Abstract:The mainland has four major sea areas: the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, which are rich in fish resources and the domestic marine fishery has been able to develop steadily. In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, the improvement of people's living standards and the change of consumption concepts, the growth momentum of seafood consumption in mainland China has been rapid, the industry has entered a stage of rapid growth, and the national seafood market has shown a vigorous development trend. According to statistics, the size of the mainland seafood market has exceeded 750 billion yuan in 2023, with a year-on-year growth rate of about 5.2%. In the future, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the accelerated development of the cold chain logistics industry, the mainland seafood market will continue to maintain a growth trend.
1. Definitions and Classification
Seafood, also known as seafood, refers to edible animal or plant ingredients produced in the sea. According to different appearances, seafood can be divided into marine fish, crustaceans, molluscs, seaweed and other categories, among them, marine fish include salmon, cod, tuna, bonito, hairtail, grouper, crustaceans include hairy crabs, scallops, blue crabs, Korean crabs, turtle age crabs, etc., molluscs include razor clams, oysters, abalone, flower branches, squid, cuttlefish, etc., seaweed includes seaweed, kelp, cauliflower, etc. In addition, according to the different storage methods, the seafood on the market can also be roughly divided into four categories: live seafood, frozen seafood, dried seafood and chilled seafood.
Second, industry policies
1. Competent authorities and regulatory system
The management system of the seafood industry in mainland China implements unified national leadership and hierarchical management. The competent authority of the industry is the Fisheries Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, and the fishery administrative departments at the provincial, municipal (prefecture) and county levels are the Fisheries Department and the Fisheries Bureau, which shall carry out hierarchical management of the seafood industry within the administrative area under its jurisdiction in accordance with the law. At the same time, other organizations and institutions in the domestic seafood industry include: the Aquaculture Chamber of Commerce of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, the National Fishery Technology Promotion Center, the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, the China Fishery Association, the China Aquatic Products Circulation and Processing Association, the Chinese Fisheries Society, etc., and the activities of these organizations and institutions are coordinated by the Fisheries Bureau. In addition, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China supervises and manages the safety production, hygiene and quality control of seafood enterprises.
2. Industry-related policies
In view of the development of the seafood industry, the relevant state departments have successively issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for Promoting the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas" and the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the "Five Major Actions" for the Promotion of Green and Healthy Aquaculture Technology of Aquatic Products in 2023" and other policies, proposing to take green and high-quality development and fishery modernization as the goal, implement the promotion of healthy aquaculture and aquatic products, promote the transformation and upgrading of seafood and other aquaculture industries, and promote the green and high-quality development of the industry. At the same time, according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and other eight departments jointly issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Deep-sea Aquaculture", the future mainland government will increase support for the development of deep-sea aquaculture, and the domestic seafood industry may usher in more development opportunities.
3. Industry barriers
1. Quality and safety barriers
Product quality and safety are the foundation of human survival and the guarantee of social stability. It is not only related to people's health and life safety, but also affects economic development and social stability. In view of the important role of seafood and other aquatic product quality and safety, the state has also increasingly increased its attention to its quality and safety, and the successive introduction of relevant policies and regulations reflects the country's determination to achieve national product quality and safety, and the quality and safety barriers of the seafood industry are becoming increasingly prominent. In recent years, food quality and safety problems have occurred frequently, major foreign aquatic product importing countries have increased the quality and safety requirements for imported aquatic products, and large-scale buyers require suppliers to pass BRC, ACC BAP and other certifications, and the quality and safety barriers of the seafood industry have been continuously improved.
2. Resource barriers
There is an obvious regionality in seafood farming, and the requirements for water, climate and ecological environment are relatively strict, and the breeding environment directly affects whether the aquaculture organisms can survive, and directly affects the taste, specification and quality of the product. Therefore, seafood aquaculture enterprises must have sea (water) resources suitable for aquatic product aquaculture. In addition, seafood processing depends on the stable supply of upstream raw materials, and the seafood processing enterprises that entered in the early stage need to maintain a stable and cooperative supply relationship with the registered farmers. Comprehensive analysis shows that there are extremely high resource barriers in the seafood industry.
3. Technical and financial barriers
The operation of the seafood industry includes the selection and breeding of seafood seedlings, the purification and rejuvenation of germplasm, the research and development of feed nutritional additives, the healthy breeding technology, the intensive processing capacity of seafood products and the development of comprehensive utilization technology of processing by-products. Therefore, enterprises in all aspects of the seafood industry not only need to invest a lot of money in the purchase of advanced processing equipment and testing equipment, and build a product quality and safety management system, but also need to invest greater manpower, material and financial resources for continuous research and development, so as to continuously improve the company's seafood large-scale breeding technology, improve business operation efficiency, and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises. As a result, new entrants to the industry are facing greater technical and financial challenges.
Fourth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The upstream of the seafood industry chain mainly includes seed cultivation, feed, aquaculture additives, aquatic drugs and other industries, and the representative enterprises include Haid Group, Tianbang Co., Ltd., Tiankang Biotechnology, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Tianma Technology, etc. The middle reaches of the industrial chain mainly include seafood aquaculture and seafood fishing. Due to the implementation of policies such as the ban on marine fishing, the seafood industry occupies a major position in the middle of the seafood industry chain, and the representative enterprises include Dahu Shares, Guolian Aquatic Products, Zhangzidao, and Hao Dangjia. The downstream of the industrial chain is the seafood processing industry, and finally flows to consumers through e-commerce, supermarkets and other channels.
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