The realm of reading
——Thoughts on the occasion of World Book Day and China's National Reading Conference
Text/Liu Hanjun
Reading Cervantes closely, I miss a day.
The Spanish writer was a lover of books, and his Don Quixote was also obsessed with reading chivalric novels, even going crazy and doing absurd and bizarre things. Cervantes was not known to his time, and like Don Quixote, he lived alone in that maritime country. He fell quietly in the spring of 1616 without a man by his side. On the same day in the same month of the same year, the English writer William Shakespeare also died suddenly.
When it comes to reading, these two literary giants say almost the same thing. Cervantes said, "Reading nourishes the soul," while Shakespeare said, "Books are nourishment for all mankind." Indeed, books are their common nourishment, and they also leave the rich nourishment to all mankind.
In addition to contributing classics, they also contributed a classic day. In 1995, UNESCO designated 23 April, the day of their death, as World Book Day. China, take it as a national reading day.
this day
, which reminds me of some topics about reading. One
Reading should be quiet, preferably at night, and the curtains should be closed.
The curtains are dark in color. The tea was brewed, and the tea was the green brick tea of the Chibi Yanglou Cave, which could withstand boiling and was worth recalling. Keep the hustle and bustle out of your heart, carry a book, and walk alone in the wilderness, the depths of the wilderness.
The book is the book in the mind, the artistic conception is a thousand layers, and the scenery is the scene in the heart, and there are all kinds of styles. Looking at the book is a kind of enjoyment, every word is looking at your eyes, talking to the book, the mood is boundless, every line of words is a landscape, sitting in the book city, the house full of gold is like jade. The English novelist Forster said, "It is only at night, when the curtains are drawn, the fires flicker, and the lights turned off, that books show their original brilliance." I sat with them in the light of the stove for a moment, without reading, without even using my brain, but just felt that these books, along with the wisdom and charm stored in them, were waiting for me to apply them at any time......" he said, as if this was my feeling.
Reading must be in a state, and book lovers and bookworms are the supreme realm of readers. Some people close their eyes and moan tears, some people swim freely, some people choke their wrists and shoot the case, and some people have eyes blazing like electricity. When you read "Historical Records", "Shangshu", "Spring and Autumn", "Analects", etc., you should sit and watch upright; when you read poems, songs, voices, and virtuous texts, you can shake your head and shake your head.
You can't read Tang poems without wine, and you can't taste Song poetry without tea. "Bright moon high-rise Yan City wine, plum blossom people day grass hall poems", Yuan Hao asked. Drinking can be used to chant poetry, tea can be used to give words, wine is needed to write poems, and tea is needed to read. Lu Fangweng said: "Burn incense and read the Xiechuan set, and wait for the fire to cook Gu Zhu tea." "In the reading program, there is a tea tasting project, and there is an additional process of burning incense, which shows the mental height pursued by the ancients when they read. Du Fu said: "The book on the bed is connected to the house, and the trees in front of the steps are blowing the clouds. "A window of bright moon and half a bed book, pillow book and sleep, pen into a dream, dream of its own book, wake up there is a wonderful pen. One can imagine what a pure life scene this is.
The book is in the hand, the person is in the painting, there is no silk and bamboo, and there is no case and labor. The painting boat listens to the rain sleeping, the thatched house hears the sound of books, Huai Lisao sings on the side of the ze, the Wu hook is seen in Chutian, the moon walks in the moonlight, the wind walks in the wind, I am listening to my own murmuring. Naturally, incense burner guqin, calligraphy, painting, poetry, pen, ink, paper and inkstone are indispensable in the study. The reading environment of the ancients is simply too luxurious for today's people.
Two
Reading has the embarrassment of life, but also the emotion of life.
The ancients told many stories of reading, such as Che Yin's sac firefly, Sun Kang Yingxue, Kuang Heng's chiseling of the wall to steal light, the head cantilever beam, the cone piercing the strands, and so on, talking endlessly. When I listen to them, I can't understand why they can't get along with themselves like this. The ancients also talked a lot about the truth of reading, as much as a cow's hair, the most classic is Xunzi's "Persuasion", which exhausts the purpose, method, principle, and role of learning. The ancients said that everything is inferior, only reading is high. Some people say that in front of the credit card machine in the shopping mall and on the screen of online shopping, today's readers are not necessarily much more decent than Kong Yiji, who wore a long shirt and drank wine in front of the counter of the Xianheng Hotel; some people say, "No one asks about the cold window for ten years, and the world knows about it in one fell swoop", you see where it takes so long for all kinds of "stars" to grow and become famous, and who is not known to the world; some people say that "Golden House, Qian Zhongsu, Yan Ruyu" is nonsense, and there are many examples of scholars around them who are worried about marrying and marrying, not to mention the Golden House, and renting a house is stretched. In "Zengguang Xianwen", it is said that if there is no scholar at home, where do officials come from? But do they have to be officials to study? How many of those high-ranking officials who have been found out are real scholars?
Of course, books are meant to be read. You can not be a reader, but you can't be a reader. The ignorant are fearless, so they go astray.
Reading is like reading people, and reading is like making friends. When you go to school, you should have a friend, and when you read, you should have a book friend. Meeting friends with books, expressing the flow of water, communication is to read books and learn Taoism, and to know people and make friends. In the company of book friends, "3,000 words straight down in front of you, there is no dust in your chest"; Chen Shidao of the Song Dynasty said, "Books should be read quickly, and guests will not come", and good books are quickly read, which makes people reluctant to put it down, like waiting for friends, anxious and anxious. Yu Qian of the Ming Dynasty said, "Books are affectionate like old people, and every blind date is sad in the morning and dusk", good books are friends, deep friendship, and the earth is long.
Raising the case and appreciating the beautiful text, sleeping with classmates and talking about life, is a happy life for readers. When it rains at night in Bashan, the candles in the west window are cut together, which is the bitterness of Li Shangyin and his wife Wang in the late Tang Dynasty; Liang Zhuhua butterfly, the same classmates have no guesses for three years, and the eighteen phases are sent to the end, which makes the readers love and break their hearts; the dream of the West Chamber comes true, Zhang Sheng's book and sword float in all directions, and the warbler loves and lives and dies together, so that the scholars of the world can read the taste of life; burning incense and pushing the window, and the exhibition is shared with the April day, which is the reading environment created by Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin. Reading books as adults and reading people into books is the empathy of ancient and modern literati.
A person should read a lot of books, just like making a lot of friends, in order to understand the flavors of the world. To get a book that is famous for hiding and spread to the same good is really a great achievement for a reader. There should be one or two or three or five books to accompany you for life, just as people have one or two lifelong friends and three or five life confidants. It can't be opened, it's all there. When I think about it, I will always be familiar with it and my heart will be as blazing as before.
Books that accompany life are trees that grow together in the stormy years. When I was a child, I read it as a small tree, when I read it as a pine, and in my later years, I read that it was a pine that was painted red by the sunset.
Three
Outside the environment, the mood is in it. Reading prophets is fun.
Drunk pen dance world, sleepy eyes look at the ancient and modern, between the lines of the charm of endless. The doctrines are compiled into scriptures, the ideas are bound into books, the Han Fu Chu words are beautiful and flashing, the Tang and Song poems are one song and three sighs; the subordinate seal is a grass pen walking the dragon and snake, and the Ouyan Liu Zhao is full of literary brilliance; the old Zhuang Confucius and Mencius are wise and profound, and the sons of a hundred schools of thought have their own unique trees; the poems and historical records are splendid, and the compendium of materia medica has been passed down through the ages. I looked at the broken walls, searched all over the remnants of the monument, took a look at the bright moon of Li Taibai, smoked a trace of Du Fu's autumn wind, and listened to a song of the company camp blowing the horn. When the Dream of Red Mansions woke up, the Three Kingdoms were still fighting fiercely. I traveled from the west and let it fall into the sea and turn over the river to say the water margin. This kind of beautiful realm is created for you by the writer, and it is sought by the reader himself. Only classics can give you classics and make you classics.
You have to read as you please. No desire, no restraint, is a good state for reading. Eager for quick success, not reading well. Darwin loved romance novels, and Roosevelt preferred detective novels. Some people like classic works, and some people appreciate the market. A subset of history, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, radish and cabbage have their own loves, spring and white snow do whatever you want, read what you want. Reading changes fate, and the first thing that changes is the heart. Reading calmly, reading unintentionally, reading only to enrich the spirit, comfort the soul, and nourish the heart, this is the fate of the heart. The plum wife and the crane book are friends, and the green vine moon is quiet, and the idle mentality can only read the forest in the sparse shadow. The ancient road west wind thin horse, pen inkstone bamboo simple scholar, lonely heart, Zhiyuan mood, can read the horse Zhiyuan in the lonely bard. Hold the scroll and listen to the heartbeat of the big beads and small beads falling on the jade plate, cover the scroll and compete to see the beautiful face that is still holding the pipa and half covering the face, and put the dust heart in the painting boat of the Qinhuai River and the cruise ship by the Xun River, so that the heart can be washed in the river and walked by the river, so that the sound of the oars and the sound of the piano can be read. Only when it is pleasing to the eye can it be refreshing, and it is good to read as you like. You can not be an idler, but you must not be idle, you can not be a fairy, but you cannot be a scholar. Go to Wuzhen Academy, read Xiao Tong's anthology, look at the wind in the rain, the rain in the wind, I don't know which piece is the Spring and Autumn Period, which is the poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and which drop is the lovesick tears of Prince Zhaoming. Go to the Chibi battlefield, read the nostalgia of Chibi, listen to the sound of the waves in the east of the river, see the romantic characters of the ages, and identify the traces of the previous dynasty from the sinking sand and halberds.
You have to pay attention to your reading. Resist temptation, endure loneliness, keep poverty, and withstand the test of a long time. Distinguish the academic chapters, examine the source of the mirror, need to walk alone on the secluded path, draw the cold spring alone, not disturbed by the window, not blinded by the red tent. Extensive reading should be miscellaneous, and special reading should be refined. Politics, classics, history and philosophy, science, engineering, agriculture, medicine and business, there are specializations in art, there are monographs for the wise, and there are specialties for scholars. If you are only for dabbling in browsing, banishing the soul, you might as well go on a boat in the sea of books, where the oars go, where the heart returns, the richer the reading, the better, your soul will be green and bright. If you want to find a unique way and explore the secluded and wonderful, it is advisable to focus on the rest of the vision, and dig towards a pit to the end, and there will definitely be a steady stream of clear springs. Whether it is erudite or specialized, it all depends on its own interest, and there is no risk of which is better or worse. But it can't be like a fisherman who fishes for three days and dries his nets for two days, such as a crab with eight legs and two claws but no settlement, and it is difficult to write a book. Buying countless books, opening countless heads, and not reading all of them is equivalent to not reading them. How can we concentrate on our minds? Although we cannot rush for quick success and quick profit, we can also achieve great success, and reading will increase knowledge and transform the world. Reading without a purpose is doing useless work. Read books that are relevant to you and beneficial to you, and you will get twice the result with half the effort. The sea of books is curious, the mountains are looking for flowers, looking east and west, a little look is fleeting, the book bag is like a sieve, not illiterate but also illiterate.
Reading must be meditative. Luo Yin in the Tang Dynasty has a poem that says, "The chicken window opens the book quietly at night, and the fish sill spreads the fishing wire in the spring", the chicken window refers to the study, and the night is really quiet. Lazy people read, and all lazy people are lazy when they read, and this "lazy" is to do something and not do something. Looking at the current society, it is bustling, coming and going, and there are few diligent people who read. Legs are diligent, walking in all directions non-stop, no time to study; hands are diligent, everywhere to take things that should not be taken, everywhere to entertain fox friends and dogs, too busy; mouth diligent, chattering, gobbling up food; brain diligent, have to work, good at pondering, exhausted brains, where do you still have the heart to read? body is not diligent, the heart is calm, in order to "the husband has thousands of books, why fake the south of the hundred cities", in order to live in the high hall, wine and feast is not in love, wealth is not greedy, the lights are red and green, the orchestra and silk and bamboo are not heard. Read the Qingjing in the Burrow, read the history of the Qing with the candle, the rough cloth, and the poetry and books in the belly are self-respecting. Seeing people with a lot of money without blushing, seeing people promoted without heartbeat, being in a flashy place, the heart is calm and naturally cool. Only by being lazy and diligent in reading can you concentrate.
Read with your heart. Reading is no different from enlightenment. Zen is an indescribable realm of meditation, the Tao is the Tao, the Tao is the Tao, and the Tao is not the Tao. Taste it carefully, turn it over, and when you encounter unbearable words and sentences, you must hold your breath and grind and play. A chapter that is completed in one go needs to be read in one glance and ten lines in one go. The words and sentences of some articles are like soldiers, like a thousand pounds, and they swallow thousands of miles like a tiger. Some articles are deep and subtle, the force penetrates the back of the paper, and it is necessary to sink the dantian, explore the acupuncture points, and find the right feeling. Alone with the ancient and modern sages across the air, silently communicated, the dust was not disturbed, and there was an artistic conception similar to the Sanskrit sound of the ancient temple. There is a real opportunity to read in the courtyard in the deep smell of the bell chime and the ethereal artistic conception of the Buddha's incense, and to understand the essence of life and the texture of wisdom, which is the real nourishment. The etymology flows backwards the Three Gorges water, the pen array swept the army of thousands of people, and only by tasting it with your heart can you nourish your qi and strengthen your momentum. Every time the sun and the moon pass over the shoulder, the mountains and rivers are seen in the palm of the hand, which is a vast atmosphere and a spectacular ambition. If you don't have to do it, how can you enlighten the Tao, how can you nourish your heart, qi, momentum, and ambition. If the book is so, so is the reader.
Reading is like a Range Rover, sowing the fragrance of Fangrui, the forest of green stripes, looking for the peaks and smoke of life in the horizontal and vertical horizontal and vertical hooks of gold and silver, and chewing the taste and experience of the world in the intestines of a song and three sighs. Life is not stopped, reading endlessly, so that people's hearts inhabit in the green shade, and the spirit climbs in the sunshine, which is the unattainable height of the basil chaffinch.
People are inevitably lonely on the journey, with a book in hand and friends in their eyes. Comfortable or sleepy, the long pavilion is shorter, and there is a light fan of the pages, so there is a rest of the soul. When you are sleepy, you close the door and hold the book and lean against the window, and when you are bored, you pan for gold in the sea of books and wait for the magpie to sing the branches.
The only way to solve your worries is to read. Read more books, the opportunity will come, the world is full of ferries, there are docks in life, why worry about no poetry and distance.
At least, there can be books, books can be read. Where there are books, there is everything.
Four
You can skip the store, but you can't go to the bookstore.
To read, you have to read good books, and you have to buy good books yourself. When you don't have money, you tighten your belt and go to buy books to read. When he had money, he stuffed his teeth first, fed his waist, and stopped studying. Lao She said that when his teeth were good, he couldn't eat peanuts, but now he has peanuts and beans, and his teeth are gone. He's talking about the readers.
Articles must be tempered, and books must be carefully selected. If you are in the mountains and seas full of cultural garbage, you can find a good book and get a good book, you really feel ecstatic. A book, a title, a sentence in a book, or the name of the author, or an illustration, is engraved in the brain like lightning in the night sky, lingering for many years. Reading one classic is better than reading a hundred mediocre works.
Buying a book is not the same as reading a book, and it doesn't necessarily have to be read to the end. It is not impossible to flip casually and let the wings of the soul take a short rest on the branches of a certain spring. Shelved in the pavilion, but always remembered, like a painting, hanging on a high wall, is a landscape. If you paint more, you will be a landscape again. Occasionally, I think of it, pull it out, and open it, like a feathered bird spreading its wings and flapping on the door of your heart. When the pen is ploughing, it is inevitable that the talent is exhausted, and the inspiration flashes at the fingertips in an instant.
To read a book, you must obtain the Fa, and to obtain the Fa is like enlightenment. Xunzi's exhortation proverbs are classic examples of teaching methods. Su Shi said, "I don't get tired of reading old books a hundred times, and I know myself when I read them deeply and think deeply...... If the soup is not boiled, use slow fire to warm it, and the more it is cooked, the more it will be cooked, the less familiar it will be", which means that the reading should be read through first, and then read intensively, first concentrate on a section, and then chew the good chapters slowly, and boil the broth for a reason, first boil it over high heat, and then boil it for a long time with a simmer, so as to be nutritious and endlessly delicious.
Reading must be written, which is the mountain motto of Yuelu Academy. The students had to lecture on the scriptures three times a day, read several pages of the "Compendium" every day, be familiar with current affairs and physics, refer to ancient texts and poems, and have to start writing. Good memory is not as good as a bad pen, Zhu pen long hold, circle a little bit, your profundity and wisdom, all on this pen. This "pen" is an electric tester, a lightning detector, a pH test paper, and a recorder, which can leave your electrocardiogram; if you use the pen to outline the essence of the author's pen, you will also circle their wisdom and connect your heart. Mao Zedong commented on the characters of "Twenty-four History", discussed the merits and demerits of Qin Shihuang and Confucius, and evaluated Shang Ying, Qu Yuan, Liu Bang, and Xiang Yu. Classics depict history, and reading makes great people.
Beautiful texts should be read repeatedly, and good books should be read often. After the circle, the essence is condensed and the context is clear. No matter how long the book is, you can read it short, and no matter how short the book is, you can read it long. It is a kind of realm to read a book thinner and thinner, to refine a thousand words into three words and two words, and to condense the words of the title into a huge rafter pen; this is also a kind of realm to read the book more and more thickly, to draw inferences from one another, to fold the bed frame house, to melt into the sweet, sour, bitter, spicy, pepper, monosodium glutamate, and the green mountain building outside the mountain. Reading from one book to another, or even reading a person, is a higher realm. That's what the writer is looking for.
The writer is also a reader, and when a book is completed, half of the work is completed, and the other half is waiting for the reader to finish. The article is eternal, and the gains and losses are known, and without the reader's intentions, the author's heart cannot be discovered. No matter how famous you are, you just draw a platform, and then give a pair of telescopes or microscopes, what you see, what you think, it's all up to the reader. A book from heaven that people on earth can't read, it's not a good book. A book that everyone can read and understand is not a good book, and it seems that only if you understand it can you understand it.
"Reading more than 10,000 volumes, writing like a god" refers to the relationship between reading and writing; "Reading 10,000 volumes and traveling thousands of miles, drinking a cup of a poem" refers to the relationship between knowledge and action; "If you don't read the world's books, you can't go all over the world, and you can't go down in vain," which makes the relationship between reading, action, and speech clear. What you have learned must be put into practice, so that you can be proficient in physical use. You don't need to read a book, it's a blank read. Walking without reading is blind movement. There is no new idea in reading according to the book, there is no creativity in sticking to the rules, it is reading dead books, dead reading; deep in the study, ignoring the sound of wind and rain, ignoring family affairs and state affairs, or leaving the world to sit and talk about the Tao, without going through the time to help the world, that is called reading useless. The Analects of Confucius says that "learning and excellence leads to learning" and "excellence leads to learning", these two sentences discuss the relationship between learning and progress, in fact, the second half of the sentence refers to much more clever than the first half of the sentence, especially in today's society. If you don't read it, you can't do it, you can't say it, this is the methodology of dialectical materialism. Reading books with words, reading books without words, learning from practice, learning from society, worshipping society as teachers, worshipping the people as teachers, is the true scripture of reading and the true meaning of life.
Reading is not only a human activity, but also a civilized activity. The habit and atmosphere of reading, the level and spirit of reading, reflect the state and prospects of a nation, a country, and a society. The quality of the people determines the quality of the country.
Photo by Sun Jieting
Cherishing one's own classics is cultural self-confidence, and respecting others' classics is cultural mind. Using books as soldiers to expand one's own culture is tantamount to cultural banditry; using literature as a beggar-and-beggar, drawing the ground as a prison, and building a fortress of civilization can only lead to estrangement and conflict. Blindly worshipping foreign countries and taking all imported products as Bibles is no different from selling your soul. Openness and inclusiveness, exchange and mutual learning, reading the world's classics, enjoying the fruits of civilization, respecting others in insisting on oneself, and maintaining independence while maintaining diversity are wise reading styles and cultural outlooks.
"The boy should follow his life's aspirations, and read the six classics to the window. "Rong Ma is handsome, the drums and horns are ringing, turning over the horse to kill the enemy, rolling off the saddle to read, many scholars fight the world, read the world, and cultivate a generation of civil and military Confucian generals, heroes among the people. Mao Zedong kept his hands on the scrolls all his life, holding millions of male soldiers in one hand and countless heroic classics in the other. Reading for the rise of China has become the ambition of that generation. From the lights of the Yan'an cave, the lights of Zhongnanhai, to the glimmer of the oil lamps in the Liangjiahe cave, reading has made a political party and a big country. Loving to read, reading good books, and being good at reading are becoming social trends. Learning to strengthen the country has become the concept of an era and the direction of a national phalanx.
Books are the cornerstone of building the cradle of civilization. Reading for all people is an upward attitude, an accessible mind, and an open way for a confident country to perceive the world.
No force can defeat a people who insist on studying.
Producer: Pi Jun Final Review: Chen Min Reviewer: Liu Xiao Liu Bowen Editor: Cao Shanshan Tamako