Text: Song Moxing
Usually I only hear that there are new divisions, large and small flat divisions, general division divisions, and flat division divisions in Guiding, and it is very difficult to hear the lawsuit of the chief of the western platoon. This time, under the leadership of the Guizhou Shuidong Song and Guiding County CPPCC Culture, Culture and History Research Association, we excavated the Tusi culture, and we conducted in-depth field investigations.
According to the "Republic of China Guizhou Tongzhi Tusi Chronicles", "Qiannan Vocational Chronicles" and "Guiding County Chronicles" records: Daping Expedition West Row Foreign Affairs Committee Tushe Song Clan, Guanxi Pai Luobu and other villages. It was first called Song Sangang, and the other son of Song Yingxiang, the commander of the Great Ping Expedition. In the twelfth year of Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, he made meritorious contributions to Pu'an, and was not awarded the western soil garrison, and later changed to a foreign soil house. Sangang passed on Wenxiu, Wenxiu passed on Jinggui, passed on by Gui to inherit Zhou, Chengzhou passed on to Kaixun, Kaixun passed on Renshu, and Renshu passed on to Enji. Later, due to the Tongzhi period, the land was burned by soldiers, and there was no income to stop the attack.
The Pinghua area is not only close to the political center of Guizhou Province, but also on the Guizhou-Guizhou Post Road. Due to the special geographical location of this area, the Pinghua Tusi, which is composed of Pinghua, Xiaoping, and Dapinghua, has been active in the central and eastern parts of Guizhou since the Yuan Dynasty, forming a rich level of social development and diverse social and cultural features. On the one hand, Pingfa Tusi interacts with the state and the big Tusi forces, and on the other hand, it directly manages and influences the ethnic minority groups at the bottom. In order to consolidate the government, adopt the policy of "governing the barbarians with razing" and "governing the barbarians with barbarians", use the local chiefs to govern the areas under their influence, set up Tusi and Tushe, grant official positions, and inherit them from generation to generation, forming the "Tusi system" in Chinese history, and also making China's "Tusi culture" in the Yunwu area inherit, and the Pinghua Tusi is a typical representative of small and medium-sized Tusi in central Guizhou.
Song Sangang, the other son of Song Yingxiang, the chief officer of the Daping Division. During the Chongzhen period, he was sent to the west platoon to garrison. In the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673 AD), he made meritorious contributions from the expedition to Pu'an, and was awarded the west soil garrison (Zheng Wupin), and then changed to the foreign commission, and the governance office was located in Yunwu Mountain, which is now the village of Bird King Pai Shangzhai. Due to the high mountain and long road in Yunwu Mountain, it is rugged and difficult to walk, and then the governance office was moved to the Pick-up Rice Division (now the camp of Shangcun Pinglong). Song Sangang was buried in Yunwu Mountain after thousands of years. In the eighth year of Daoguang (1828 AD), the first grandson Kaiguang, Kaijun, Kaifan, Kaixun, Kaikai, Kailing, etc., moved and buried them in Sidaokan in Tiechang Village. During the Yongzheng period, it was moved to Luoyitun next to the ancient post road in Fujian and Guangdong. There are still two gates and stone patios of the Yamen at that time.
The Tushe is the immediate family of the Tusi, so the Tusi and the Tushe can inherit each other, so that the hereditary rights will not be interrupted. Tusha often held more important positions in the local community. When Toast is out, he performs duties on behalf of Toast. In the event of a major event, such as a war, the Tusha was the permanent commander of the troops and commanded the battle, so the Tusi and the Tusha constituted the supreme ruling group. There are three meanings of "Tusha", "One is that Toben specifically refers to the military Tuji set up after Sejong's large-scale land reform and return, so Toben belongs to the category of Tuji. There are eight kinds of soil, including the three grades, the Tudu Division, the fourth grade, the soldier garrison, the fifth grade, the Tuqian Zong, the sixth grade, the Tu Zong, the seventh grade, the Tu Foreign Committee Qianzong, the eight grades, the Tu Foreign Committee General, the Zheng Jiu Pin, the Tu Extra Foreign Committee, from the nine grades, the second refers to the Qing Dynasty's general term for the middle and low-level military positions of the local officials, and the third refers to the village leaders in minority areas similar to the township and the chief. It seems that there are all three. Although the grade is not high, it not only comes from the Tusi family, but also the real power Tusi who manages the village. The Daping Expedition West Row Commissioned Soil House was set up later, and the lineage was relatively clear, it was originally a soil garrison, and later changed to an earth house. From the seal treasured by Song Jurong, a descendant of the current Luoyitun West Platoon Chief, it is known that at least in April of the ninth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1804), the West Pai Tushe was changed to the West Pai Chief's lawsuit in Guiding County, Guizhou. The previous history books recorded:
After the west row of the earth house to Song En, due to Tongzhizhong, the land was burned by soldiers, and there was no income to stop the attack. However, in the "Guiding County Chronicles" - Guiding Festival Filial Piety, it is recorded that Song En's stepwife Chen, the mother of Song Guangcai of Luoyi Tushe, died at the age of 27, and the son was established, died at the age of 70. From this, it can be seen that the western platoon was burned by soldiers in the Tongzhi year, Song Enji died suddenly, and Song Guangcai succeeded to the Tushe.
Although the Daping Expedition was set up later, the area under its management was relatively large, the population was larger, and it was farther away from the county. Daping is 80 miles south of the city, with 2,123 households and a population of 12,130. Jurisdiction over the leveling field (the leveling field is in the West Pai Division, there is a field in front of the village, Shen, Chouri to catch the market), Yingshang, Fanli Village, Jiulong Camp (the former is the Lu Mosong garrison, and then the Yonggu regiment station, there are more than ten residents), Long'an Bang, Shangxinzhai, Xiaxinzhai, Shazhai, Shangladong, Xialadong, Changshou Village, Luoitun, Gaozhai, Pingzhai, Dixiaba, Pinglong, Budingzhai, Luobu Village, Heba Village, Pengle Village, Tiechang Village, Yatou Village, Tongzhai, Daxiaopu, Shipo, Taohua Village, Kuzhu Village, Baiyan, Lixiaozhuang, Taoer Village, Liuchengtian, Dongwangzhuang, Dongkouyuan, Gantang Village, Lilan, Shangxiazhibao, Guanshang, Paradise Village, Gusa Village, Jonchangping, Gongzhui Village, Yangwang Village, Yangwang Gaozhai, Yangwangping Village, Shimen Village, Shanzhai, Zhongzhai, Shiban Village, Laowuzhai, Kunzhu Village, Zhulin Village, Yanshanzhai, Yunwu Mountain, Kaili Village, Lali Gaozhai, Shangdanghan, Xiadanghan, Shangxiayudong, Gumeng Village, Guoli Village, Jiazhitun, Wangqizhuang, Luohongzhai, Jiangbichang, Shuiwen Village, Luozhai, Liuxinzhuang, Xitouyan, Huangsi Village, Tangman Village, Pengge Village, Yangxiong Village, Old Price Village, Dustsa Village, Fir Village, Chestnut Tree, Leijiabang, Dapaoping, Radish Garden, Sizhi, Yangtei Village (now Longli Sheep Farm), Xiaopaiba, Gulong, Xiaogin Village, Moxian Village, Flower Land, Yanjiao Village (in the south of the city sixty miles, there is a field, Mao, Xiriji), and other mirror villages, big chestnut wood, small chestnut wood, orange palm village, Suya village, Changji village, Xunran village, Jin village, iron village, ticket wood table, radish mountain. According to the comparison of place names, its jurisdiction is centered on Yunwu Town in the south of Guiding County, including part of the southern part of Longli County and some areas bordering Huishui County, Pingtang County and Duyun City with Guiding.
Although the lawsuit of the chief of the western platoon is a product of feudal society, during his reign, he made many merits such as protecting the territory and the people, developing the economy, and supporting public welfare.
In order to protect the territory and the people and develop the economy, the Lu family of Lu Yin, the ancestor of the Lu family, the Mo family of Mo Tiansu, the ancestor of the Mo family, and the Song family of the Song Sangang of the Xipai Tushe, the three surnames of the incense were married as the "three knots of Yunshan". After the rebellion to build the Yuantong Temple in Yunshan (Yunwu Mountain), Kangxi 17 years (1678), Xinzhai Lu 10th Lu hereditary, Shazhai Mo 3rd Mo Tingkui, Xipai 5th Song Zuoyun will be relocated to the Yuantong Temple to the camp, re-erect the righteous monument, the inscription of righteousness, the promise of life and death. After the rebellion, he did several major things with a very historical imprint: first, he built the Jiulong camp and sent troops to garrison it to ensure local safety. The market in the monkey field (now the monkey farm village in Tiechang Village) was relocated to Jiulongying to protect the people who rushed to the market; After the completion of the construction of the Pingzhu Lane and the market, the market was moved to the Pingwu Field (now Yunwu Town District), and now the Yunwu Market is still Fengshen (Monkey) Chou (Niu) for the day of the market (five to catch seven), which has laid the historical position of the Pinghua Field to develop into the central market town in the south of Guiding, and has made an important contribution to the development of commerce and trade in the Yunwu Area;
The commander of the west platoon acted impartially and was praised by the people. On the third day of August in the eighteenth year of Jiaqing (1803), the government notice that stood at the mouth of the Bird King Pass told the story of the West Platoon's efforts to look up to the Miao people, Lei Achun and other members of the Pingping Logging Battalion, Zheng Shipin, and Chen Zonghua, a soldier, who crossed the border to cut down the Miao people's mountains and forests. Song Kaixun of Xipai Tuben and Liu Shenjue of Guiding Zhixian County carefully checked the contract that Song Jinggui sold to Lei Axing and Lei Aruohu in February of the 11th year of Qianlong and the contract that Lei Ali bought the mountain paddy field in March of the 12th year of Qianlong, and went up the mountain to inspect the mountain boundary on the spot, and finally made a fair ruling. The ruling did not favor the students and soldiers, and safeguarded the legitimate interests of the Miao people, and the Miao people were grateful and engraved a monument to remember the ages.
The chief of the west row participated in public welfare undertakings, built temples and cast bells, and conformed to the will of the people. The ancient bell of the existing Yunwu Gaozhai Companion Peak Temple, by the deputy chief of the west row of the Daping Division Song Jinggui, the Ministry of Officials elected Zhou Zhao, the governor of the state with the □, was ordered to promote the □□□ Zhou Zhaoqi is equal to the first year of Qianlong (1736) to cast the first time; the existing ancient bell of the Yunwu comprehensive market is cast by the believer Song □□, and the Daping Vashi Song Kaixun is equal to the year of July of the 59th year of Qianlong (1794); the existing ancient bell of the main temple of Shangchuan in the Yunwu Camp is cast by Song Hongyuan, the chief of the western row Song Kaixun, and the believer Luo Qiyuan is equal to the first cast in December of the fourth year of Daoguang (1824). In ancient times, the temple was the head of the local culture, the bell was the temple ritual instrument, and the bell prayed for blessings and the people's wishes, which was a meritorious and good deed.
The history of the country is known to know its rise and fall, the local history is to be cultivated, and the family is to build ancestral halls to worship its ancestors. In 2016, Song Juhui, Song Jurong, Song Qingming, Song Erfu, and other descendants of the lawsuit of the chief of the Luoyitun West Platoon, took the lead in convening the clansmen to discuss raising funds to build the Song ancestral hall, and the clansmen fully supported it.
In February 2000, the descendants of the Song family's seven divisions and eight seals (battalion) went to congratulate and worship, and carved a tablet to commemorate the descendants of Youqi. The completion of the ancestral hall is that its people comfort their ancestors, go down to Zehoukun, and promote virtue.
References: "Guizhou Tongzhi and Tusi Chronicles of the Republic of China", "Chronicles of Southern Qiannan", "Manuscript of Guiding County", "History of the Song Dynasty in Qianzhong", "Research on the Historical Changes of Tusi in Pinghua in Guizhou (Mao Wei)", "Research on Inscriptions in Guiding County from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China (Lu Qingyuan)", "Genealogy of the Lu Family".
【Author's profile】Song Moxing, Guiding, Guizhou.
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