Ancient Chinese literati often wrote about the crutches they used, and the Song people were especially fond of it. In their writings, crutches contain a wealth of Chinese cultural information.
People have long since personified the rod, which was originally a simple daily necessities. People derive moral and other metaphors from it, and get inspiration from it, and these moral metaphors are one of the basic reasons why the ancient Chinese loved rods and "rod literature".
The literati of the Han Dynasty often compared the rod to a gentleman and a sage, and the rod was attached to the virtues of prudence, restraint, abstinence, and earnestly helping others, selfless help, so as to emphasize its role of support and assistance, and remind people that they should realize the importance of appointing sages from the use of the staff. In addition to continuing to associate the rod with support and assistance, the Wei, Jin and Tang dynasties also associated Jinzhi, Gaojie, Xiaoyao and the staff.
By the Song dynasty, some continued to preach the supporting role of the rod, while others further enriched its meaning on the basis of the Wei, Jin, and Tang dynasties. Zhang Jiucheng and Huang Tingjian emphasized loyalty, sincerity, inner sage, honesty, integrity, and integrity. The most typical embodiment of the concept of the Song people is Cai Huan's "Song of Qiong Bamboo Cane", the second half of which says: "There is a cold exercise at the end of the lonely root, and the Jinjie is willing to dye the capital red." Flying away, it is impossible to grasp, Xishan Nanpu chats calmly. Let the heavens and the earth be barrier-free, and look at the universe as a void. Horizontal and reclining are as suitable, and coming and going is as uncertain as flying Hong. "The personality of the cane with discipline, refinement, leisure, and elegance is the biggest feature of the Song people's writing cane.
In the history of Chinese culture, the Song Dynasty was a very important period in the integration, precipitation and stereotyping of various concepts in traditional Chinese culture. Cheng Hao's poem "Autumn Occasional" is the most typical: "All things are self-satisfied, and the four seasons are the same as others." The road leads to the world and the outside of the form, thinking into the metamorphosis of the wind and clouds. The rich are not lewd and the poor are happy, and the man is a hero. This "male view", which is different from the Tang people's emphasis on fame and wealth, represents a new content of the literati's attitude towards life in the Song Dynasty.
This attitude of the Song people towards life is also reflected in the explanation of the moral character and other metaphors of the rod. In the pen of the Song people, the wisdom of the cane, the support, the auxiliary function, and the metaphor of the sage obviously faded out, which showed the dilution of the Song Dynasty literati's consciousness of joining the WTO and the sense of political ownership. The cane of the Song people is mainly used to show a kind of unworldly, leisurely, and leisurely feelings.
Corresponding to this attitude and feelings of life is their aesthetic taste. The staff loved by the literati of the Song Dynasty favored plants from the nature of the mountains and wilderness in terms of material. They are also very fond of adding adjectives such as withered, curvy, thin, short, and light to the staff. It can be seen that the Song people's love of writing sticks is the externalization of their attitude towards life and aesthetic psychology, and they have made the rods have a rich cultural attachment.
Therefore, the Song people often used the rod to obtain some life insights, or use it to express life insights. For example, Su Shi's "bamboo cane and mango shoes are lighter than horses, who is afraid? A cloud of smoke and rain is Ren Pingsheng", in the comparison of bamboo cane and mango shoes and horses, the author experienced the ease and freedom of not being bound by eunuchs.
It can be seen that the Song people's preference for canes and writing canes was gradually formed in the coherent evolution of Chinese culture, with the rise and fall of the entire feudal society, and with the changes in the mentality and interests of the literati.
5. One of the incorrect comprehension of the article is ( ) (3 points)
A. The reason why the ancient Chinese loved the "rod" is because the metaphor derived from the "rod" gives people inspiration.
B. The innovation of the literati of the Song Dynasty on the meaning of "rod" was completed on the basis of the negation of the predecessors.
C. The literati of the Song Dynasty liked to choose natural plants from the mountains and wilderness as the materials of "sticks" because of their aesthetic taste.
D. Su Shi borrowed the "bamboo cane" and "mango shoes" to express his relaxed and chic state of mind after not being bound by eunuchs.
6. One of the following poems that best reflects the feelings of the literati of the Song Dynasty mentioned in the text is ( ) (3 points)
A. Born as a hero, death is also a ghost. (Li Qingzhao)
B. The boat passed away, and the river and the sea sent the rest of his life. (Su Shi)
C. Who asks, Lian Po is old, can he still eat? (Xin Qiji)
D. A teacher is a real name in the world, who can be a man for a thousand years. (Land Tour)
7. Combined with the text, analyze and explain the reasons why the literati in the Song Dynasty liked to write sticks. (four minutes)
5 B ("In the Song Dynasty, some people continued to assert the supporting role of the rod, while others further enriched its meaning on the basis of the Wei, Jin, and Tang dynasties", so "innovation was done on the basis of negation of predecessors" cannot be established)
6. B (A, C, and D all reflect the poet's active spirit in joining the WTO from different aspects. )
7. Because the attitude of the literati of the Song Dynasty towards life shifted from actively entering the WTO to a feeling of detachment, leisure, and leisure, and this feeling is consistent with the meaning given to the rod by the Song people (2 points); the material and appearance characteristics of the rod reflect the aesthetic taste of the literati of the Song Dynasty (1 point); the Song people often used the rod to gain some life perceptions, or use it to express life perceptions (1 point). (four minutes)