Original title: Official kiln porcelain, export porcelain everything! Kang Yongqian period ceramic treasures can be seen enough at one time
During the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty, the official kilns and private kilns in Jingdezhen collected the masterpieces of the world's famous kilns, and pushed the Chinese ceramic industry to the peak. A few days ago, an exhibition of Jingdezhen ceramic treasures in the Kang Yongqian period called "Vessels of the Prosperous Age" was exhibited in the Zhangzhou Museum in Fujian, with a total of 108 porcelain treasures such as blue and white, ancient color and pastel.
Jingdezhen's official kiln, folk kiln ceramics exquisite craftsmanship, rich variety, among which the official kiln products to the finest to the beautiful, by the world called "rare treasures", Kangxi period Doucai fish algae pattern plate is a representative work.
Zeng Ping, docent of Zhangzhou Museum: "Doucai" refers to a ceramic decoration technique that combines underglaze blue and white and overglaze colors. This porcelain plate is painted with a total of 12 river fish of different shapes, river fish patterns have been in our Chinese history for thousands of years, not only symbolizing the love and happiness of husband and wife, but also implying wealth "every year there are fish".
If the Kangxi official porcelain is rich and simple, then the Yongzheng official porcelain is beautiful and elegant. The outer wall of the pastel peony pattern bowl in the Yongzheng period is painted with pastel, and the overall color is bright and the picture is elegant.
And in the Qianlong period, the artistic style of the official kiln porcelain is magnificent and complicated, this blue and white entwined branch lotus pattern appreciation bottle, similar to the shape of the jade pot spring bottle, the whole bottle is glazed with gray-blue blue and white, the upper part is painted with a string of branches of crocus pattern, the lower part is painted with a ruyi cloud head pattern; the bottle body is decorated with a flower pattern of entwined branches, and there are huge crocus flowers in full bloom, the pattern is dense, and the shape is unique.
In addition to the official porcelain, the treasures of the folk kilns in the exhibition are also ingenious. The unique pastel flower butterfly pattern plate is also an extremely important folk kiln vessel. The whole plate is very thin and delicate, and the center of the plate is painted with pastel to create a beautiful picture of flowers and butterflies, the petals are thick and light, and the branches and shoots reveal infinite vitality.
The blue floral pattern square lid box is divided into two layers, the lid body is painted with blue material to draw a circle of hollow pattern, and the top of the lid is painted with floral patterns, which looks simple and elegant.
Li Haimei, Director of Zhangzhou Museum: The use of this porcelain has been verified by our experts, and it should be used for printing clay, because there are some traces of alum red raw materials left at the four corners of the lid, which is also relatively rare.
"Export porcelain" reproduces the "maritime porcelain road" of thousands of sails
During the Kang Yongqian period of the Qing Dynasty, Jingdezhen's porcelain making technology and artistic style became more and more imperial kilns, and the quality of fired products became higher and higher, becoming the main force of Chinese porcelain export. In this exhibition, "export porcelain" that was exported to the world during that period is also exhibited.
This export porcelain is a colorful character story pattern plate in the Kangxi period, and the overall colorful decoration. Its export market is mainly in Southeast Asia.
In the Qianlong period, the story of the Guangcai characters is plated, and the inner and outer walls of the plate are depicted with gold color to depict the squirrel climbing branch pattern over the wall, and the center of the plate is depicted with pastel to depict the opera characters. This porcelain uses the "Guangcai" technique, "Guangcai" refers to the pastel painted in Guangzhou, in order to save costs and improve efficiency, at that time, Western merchants trained a group of porcelain artists with Western painting style, and then purchased Jingdezhen Baife porcelain to paint in Guangzhou, and then exported.
"Export porcelain" shows the integration of Chinese and Western cultures
For Qing dynasty export porcelain, head to the Zhenjiang Museum in Jiangsu Province, where an exhibition of 54 pieces of porcelain comes from the merchant ship Wanjiao No. 1, which sank more than 300 years ago.
"Wanjiao No. 1" is a ship in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, sunken out of the sea area of Pingtan County, Fujian Province, located on the traditional "Maritime Silk Road". Experts speculate that the "Wanjiao No. 1" is a medium-sized seagoing vessel, which is likely to crash into the reef and sink after it rolls over.
More than 17,000 pieces of shipwreck porcelain have been excavated from Wanjiao No. 1, and some of the multicolored porcelain has become increasingly mottled by the erosion of high salinity seawater throughout the year, while the blue and white porcelain with underglaze color technology is still as smooth as new.
In the display case, a plate painted with daisies attracted many people to stop and watch. Unlike the traditional Chinese aesthetic of "white space", this blue and white daisy pattern rhombic plate is painted with patterns, and the whole plate resembles a blooming flower, and each petal is painted with daisy flowers.
Lan Minhong, associate researcher and director of the storage department of Zhenjiang Museum: Obviously, this is a ceramic product specially customized for export, and the decorative feature of this kind of porcelain is that its ornamentation is very full, occupying the whole picture. Through this overall layout, it forms a visual impact, which is also very in line with the aesthetics of Westerners at that time.
This type of porcelain, known archaeologically as "Clark porcelain", was named after the merchant ship "Clark" that transported the porcelain. In addition, the combination of monochrome glaze and blue and white is also a unique idea for export porcelain.
Among the exhibits is a blue and white yellow glazed gourd vase, with three layers of round belly, which is rendered with yellow glaze on the bottom layer. Experts speculate that such small gourd bottles were commonly used to hold perfumes, and this type of porcelain was known as "Batavia porcelain" and was very popular in Europe at the time.
Lan Minhong, associate researcher and director of the conservation department of Zhenjiang Museum: At that time, European merchants would provide samples or models according to the local market demand to specify the type of porcelain they needed to produce them.
Source: CCTV news client