Professor Chen Zhengui has published 100 books, including 10 university textbooks and two national planning textbooks. He has published more than 1,000 poems.
Shangsheng Fan Li's three major contributions to China
Author: Professor Chen Zhengui
【Profile】
Fan Li (536 B.C. - 448 B.C.), the name Shaobo, a native of Chu in the late Spring and Autumn Period, was a famous politician, military strategist, economist and strategist in Chinese history. Fan Li is a legend with a strong character, his life has been full of ups and downs, from cloth cloth to general, from exile to tycoon, with perseverance and far-sighted strategy, assisted Gou Jian to restore the dying Yue Kingdom, eliminate the hegemony of the princes of Wu State, and create a miracle of helping the crisis and tilting down. After helping the Yue King Goujian to restore the country, he retired and traveled to various places three times to get rich in business, leaving the story of "three to a thousand gold", and was known as the "business saint".
Fan Li is a legendary figure. His life was full of ups and downs, from cloth cloth to general, from exile to tycoon, with perseverance and far-sighted strategy, he assisted Gou Jian to revive the dying Yue Kingdom, eliminate the Wu State that dominated the princes, and create a miracle of helping the crisis and stabilizing the tilt, and was an outstanding strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period.
Fan Li's life can be divided into three stages. The first stage was his stage as a doctor of the Yue Kingdom, and he assisted the Yue King Goujian to help the Yue Kingdom defeat the Wu State and realize the great cause of recovering the country. The second stage was the period of his statesmanship, he served as the prime minister of the country of Vietnam, and implemented a series of reform measures to make the country rich and strong. The third stage was his journey as a businessman, where he quit his job and became a great businessman.
Fan Li was born poor, but others are poor, study hard, have lofty ambitions, learn rich five cars, know astronomy, know geography, full of economy, Wen Tao Wu strategy, everything is fine. However, at that time, the politics of Chu were dark, and officials were selected, and non-aristocratic classes were not allowed to be officials. Fan Likong has a literary talent and no way to be promoted, but when he turns his head and ponders, without a background, creating a reputation may be another way. So Fan Li began to deliberately wander into shape, often doing things differently from others, and speaking made the people around him "unconscious". Fan Li's "crazy and crazy" behavior finally made him get the name of "Chu Madman", and the neighbors called him "Fan Crazy".
When Fan Li was 20 years old, Wen Chong became the leader of Nanyang. I heard that Fan Li was talented, and I was even more curious about the name of "Fan Maniac", so I came to visit. In this way, Fan Li and Chu Wanling knew each other and had a deep relationship. The two were like-minded and defected to the country together. In the country of Yue, Fan Li met Ji Ran, a famous strategist and economist who traveled in Vietnam. Ji Ran was a student of Lao Tzu, who had studied from Lao Tzu and Confucius when he was young, and then traveled around the world and indulged in mountains and rivers, thus summing up the supreme truth of all things changing and forming his own set of doctrines. Fan Li worshiped Jiran as a teacher and studied diligently the strategy of governing the country and the military. Ji Ran taught Fan Li seven strategies, Fan Li in the period of assisting the king of Yue, with five of them to help Gou Jian Xingyue country, destroy the Wu country, a snow will be ashamed, the achievement of hegemony. He was named a doctor, a minister, and a general. After becoming famous, he retreated bravely, and his pseudonym was Yizipi, wandering between the seventy-two peaks. During this period, he became rich three times in business and scattered his family wealth three times. Later, he settled in Taoqiu of the Song Kingdom (now south of Dingtao District, Heze City, Shandong Province), and called himself "Tao Zhu Gong", in 448 BC, Fan Li died at the age of 88.
In the third year of the Tang Dynasty (782), he enjoyed the Wucheng Wang Temple, and was posthumously awarded one of the sixty-four generals in ancient and modern times (the sixty-four generals of the Wucheng Wang Temple); During the Song Dynasty, it was worthy of enjoying the Wu Temple.
The world is known for: "Loyalty to the country, wisdom to protect oneself, business to get rich, and become famous all over the world." Because of Fan Li's hard work in his life, three to a thousand gold, and can widely distribute money to help the poor, and indifferent to fame and fortune of the image of businessmen, as well as the huge influence of business ideas and theories, after Fan Li's death, gradually respected by later generations as the God of Wealth, business saints, business ancestors, many businessmen are worshipping his statues, portraits. Fan Li is a descendant of Fan Wuzi, the ancestor of the Fan surname, and is regarded as the ancestor of the Shunyang Fan family.
【Major Contributions】
1. Fan Li's business ideas and business theories have been influencing future generations
Fan Li was an important figure in the field of business in ancient China, and his business ideas and theories were of great significance to China's business development. Fan Li's business ideas and theories are mainly reflected in his writings and business practice. Fan Li's works mainly include: "Tao Zhu Gong Eighteen Decisions on Business", "Tao Zhu Gong Twelve Rules for Business", "Tao Zhu Gong Business and Financial Management Twelve Precepts", "Tao Zhu Gong Business Training", as well as "Lu's Materia Medica", "Fish Farming Scripture", "Ji Ran Chapter" and so on.
Fan Li's business wisdom is mainly reflected in his business theory and practice. He believes that businessmen should follow the principle of "six affairs", that is, "to complete the goods, to pay the price, to make profits, to sell quickly, to make a reputation, and to use them in a loose manner". He also put forward the "principle of accumulation", that is, the principle of accumulating wealth, and believed that businessmen should realize their value through the accumulation of wealth.
Fan Li's seven principles of making a fortune: predict the market and grasp the opportunity. Buy cheaply and sell expensively, but don't look for the highest and lowest points, it's almost fine. Genuine, reasonable profits. Small profits but quick turnover, dare not be expensive. Drought is a boat, and water is a car. Diversification and comprehensive operation. Let the virtuous enable, love the people-oriented.
Tao Zhu gets rich "Twelve Commandments": Don't be ugly, don't be vain, don't be gentle, don't be strong, don't be lazy, don't be stubborn, don't be light, don't be greedy, don't be funny, don't be thin, don't be ignorant, don't be stupid.
Tao Zhu five-character business training: heaven, earth, people, gods, ghosts. Heaven: It is the innate wisdom and the foundation of business. Earth: For the day after tomorrow, rely on integrity. People: for benevolence and righteousness, know how to make trade-offs, and pay attention to "gentlemen love talents, and take them in the right way". God: Be brave and strong, be bold in trouble, dare to dare to do. Ghost: For scheming, the technique is active, and it can "turn over your hands for clouds, and cover your hands for rain".
Tao Zhugong's business "three strategies and three strategies": "Three Strategies": 1. "Human Strategy", employing people must be right, loyalty and treachery will be abolished. Be cautious in major matters, and suffer great harm in vain. Treat people with jealousy, and have few irritable transactions. Quiet affairs, impetuous and mishap. Words and deeds should be harmonious, and harmony can make money. Be diligent in doing things, lazy and wasteful. 2. "Strategy", the use of the degree should be thrifty, and the luxury of wealth fails. The workmanship should be fine, and the rough products are inferior. The delivery date should be accurate, and the sloppiness will lose credit. Transactions should be fast, delays and missed opportunities. The purchase should be strict, and the price of indiscriminate purchase should be reduced. The cashier should be cautious, and there are many scribbling mistakes. 3. The advantages and disadvantages of "Material Strategy" should be clear, and the confusion and loss are large. The storage should be neat, scattered and difficult to check. The price should be clear, vague and controversial. If you owe money on credit, you will be judged indiscriminately. The accounts must be cleared, and confusion and disadvantages will arise. Audit the accounts diligently, slack off the principal. "Three Strategies": 1. "Cargo Strategy", 2. "Price Strategy", 3. "Market Strategy". The principle of accumulation, the completion of things, the judgment of the noble and the cheap, interest-free coins. Fan Li's "three strategies" is the principle of accumulating wealth, and he summarized it into three points: finishing things, judging the noble and low, and interest-free coins. This means that the quality of goods should be perfect, and the law of price changes should be paid attention to, and the flow of money should not be stopped. Finishing things is the core of the "Cargo Strategy", he said: "Trade in things, and don't keep the food goods, no one dares to be expensive." "Judging the noble and the cheap is the core of the "Price Strategy", and the price issue is quite complicated.
Fan Li paid attention to the impact of prices on economic development, and put forward the problem of "grain cheapness hurts the people, and grain is expensive and hurts the end", so that agriculture, industry and commerce can obtain benefits by adjusting prices. This kind of thinking is still applicable today, and in modern economic construction, it is also necessary to coordinate the development of various departments and promote economic prosperity through a reasonable price mechanism.
Fan Li advocated the use of the "flattening" method to control prices. He hoped that grain would be stored through the state and sold at a parity in poor years. This kind of thinking has a positive practical significance for modern national grain reserves. In this way, prices can be effectively controlled and social stability can be ensured.
Fan Li's economic thought has a great influence, and many of the concepts he also put forward, such as "persuading farmers to mulberry and accumulating grain", "concurrently operating at the end of agriculture", "completing things, interest-free currency", etc., still have positive significance in today's modern economic construction.
Fan Li's business philosophy is very worthy of our learning. He advocates honest management, and believes that businessmen should be honest-based and customer-centric in order to win the market and reputation. He also emphasized innovation and change, believing that businessmen should be good at discovering changes in the market, seizing opportunities, and having the courage to innovate in order to be invincible in the fierce market competition. In addition, Fan Li also advocates win-win cooperation, believing that businessmen should know how to share benefits and work together with others for common development.
Fan Li advocates choosing a good business environment first, seizing the opportunity, doing things that are prepared and moving according to the times. Knowing the supply and demand of goods and the market situation can make more accurate decisions.
When purchasing goods, it is necessary to adhere to the theory of sales, take the price at the premium, and appropriately control the price, so that both the peasants and the businessmen can obtain benefits. Fan Li also advocates the concept of small profits but quick turnover, not seeking huge profits but pursuing integrity and righteousness. He advocated rational storage of goods, accelerated capital turnover, and guaranteed quality of goods to achieve greater profits.
Fan Li's business practice has been very successful. He made a fortune in agriculture in the Qi kingdom and became the richest man in the world by running a business in Taoyi. His business success not only allowed him to accumulate a large amount of wealth, but also earned him the respect of society.
Fan Li's business talents have been fully developed. With his extraordinary wisdom and keen market insight, he quickly rose to prominence. His business grew bigger and bigger, and his wealth grew. However, Fan Li did not indulge in money and fame, he always maintained a humble and low-key heart. He believes that business success is not just a personal effort, but also needs to adapt to the right time and place. Therefore, he attributed his success to "knowing the destiny of heaven, knowing the current affairs, planning things in people, and achieving things in heaven".
Fan Li's business ideas and relatively complete business theories summed up from practice have a great impact on his contemporaries and future generations. Whether it was in the past or now, whether it is a businessman or an official, they all draw healthy nutrition from his think tank and serve business and government. Among the people who were most influenced by Fan Li's business ideas and theories, it was Goujian, the king of Yue. King Yue adopted Fan He's "Shangjia" policy of rejuvenating the country from his own national conditions, knowing that Fan Zhidao could revitalize the country and complete the task of revenge. Gou Jian made great efforts, "governed the south of the Yangtze River, captured Wu in seven years", established hegemony, and rejuvenated the country with "businessmen". During the Warring States Period, Bai Gui was influenced by Fan Li's small profits and quick turnover, and summed up the experience of "if you want to grow money, take down the grain" from practice. He deals in daily necessities such as "lower grains", and although the profit is not high, the price of grain is higher than that of the general market when it is harvested in good years, and lower than that of the general market when it is sold in poor years. In this way, the turnover is accelerated, the small profits are quick turnover, and the "accumulation rate is doubled" is also obtained. Bai Gui was also influenced by the combination of Fan Li's "time break" and "wisdom decision" in choosing trade partners, and also believed that agricultural harvest was related to climate, and put forward the "agricultural economic cycle theory" that there is a cycle of time and abundance. Taking advantage of the price difference between a good year and a bad year can be multiplied. After Fan Li left Tao Yue, there was a poor man from Lu who heard that Tao Zhu Gong was very rich, and asked for skills. Fan Li replied: "If the son wants to get rich quickly, he should be a livestock (referring to mares, cows, ewes, sows, and dogs). "Yidun according to the plan, ten years of its interest is incalculable, since then well-known all over the world. Fan Li's business ideas not only influenced the Spring and Autumn Period, but also continued to future generations and today. Fan Li's proposition that there should be a reasonable range of price rises and falls, and the policy of setting grain prices by the state, was imitated by Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. This is because this kind of policy of having the state regulate and control grain prices is conducive to "making profits at the end of the farm" and has played a role in stabilizing grain prices, stabilizing people's minds, and stabilizing society.
2. Fan Li's philosophy of life has had a profound impact on later generations
China's 5,000-year history is vast and colorful, and many successful politicians and businessmen have emerged, but only Fan Li has the most perfect and successful life. He is loyal and wise, has a clear view of people and things, and is a rare person in history who lives clearly and thoroughly. He was strategic, talented, regarded money and power as dung, and had a perfect personality that Chinese scholars generally pursued imitation. In the first half of his life, he assisted a country on the verge of extinction to become one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. In the second half of his life, he was rich in the world three times in 19 years, with a wealth of more than a thousand gold, and when the country was in danger and the people were displaced, he scattered his family wealth to help the common people, and was worshiped as the god of literature and wealth by the world.
Fan Li's life trajectory: 1. Less ambition and perseverance. From ancient times to the present, all those who can achieve a career are all people who have set great ambitions since childhood and can move forward firmly towards the goal in their hearts. Fan Li has the grand ambition of governing the country and leveling the world. It's a pity that the politics of Chu were dark at that time, and officials were selected, and non-aristocratic classes were not allowed to be officials. In order to realize his political ambitions, Fan Li resolutely left the state of Chu and joined the virtuous people. 2. Self-cultivation and morality, loyalty and righteousness. "Small wins rely on wisdom, big wins rely on virtue". The results achieved by virtue of small cleverness will only be temporary, and if you want to achieve great things, you still have to rely on your own virtue. Wu Wangfu knew that Fan Li was a great talent, and persuaded Fan Li to leave Goujian several times and confer the title of lord, but Fan Li was unmoved. During the three years of being a slave, Fan Li worked with Goujian, coarse food, lying salary, and did not forget the difference between the monarchs and ministers of Goujian, always respecting the lord and protecting the lord, three years as one, never abandoned, so that King Wu both praised and envied. 3. To be a man, we must have the ability to pioneer, but also have the wisdom of a good death. After the complete destruction of the Wu State, Gou Jian held a celebration banquet to divide the meritorious heroes, Fan Liguan was the supreme general, only under Gou Jian, and above the hundred officials. Fan Li resolutely resigned from Gou Jian, and Gou Jian retained Fan Li on the condition of dividing the country equally. But Fan Li calmly analyzed the situation: the world is already peaceful, and it is dangerous to make the king feel threatened, and after many years of getting along, Fan Li found that Gou Jian is a person who can only share hardships and hardships, not wealth and nobility. So he wrote to his friend: "The birds are exhausted, the good bow is hidden, the cunning rabbit is dead, and the lackeys are cooking." "Persuade him to leave Yue as soon as possible. He quietly left Goujian with his wife and children and went to Qi State. 4. Move according to the times, morality on the shoulder. Fan Li arrived in the country of Qi, bought land by the sea, farmed and fished, opened salt fields, and did business, and soon became a huge rich, appreciated by the people of Qi, and was worshiped by the king of Qi as the prime minister. Three years later, the country of Qi was rich and the people were strong, and the people worshipped Fan Li as a god. Fan Li understood that it was ominous to be in a high position and respected for a long time, so he hung up the seal and sealed the gold, scattered all the family wealth, and moved to Dingtao. Within a few years, Fan Li became rich again through business accumulation. The local people all respect Tao Zhu Gong as the god of wealth, to the ancient years, the family wealth is comparable to the country, the children and grandchildren are full, and he died without illness at the age of 88.
Throughout Fan Li's life, he was the best twice, rich more than a thousand gold three times, and helped the world every time he was rich enough to help the world, but soon after he quickly reached a thousand gold. When he was in politics, Fan Li pursued the loyalty of a courtier, and when he was a businessman, he fulfilled the conscience of a businessman. Fan Li can really be described as a wise man who is ambitious and sympathetic to the world. Fan Li's life was not only accompanied by brilliance, but also had a bad career and struggled, falling into the dust and becoming a slave. He also faced a difficult choice between honor and disgrace and life and death. When all kinds of difficulties in life come like a mess of stones, he does not move, completely solves them with a transparent and open-minded heart, and finally achieves himself.
The core of Fan Li's wisdom in life: 1. Look far when you are young, see through when you are middle-aged, and look down when you are old!2. Be ambitious, be able to bend and stretch, move forward with tenacity, do not succumb to difficulties, and firmly believe that only patience and hard work can achieve your goals. 3. Virtue is the foundation of life, emphasizing that small wins rely on wisdom, and big wins rely on morality. 4. Do not fight and always win, choose to go away when it is time to go, do not love fame, observe the details, and successfully retire. 5. Fortune and misfortune go hand in hand, choose the right path; life is like chess, know how to think of danger in order to live in peace. 6. Be kind, don't just see the surface of things. 7. Fight for righteousness and squandering money, and regard money as a floating cloud. 8. Know people and things, and choose the right people and things. 9. Only by looking at the long term can fate have a chance to change. Only by having a sober understanding of the situation and knowing how to think about changes can we find our own way of truth. 10. Cultivate altruism to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. 11. If your reputation is too loud and your merit is too high, it will bring disaster to yourself. 12. Understand proportion, know the depths, understand human nature, and cover the edge, so as to protect yourself at the moment of danger and live a stable life. 13. When you are calm, when you are indifferent, and go with the flow, you can get a peace of mind and peace of mind.
Fan Li's valuable spirit: the spirit of continuous improvement, the spirit of Confucianism and Taoism complementing the sound personality, the down-to-earth pragmatic spirit, the spirit of sincere business, wisdom of business, caring for the people's livelihood, the spirit of selfless dedication to the society.
Fan Li's life philosophy characteristics: 1. The career is not smooth, and the thinking changes. 2. At the time of crisis, Siheng, 3. Defeated soldiers as slaves, thinking. 4. Achieve fame and think about retreating. 5. The family has a lot of money, and the thoughts are scattered.
The influence of Fan Li's philosophy of life on future generations.
Fan Li's philosophy of life is also very unique. He believes that the meaning of life is not the pursuit of material wealth, but the pursuit of spiritual freedom. Therefore, when he was in the best official residence, he chose to resign from the official position and engage in business; after accumulating a large amount of wealth in business, he scattered all his family wealth to save the people of the world and pursue his life ideals. His philosophy of life has had a profound impact on the world.
3. Seek to govern the country and assist the king of Yue to achieve hegemony
Yue was originally a small and weak country, and was beaten by Wu to the point of dying, and had admitted defeat and begged for mercy. But later, with the assistance of Fan Li, he became stronger and stronger, defeated Hao in one fell swoop, and became one of the five hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. What important role did Fan Li play in this, and what kind of conspiracy did Fan Li use to build the country and govern the country?
The king of Yue was defeated, and Fan Li proposed that the more he would be prosperous, the more firm he would be, and the more he would practice his confidence. In the twenty-fourth year of King Jing of Zhou (496 B.C.), the battle of Li (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang) occurred between Wu and Yue, and King Wu was killed, so the two countries had a grudge and fought for many years. In the twenty-sixth year of King Jing of Zhou (494 BC), Gou Jian heard that Wu Guo was training soldiers day and night, preparing to take revenge on Yue State, and planned to strike first and then win a great victory. Fan Li advised: The way of heaven requires us to be full but not excessive, to be vigorous but not proud, and to work hard without boasting of meritorious service. Gou Jian did not listen to Fan Li's advice and insisted on sending troops. As a result, Goujian, the king of Yue, was defeated, and only 5,000 soldiers were left to flee into Huiji Mountain, surrounded by the Wu army, and the situation was critical. When Gou Jian was disheartened and almost desperate, Fan Li scientifically analyzed the situation between the two countries and accurately asserted that "the more you will prosper, Wu will lose", which encouraged Gou Jian and strengthened his confidence in defeating Wu.
Fan Li offered advice to "humble and generous, begging Wu Cunyue" to persuade Gou Jian to save his life. At the end of Goujian's journey, Fan Li offered Gou Jian the policy of "humble and generous, begging Wu Cunyue", so that Gou Jian asked his husband for peace with a generous courtesy, if not, he would surrender to Wu and say that he would always follow King Wu. After Gou Jian heard this, he immediately asked Wen Chong to meet his husband and ask for peace in this way. Fucha wanted to agree, but at this time, Wu Zixu, who was beside him, said: Now is the best opportunity to destroy the Yue Kingdom, don't agree. The husband refused the request.
By means of counter-intrigue and bribery, peace was negotiated. Fan Li discussed with Wen Chong, taking advantage of the contradictory relationship between Dazai Yao and Wu Zixu of Wu State, and Wen Chong privately dedicated Dazai Yao with beauties and treasures. Dazai, who accepted the bribe, persuaded King Wu to spare Yue Guo. Fucha was confused by Dazai's kind words, and he couldn't listen to Wu Zixu's words anymore, and retired after making peace with Yue.
Shake the husband's heart of compassion. According to the terms of peace between Wu and Yue, Goujian, the king of Yue, was going to take his wife to Wu as a slave, and Fan Li accompanied Goujian. Wu Wangfucha saw that Fan Li dared to take on the noble character of wisdom and loyalty, so he wanted to persuade Fan Li to leave Goujian, Fan Li was unwavering, and said very calmly: "When the minister hears the ministers of the country, he does not dare to speak about politics, and the generals of the defeated army dare not speak bravely." "The monarch and the minister have all surrendered, and the king has the grace of the king, and the monarch and the minister have to protect each other, and I am willing to be prepared to sweep away." Fan Li repeatedly expressed his loyalty to Gou Jian, and King Wu was deeply moved by Fan Li, expressed his admiration for Fan Li, and gradually moved his compassion for Fan Li and Gou Jian.
Taste dung and cut off illness to show loyalty, and won the favor of King Wu to return to the Yue Kingdom. Once, the husband contracted the disease, and the long-term treatment was ineffective. Fan Li knew how to see a doctor, and expected that the disease would be cured soon. On the offer of a plan to taste the feces and cut off the disease, Gou Jian was included in the palace to ask about the disease, saying that he had ancestral medical skills, tasted feces to diagnose diseases, and was willing to taste feces on the face. Gou Jian tasted the feces of his husband and said: "The king's feces taste sour and bitter, and he has the 'disease of the time', and he will be cured in two days." "Two days later, my husband's illness was really cured. The husband was confused by Gou Jian's "concern", thinking that he really loved himself, so he released him back into the country.
The battle of Fujiao was the best time for Wu to destroy Yue, but it was a pity that Fucha was short-sighted, listened to slander, pardoned Gou Jian, and made good communication with Yue, which laid the root of the bane for the later Yue State to destroy Wu.
The sacred tree is lured to build, and the enemy's national strength is consumed. National strength is the decisive factor in the victory or defeat of the war, in order to consume the enemy's strength, Fan Li made a strange move: to pay tribute to the Wu State. Wu Wangfu was overjoyed when he saw Shenmu and decided to build a majestic tower. Fan Li sent skilled craftsmen to assist in the construction of the building, so he used a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, and it took three years to build this magnificent building that was later called "Gusutai". This not only weakened the state of Wu, but also won the trust of the husband.
Use beauty tricks to confuse their minds. Fan Li personally trekked through mountains and rivers, and found a strange woman with both virtue and ability in the Huansha River - Xi Shi, and wrote a legendary chapter in history in which Xi Shi was deeply aware of the righteousness and dedication to the king of Wu, and the inside and outside should be together to prosper and destroy Wu. Fucha was obsessed with beauty and did not put his mind on the state affairs of hegemony, depressed his fighting spirit, and relaxed his vigilance and precautions against the Yue country.
Lie down and taste the courage, enrich the country and strengthen the army. Fan Li continued to persuade Gou Jian and stated to him the reason why "Yue Bixing and Wu Bi Defeat". Gou Jian used firewood and grass to sleep, licking the bitter gall, in order to motivate himself not to forget the defeat and rebuild the country of Yue. Fan Li suggested to Gou Jian that the development of agriculture to boost the economy, appease the people and stabilize the society, attach importance to military training, seize the time to improve military strength, and organize death squads to reward with the highest amount. Gou Jian is fully adopted. When rebuilding the national capital, Fan Li deliberately built two cities, one large and one small, the small city was for Wu to see, while the big city was built incomplete, and did not build a city wall in the direction of facing Wu State, so as to confuse Fucha through this move.
Grab the fighter and strike a fatal blow. Under the planning of Fan Li and Wen Chong's various schemes, Fucha relaxed his vigilance against the Yue Kingdom. The strength of the Yue country is getting stronger and stronger, and in 476 BC, Fucha is gathering troops to go north to fight for hegemony, leaving only the old, weak, sick and disabled soldiers in the capital, Fan Li seized this rare opportunity and ordered to attack Wu. Wu did not expect Fan Li's attack at all, and was quickly broken by the Vietnamese army. Wu Wangfu fled to Gusutai and sent an envoy to Gou Jian to beg for peace. Faced with his husband's plea for mercy, Gou Jian was shaken. But at this moment, Fan Li stood up, stated the pros and cons to Gou Jian, and helped him calm down in time. Seeing that there was no hope of peace, the husband committed suicide with guilt for Wu Zixu. Gou Jian "lying on the salary and tasting the courage, grinding a sword for 20 years", finally learned the shame of the snow and achieved the hegemony of the Yue country.
【Character Evaluation】
Fan Li is an entrepreneur with the most successful career, the most perfect life, and many praises. He engaged in politics in the first half of his life, assisted a country on the verge of extinction to become one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, and after becoming famous, he retreated bravely and bravely, and accepted it when he saw it, setting up a model for the people in the officialdom who could not only enter the dynasty and make meritorious contributions, but also be able to die well in the wilderness, and was regarded as a model by later generations of officials; he resigned from office and became rich in business three times, and was respected as a "business saint" by businessmen of all dynasties.
Language: "There is an unpredictable opportunity for ghosts." ”
Li Si: "Loyalty to the king, wisdom to protect oneself, thousands of years down, who can be compared?"
Zhang Liang: "Hegemony is rotten, and loyalty is in the name."
Dongfang Shuo: "Ji Tong Fan Li, loyal to Zixu, the world is peaceful, and righteousness is supported, and the widow and few disciples are advisable." ”
Sima Qian: "Fan Li migrated three times and became famous in the world." "Fan Li's three moves are all famous, famous for future generations, if the lord is like this, want not to be seen, and the times are not responsible. ”
Chu Shaosun: "If the husband is full of moon, he will lose, and if things are prosperous, he will decline, and heaven and earth will always be constant." Knowing and then not knowing how to retreat, multiplying wealth for a long time, accumulating misfortune. Therefore, Fan Lizhi went to Yue, resigned from the official position, passed on to future generations, long live not forget, how can it be reached! Latecomers should be cautious. ”
Liu Xiang: "Jizi abandoned the country and wandered wildly, Fan Li went to Yue and changed his name, Zhi went to Jun, and his younger brother changed his surname, all of them saw that they were knowledgeable and benevolent to get rich, and they were able to avoid the budding disaster." ”
Ban Gu: Fan Li is listed as a "Homo sapiens" in the "Hanshu Ancient and Modern People Table".
Zhao Ye: "Zhichen said Fan Li, brave and strategic. ”
Yuan Shao: "However, Qi Huan can't become a hegemon if it's not Yi, and Gou Jian can't survive if it's not Fan Li." ”
Liu Shao: In "Portraits", he said: "Thinking channelized and planning wonderfully, it is a magician, Fan Li and Zhang Liang are also." ”
Han Yu: "Those who are disloyal to others, Fan Li is close." ”
Su Shi: "Since the Spring and Autumn Period, there has not been a complete person like Fan Li. ”
Li Gang: "On Fan Li Zhang Liang's Seeking the Country and Dealing with the Body": "The wise and resourceful man of the old husband, when he is in trouble, can endure humiliation to stretch his will; The parties will be able to make decisions to reap their credits; Success and fame, can be held high and far to lead to his whole body, micro two sons, who am I with?"
Li Fang's "Taiping Guangji: The Legend of the Immortals": "In Yue is Fan Li, in Qi is Ou Yizi, and in Wu is Tao Zhugong." ”
Wang Shizhen: "The five lakes are smoky, where is the gold casting Fan Li?"
Cai Yuanfang: In the commentary of "The Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty", he said: "Fan Li, who is full of intelligence", "Fan Shaobo sees the opportunity and hides far away, his height is needless to say, and he is good at the art of goods breeding, and he can make money and get rich, he is really a strange person through the ages."
April 24, 2024 in Shenzhen