic conception.
Five generations of Qiongsancai cup
From the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, the Qiong kiln carried out technological innovation in the aspects of ware molding, firing and glazing, etc., and produced unique Qiongsancai porcelain. Qiongsancai is light in shape, the glaze is bright, and the yellow, brown and green colors are gorgeous and dazzling. The Qiongsancai cup unearthed from the No. 5 kiln of Shifangtang is molded in a molding way, and the trumpet-shaped small tall feet are made of jointing technology, and the whole body is covered with yellow glaze, decorated with brown and green stripes, and the colors are bright and bright.
Song Dynasty milky light green glaze oil-saving lamp
inkstones, water bowls, vases, incense burners, tea cups...... The Qiongyao utensils reveal the elegant life of the ancients. The Song Dynasty oil-saving lamp is a very creative product in the porcelain of Qiongyao, the lamp is designed as a hollow interlayer, and when used, clean water is injected into the interlayer, and the principle of water evaporation and cooling is used to reduce the oil temperature, slow down the combustion rate of oil, and achieve the purpose of reducing fuel consumption.
Visit the site of the dragon kiln, experience the ancient farad blank, and carry out simulated archaeological ...... Recently, a unique research activity was held in the Qiongyao National Archaeological Site Park. The students touched the historical sites with their own hands, learned the stories behind the cultural relics, and felt the charm of the kiln up close.
Students from Xijie Primary School in Qionglai City watch the potters demonstrate the ancient falat blank in the Qiongyao National Archaeological Site Park
"Mr. He Dan, the inheritor of intangible cultural heritage, personally taught me the skills and methods of drawing blanks, which I found very interesting, and I hope to have the opportunity to continue to study here in the future. ”
——A fourth-grade student at Wenchang Primary School in Qionglai City
Wang Xinrui
He Dan is the provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritor of the "Qiongyao firing technique", and he has opened a studio in the heritage park to restore the ancient ceramic firing technique of the Qiongyao, so that visitors can experience ceramic firing firsthand.
There are several similar inheritor studios. Zhou Qin studied under He Dan and is now in charge of ceramics production in a studio. On the shelves behind her, celadon tea sets, wine sets and other cultural and creative products are neatly arranged, with warm colors.
"This set of tea sets is called 'Siyu', which is an Internet celebrity product, which realizes the perfect combination of tradition and modernity. Zhou Qin said, "We continue the craftsmanship of Qiongyao celadon and Qiongsancai, and improve the glaze color and shape, and one pot with four cups to better meet the needs of modern people." The traditional cup-shaped 'slightly fat', we give it 'waist cinching'. Look at this cup, the figure is slender, the color is tender green, and the name is 'Siyu', does it look like a young and beautiful girl?" Zhou Qin's words made everyone laugh.
Guhui Hall, Shifang Library, Qionglai Sanhua Academy, Qionglai Sancai Museum...... The cultural and creative institutions in the park have their own characteristics and provide visitors with a variety of experiences.
The new kiln is presided over by Professor Zheng Dongxun of South Korea, and more than 30 potters from China, South Korea and the United Kingdom participated in the design and construction. Since the opening of the kiln in February 2018, more than 200 ceramic cultural activities have been held.
More than 200 artists have been introduced to the Master Workstation and the International Exchange Center to promote the exchange of ceramic culture between China and foreign countries through exhibitions, lectures, forums, teaching practices, creative experiences and other forms, so that ancient skills can be integrated into public life.
The "Qiongyao Firewood Burning Art Season" integrates firewood creation with cultural and creative markets, music performances, food parties, etc., which is deeply loved by young people and won the "Special Activity Promotion" of the National Archaeological Site Park Alliance in 2023.
The local government also actively implements the "Qionglai Kiln Dissemination Plan", and cooperates with Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Sichuan University, Beijing University of Technology and other universities to carry out archaeological research, cultural and creative development, and the construction of industry-university-research bases, so as to activate the historical and cultural resources of Qionglai through modern creativity, so that the Qiongyao ruins can truly "live" and glow in the new era.
The kiln fire is a thousand years, and the porcelain shines for a thousand years
Qiongyao
It is one of the birthplaces of Chinese colored porcelain
It is a romance that belongs to the people of Qiong
The millennium kiln is also waiting for you!
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