In recent years, with the large-scale and standardized development of China's photovoltaic industry, China's photovoltaic installed capacity has increased more than expected, and since 2021, distributed has been keeping pace with centralized one, supporting half of the domestic photovoltaic market demand, and the installed capacity of household photovoltaic has also grown significantly. By the end of 2023, the installed capacity of residential PV in mainland China was 43.5GW, accounting for 20% of the installed capacity in 2023, an increase of 80% year-on-year.
Compared with centralized, industrial and commercial forms, residential PV has several obvious advantages. 1. Household photovoltaic systems usually rely on the roofs of rural households, and the property rights of roofs are clear; 2. Compared with large-scale ground power stations with megawatts as the capacity unit at every turn, the total investment amount of household photovoltaic is generally small; 3. The installation is relatively simple, and the process of approval and acceptance is short, and the procedures are simple. Fourth, taking into account agriculture-related and poverty alleviation factors, the state still retains a certain proportion of financial subsidies for household photovoltaic in some areas. However, with the development of household photovoltaic in full swing, household chaos is frequent.
Capital has entered the game, and the competition for household resources is fierce
In 2015, the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council identified "photovoltaic poverty alleviation" as one of the top ten targeted poverty alleviation projects, mainly using the abundant sunlight resources in poor areas to generate electricity and sell electricity to help local people get rid of poverty, and in June 2021, the National Energy Administration issued the "county-wide promotion" policy, to rapidly promote distributed photovoltaic across the country, and distributed photovoltaic everywhere.
However, the installation fee of rooftop photovoltaic projects ranges from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands, and it is difficult for many people to come up with this cash immediately. With the development of the residential photovoltaic market, financial leasing institutions such as CDB Financial Leasing, Huaxia Financial Leasing, and CITIC Financial Leasing have entered the market. At present, the cooperation and co-construction and pure leasing model have basically become the mainstream development mode of various household platform enterprises.
The entry of capital has intensified the competition for rooftop resources, sending refrigerators, electric vehicles, and increasing subsidies...... In addition, due to the rapid development of household photovoltaic in recent years, the proportion of low-voltage access is too high, the carrying capacity of the power grid is limited, and the capacity of the household market in some areas has peaked, and the battle for household photovoltaic has intensified.
According to incomplete statistics, in the 2024 Jinan Photovoltaic Exhibition, there will be more than 30 household platform companies exhibited, in addition, there are cross-border photovoltaic companies such as Haier and Midea.
The capacity has peaked, and the photovoltaic power generation is limited
Under the goal of "carbon neutrality", the photovoltaic market is hot, and a large number of cross-border players have purchased or built photovoltaic power stations, and household power stations with a short construction period have obvious advantages. At the same time, the influx of capital has accelerated the development of the household market, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Fujian, Shanxi...... Household photovoltaics are blooming everywhere in various provinces. Yuexiu Leasing alone will invest 20 billion yuan in the residential market in 2023, and the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power plants launched by Yuexiu Leasing will reach 4.05GW. In 2024, Yuexiu aims to invest 30 billion yuan, and the new installed capacity is expected to reach 8.5GW.
Among them, Henan, a major province with a large installed capacity of residential photovoltaics, will have an installed capacity of nearly 10GW in 2023, and the installed capacity of Shandong and Jiangsu will also be about 5GW.
On the one hand, roof resources have peaked in some areas, and the stamina for household development is insufficient; more importantly, the capacity of transformers has peaked in some areas, and photovoltaic consumption has become a problem, and even some areas have implemented "power rationing" for household photovoltaics.
At the end of 23 years, Henan first sent out the news of household power restriction, 9 a.m. - 1 p.m. photovoltaic power generation is 0, that is, photovoltaic power generation is not allowed; 24 March, Luohe in the transmission of the news of the limit, in the 10:00-16:00 photovoltaic power generation of the highest period, limited to 6 hours, in addition, Shangqiu, Shandong Dezhou and some areas of Hebei are also limited to send news.
Layers of agents, easy to get on the ship, difficult to get off the ship
In order to better develop business in the local area, photovoltaic dealers usually join layer by layer, and the bottom sales are usually locals, and the household photovoltaic market has formed an operating model of investors + banking institutions + household enterprises + agents.
However, as the competition in the residential market has become more and more fierce, some brands have withdrawn from the residential market. Since 2023, the "red zone" in various provinces has appeared frequently, and in the face of the current situation that it is no longer possible to install photovoltaics, some installers want to find platform providers to refund their deposits and withdraw from the household market. You can refuse to return the deposit on the grounds of unqualified acceptance, change of agent area, etc., and even worse, your upper-level agent may "run away" before you.