Xie Yanli Zhao Min, Department 1 and 4 of Special Service Diagnosis and Treatment of Characteristic Medical Center (formerly 306 Hospital).
Edited by Liu Yan/Cui Yan, Medical Science Popularization Center
Myocardial infarction is usually caused by atherosclerosis, and the disease is more common in middle-aged and elderly men. However, now, the incidence of myocardial infarction is younger, urbanized, more national, and socialized, and the youngest of the clinical patients is only in their 20s.
According to statistics, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in young people accounts for 3%~10% of the total number of patients with coronary heart disease, and in recent years, the incidence has increased, and acute myocardial infarction under the age of 45 accounts for 16% of all patients with acute myocardial infarction. Due to the slow progress of elderly patients, a considerable number of patients have established collateral circulation before myocardial infarction, and the heart has a certain compensatory ability in the event of an emergency, which can ensure partial blood supply, while young people often have no aura, sudden myocardial infarction does not have enough time to establish collateral circulation, and it is easy to die suddenly once the disease occurs.
Causes of high incidence of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged people
Young and middle-aged people generally think that they are young, and it is nothing to be tired and tired, they do not care about their bodies, and their incorrect lifestyle are all important reasons for the high incidence of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged people.
(1) Excessive smoking: Smoking can promote arteriosclerosis and increase the risk of myocardial infarction. On the other hand, smoking can also cause coronary artery constriction and spasm, leading to occlusion of blood vessels, resulting in myocardial infarction.
(2) Overeating: The esophagus and stomach are close to the heart, and too much eating will cause the blood vessels in the heart to constrict sharply and spasm.
(3) Overwork: The incidence of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged people is mainly mental workers, and some people do not rest for several days after working. This kind of irregular, overworked life can easily lead to coronary artery spasm and induce myocardial infarction.
(4) Excessive pressure: Life is fast-paced, and the pressure of work and life tends to be concentrated together. When people are nervous, they secrete a lot of adrenaline, which leads to vasoconstriction, rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve excitation, which can easily cause myocardial infarction.
(5) Staying up late for a long time: staying up late for a long time will cause excessive fatigue, overexcite the sympathetic nerve, cause stress cardiomyopathy, and may cause serious arrhythmia, similar to myocardial infarction, so staying up late for a long time has a very serious harm to the body.
To prevent myocardial infarction, pay attention to the following.
(1) Peace of mind: Usually live a regular life, go to bed early and get up early, sleep for 8 hours every night, avoid staying up late to work, avoid mental tension, joy and sorrow, and maintain a peaceful mind.
(2) Regular exercise: Adhere to moderate aerobic exercise according to personal preference, more than 30 minutes each time, at least three to five times a week, in order to maintain normal weight, enhance cardiopulmonary function, increase myocardial blood supply and the establishment of coronary collateral circulation.
(3) Balanced diet: The diet should be based on a nutritious and light diet, so that you can eat on time, eat modestly, avoid overeating, and replenish water in a timely manner, which can avoid the increase of blood viscosity and thrombosis. Eat more fresh melons and fruits, control sweets, eat a low-salt diet, eat less fried, fried, smoked, roasted and pickled foods, and do not eat too much.
(4) Quit smoking and drinking: Smoking and heavy drinking can induce acute myocardial infarction by inducing coronary artery spasm and increased myocardial oxygen consumption.
(5) Regular physical examination: Regular physical examination, early detection, early prevention and early treatment are helpful for early intervention of risk factors related to myocardial infarction, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, etc., so as to prevent the occurrence of myocardial infarction in young people.
(6) Active prevention and treatment: actively treat primary diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, etc. If there is sudden onset of chest pain, chest tightness (the pain is mostly squeezing, tight, and pressing), restlessness, sweating, nausea and vomiting, you should think of the possibility of acute myocardial infarction and should go to the hospital for treatment immediately.
(The picture comes from the Internet)