Daming Lake, a natural lake formed by the confluence of many springs, is also the largest spring lake in the world, one of the three major scenic spots in Jinan, known as the "Pearl of Spring City".
In the north of Baihuazhou, there is a tall archway, vermilion door post, eaves ridge, three steps are scattered, covered with yellow glazed tiles, the plaque is written "Daming Lake" three gilt characters, here is the south gate of Daming Lake. On both sides of the archway, there is a clear stream gurgling in each side, the east is the pearl spring group that flows through Baihuazhou, and the west side is the spring group of the Yingying Spring, the Hibiscus Spring and other springs flow into the Daming Lake through the Qushui Pavilion. The west of the lake is also connected to the water of Baotu Spring, Wulong Pond and Black Tiger Spring through a moat.
In ancient times, the north of Daming Lake reached Queshan Mountain, and the east reached Huashan, and the lake water was connected, and it was swallowed and swallowed. Li Bai traveled to Queshan and Huashan by boat, and he wrote in the poem: "The lake is dozens of miles wide, and the lake shakes the blue mountains." Later, the city wall was built, the Xiaoqing River was opened, and the lake was drained into a lake in the city.
There is a wharf in the north of the archway, and on both sides are large lotus flowers, lotus leaf fields, slim and elegant, like a small umbrella that is opened. If you come in summer, the lotus flowers are in full bloom, either red or white, complementing each other, like fairies descending to earth. At the end of the Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Hao, the leader of the literary circle, asked Zeng Fu "Linjiang Immortal" to praise and said: "Where is the lotus leaf and lotus good, the new autumn on Daming Lake." Red-makeup emerald cover magnolia boat. The country is picturesque, and the characters are more romantic. ”
There is the island in the middle of the lake in the northeast of the wharf, there is the pavilion under the calendar on the island, the red pillar green tile, the octagonal heavy eaves, the volley is about to fly, the three red background gold characters on the forehead of the pavilion "the pavilion under the calendar" is the imperial pen of the Qianlong Emperor. The nearby Imperial Tablet Pavilion is engraved with Qianlong's poem "Daming Lake Inscription": "In Fangzhou City, between the pavilions and paintings. Du Ju has been called ancient, and the spring outing is even leisurely. "Du sentence" here, refers to Du Fu's poem of visiting Daming Lake, Tang Tianbao four years, poetry saint Du Fu and Beihai Taishou Li Yong, once feasted in the pavilion, Du Fu impromptu recited "accompany Li Beihai banquet under the pavilion" poem, left a famous sentence of "the right of the sea this pavilion, Jinan famous people". The famous calligrapher He Shaoji inscribed it on both sides of the pavilion door as a couplet, the handwriting is vigorous and vigorous, which can be described as a perfect combination.
There is a garden on the west side of the wharf, there is Jiaxuan Temple on the west side of the garden, the plaque above the gate "Xin Jiaxuan Memorial Temple" is inscribed by Marshal Chen Yi, the bamboo shadow in the courtyard moves the wall, and the pomegranate flower overflows. Passing through the second courtyard, there are three main halls in the north, and the couplet of the pillar "the iron plate copper peggio follows the east slope and sings the great river to the east, and the beauty of the celery and the sorrow of the Southern Song Dynasty Mo flies south with the wild goose", inscribed for Mr. Guo Moruo. In the middle of the hall is the bronze statue of Xin Qiji, and his life deeds are hung on the four walls. Xin Qiji, the word You'an, the number Jiaxuan, a native of Jinan Licheng, launched an anti-Jin uprising in his youth, and bravely captured the rebel general Zhang Anguo among the ten thousand troops. Xin Qiji successively served as the prefect of Chuzhou, Jiangling, Nanchang, Fuzhou, Shaoxing, Zhenjiang and Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, eastern Zhejiang and other places.
Cross the Yuhan Bridge, Longquan Pond and Mandarin Duck Pavilion, come to the northwest shore of Daming Lake, and there is an iron ancestral hall in front of you. The ancestral hall lives in the northeast corner of the courtyard, faces three rooms, and the bronze statue of Tie Xuan is provided in the ancestral hall. Tie Xuan once served as the secretary of the Ming Military Department and the political envoy of Shandong. In the second year of the Ming Dynasty, the battle of Jingyan, Zhu Di, the king of Yan, sent troops to the south, Tie Xuan insisted on Jinan and would rather die than surrender, and the descendants built a shrine to show his "loyalty".
The whole courtyard is surrounded by a curved corridor, on both sides of the door of the west corridor, inlaid with the couplet inscribed by Liu Fenghe, the governor of Shandong, and Tiebao, the governor of Shandong: "lotus flowers on all sides and willows on three sides, a city with mountains and half a city lake", which has become a famous sentence to describe the style of Jinan.
In the southwest corner of the ancestral hall, there is a small Canglang Pavilion. Its pavilion is half-immersed in the lake, resting on the mountain and flying eaves, and there is a fence around the railing. Liu He once described the scenery here in "The Travels of the Old Remnant": "When I arrived in front of the Iron Gong Temple, I looked down, and who knew that the Ming Lake was as clear as a mirror. The reflection of the Thousand Buddha Mountains is reflected in the lake, which is clear. "Foshan Reflection" is one of the eight scenic spots in Jinan, but unfortunately there are several high-rise buildings in the middle to block the view, and "Foshan Reflection" is rare to see.
On the high platform on the north shore of Daming Lake, there is a Arctic Pavilion of Cui Wei Senran, which enshrines the Emperor Xuanwu, the god of the North Heaven, and is the largest existing Taoist temple in Jinan City. The view was built in the Yuan Dynasty, the main hall is in the center, the east and west are equipped with the palace, and the entrance hall is the second floor of the bell and drum. The ginkgo biloba in the courtyard is tall and clear. In front of the Arctic Pavilion, there are two bluestone ramps, from a platform of about ten meters high, diagonally through 36 steps to the ground, here has become a children's paradise, two bluestone slabs are polished by the children to shine.
Walking to the northeast shore of Daming Lake, there is an antique Nanfeng Temple, which was built to commemorate the Northern Song Dynasty writer Zeng Gong. The ancestral hall is composed of a large hall, a theater, a water pavilion, a verandah and other buildings. On the south side of the lake is the existing large ancient theater building in Jinan, Nanfeng Opera Building, where tourists can enjoy tea and rest. The north hall is the Nanfeng ancestral hall, there is a statue of Zeng Gong standing in the hall, the wide robe and long sleeves, the crown and the belt, holding the scroll, elegant and chic, is carved with Nanfeng camphor.
Zeng Gong, the word Zigu, Jiangxi Nanfeng people, known as Mr. Nanfeng, Song Shenzong Xining four years in June as Qizhou Taishou, Zeng Gong has built a number of pavilions, bridges and weirs around Daming Lake, dredged Daming Lake, left the North Water Gate, Baihua Embankment, Lishan Hall, Luoyuan Hall and other places of interest and more than 70 poems and texts, deeply loved by the people. When he was transferred out of Qizhou, the people "stayed behind closed doors until the night." Later generations built "Zeng Gong Ancestral Hall" and "Huibo Building" near the North Water Gate to commemorate.
Huibo Tower is close to the north of Nanfeng Temple and is built on the wall of North Water Gate. In the fifth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to control the flood, Zeng Gong presided over the construction of the North Water Gate, and the gate was set up with a gate to adjust the water level, which also created the legend of the "Four Monsters" of Minghu. Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty recorded in the "Chronicles of Licheng County": "The lake is out of the city, and it is good at Qiyu. The difference is that the constant rain does not rise, the drought does not dry up for a long time, the snake is gone, and the frog does not sing. This is the well-known "four monsters" of Daming Lake in Jinan - the snake is gone, the frog does not sing, the rain does not rise, and the drought does not dry up.
There is a beautiful legend about the strange phenomenon that frogs do not sing and snakes do not sing in Daming Lake. Legend has it that Emperor Qianlong came to Jinan and met with Xia Yuhe on the shore of Daming Lake in the Yuhe Pavilion. The croaking of the frog and the snake affected the true dragon Tianzi, so he issued an order that "the snake returns to the hole, and the frog does not sing". Since then, there are no snakes in Daming Lake, and no frogs can be heard. On the southeast side of Nanfeng Temple, there is indeed a painting boat type "Rain Lotus Pavilion", carved beams and painted buildings, green tile cornices, it is said that it is the place where Emperor Qianlong and Xia Yuhe met. A line in "Huanzhu Gege": "Your Majesty, do you still remember the summer rain lotus on the shore of Daming Lake back then?" Make this an internet celebrity check-in place.
Of course, this is just a legend. The author thinks that the reason why frogs do not call should be related to the fact that the lake water comes from the spring water, which has a constant temperature, about 18 °C all year round, and the water quality is cool. Snakes are cold-blooded animals and hibernate when the temperature is low, which is not conducive to the survival of snakes. Frogs generally chirp during the estrus courtship, and the water temperature for frogs to come into heat is more than 22°C, so this peculiar phenomenon occurs. What is the truth? Let the biologists unravel this mystery of natural ecology.
As for the water of Daming Lake, "the rain does not rise, and the drought does not dry up for a long time", it is the credit of Beishuimen. The terrain of Jinan is high in the south and low in the north, the water of the southern mountains and springs is vented in the north of the city, and the north gate is often flooded inside and outside. Zeng Gong built the North Water Gate Sluice, the sluice gate can be "depending on the height of the water and close it", the lake water flows out naturally from the top of the sluice, the amount of water in and out is balanced, and the bottom of the lake is composed of impermeable igneous rock, so the perennial water level is kept consistent, and it will not dry up. In case of heavy rain, the sluice gates can be opened to release water, and there will be no flooding. Zeng Gong wrote in "The Legend of the North Water Gate of Qizhou": "The water barrier outside and inside should be passed, and they are all in their own sections, and people have no worries." "Beishuimen solves the problem of flooding that plagues the north of Jinan, and has remained intact for thousands of years, and is still playing a role in the flood discharge and storage of Daming Lake, becoming an important source of Xiaoqing River, which can be regarded as a masterpiece of ancient Chinese water conservancy engineering.
Huibo Tower is built on the city wall above the North Water Gate, it is a two-storey city tower type building on the cliff rest mountain, the face is seven rooms wide, the wing angle hangs the mountain, the Danzhu green tile, majestic and magnificent. Zhang Yanghao, a composer in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote a note for it: "Gai Jinan is victorious, but Dengzi Lou can get its all." "Standing on the temple platform, the lake and mountains are in full view. Overlooking by the railing, the South Mountain is like Dai; Looking at Quehua in the north, the Yellow River is like practice. Looking down on the Ming Lake, the smoke is vast. If you ascend in the evening, the sky is full of glow, the water and the sky are one color, the floating light leaps gold, poetic and picturesque, this is one of the eight views of Jinan. ”
In the east of Daming Lake, there is also a small East Lake, so the ancients also called Daming Lake the West Lake. Between the two lakes, there is a dike, which is connected by four bridges: Baihua Bridge, Ningxue Bridge, Zhuyun Bridge and Nanfeng Bridge. The flowers on the embankment are splendid, the willow waves are full of warblers, this is the hundred flowers embankment built by Zeng Gong, also known as the Zeng embankment. Zeng Gong wrote a poem to remember: "Like sand in jade water, who is Beihu Road? Surrounded by a hundred flower forests, the fragrance is full of dew. Between the green poplar shade, the fragrant wind turns to dusk. "Zeng Di lingering water" is one of the eight views of Ming Lake, the world compares it with the West Lake Su Causeway, in fact, Su Shi was inspired after seeing the Hundred Flower Causeway in Daming Lake, and then built the West Lake Su Causeway.
In the southeast of Baihua Causeway, there is a tall transcendent building, which is located on the wide white marble stone base, with seven floors up and down, covered with copper tiles, towering and magnificent, it is the highest landmark building of Daming Lake, and is known as "the first building in Jiangbei". The name of the building imitates the transcendent platform built by Su Shi and named by Su Zhe, and takes the meaning of "Tao Te Ching" "although there is a view of glory, Yan is transcendent". Whenever the lights are on, the lights upstairs are bright, the downstairs is crowded, and the spring city night banquet is bright and bright, the fire trees and silver flowers, and the lake is rippling, which is very spectacular, and has become another Internet celebrity check-in place that has become popular in recent years.
Chaoran building around Tingzhou densely, between Tingzhou, there are stone arch bridges connected, here is the famous "Seven Bridges Fengyue", by Quehua, Furong, Shuixi, Beichi, Baihua, Qiuliu, Huxi and other seven stone bridges are composed, one bridge and one scene, each has its own characteristics. Some stone arches are round, some are classical and square, some are magnificent, and some are simple and simple. Seven stone bridges span the water, such as jade ribbons floating, and the boat travels in the meantime, as if entering the water town in the south of the Yangtze River. There is a water street in the middle that winds through, the water fragrance pavilion, the smoke and rain hall, the leisurely pavilion, the Erlang temple and so on are dotted in the meantime, the pampas reeds are thick, the heron swims and the birds sing, the kite flies and the fish jumps, the small bridge flows water, quite poetic and picturesque. After Zeng Gong left Jinan, he still remembered this: "The family must swim to Xi Chi, and it is difficult to put the West Lake in ten autumns." Since then, the wind and the moon of the seven bridges, the dream soul has grown to the Mulan boat. Between the lines, it is full of nostalgia for Daming Lake.
In the green shade of Tingzhou, Water Street, there are scattered ancient buildings with blue bricks and tiles, such as Qiuliu Family, Qiuliu Garden, Minghu Residence, Yubin Mansion and Lao She Memorial Hall. When Mr. Lao She was teaching at Qilu University, he left behind popular American texts such as "Baotu Spring" and "Winter in Jinan", but he only complained a little about Daming Lake. At that time, because of the encirclement of the lake to create fields, planting rice and planting lotus roots, the water surface was narrow, Mr. Lao She wrote in "The Spring of Daming Lake": "It is neither big, nor unknown, nor a lake. "If we could take back all the 'land', tear down the earth dam, and dig deeper into the lake, of course it would be able to become big and clear at once. ”
Later, Daming Lake has undergone many dredging to broaden the water surface, and repaired the landscapes such as Chaoran Building, Yubin Mansion, Autumn Willow Smoke, Seven Bridges and Wind and Moon, and the area of Daming Lake Scenic Area has exceeded more than 100 hectares. The current Daming Lake is big, bright and bright, and the dream of Mr. Lao She has now become a reality. (Source: Qilu Evening News)