2024-04-20 16:18
Source: China Education Daily
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Strengthening basic research is a key element in building a strong country in science and technology and education. In April 2023, the Ministry of Education launched the "101 Plan" for basic disciplines in the fields of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biological sciences, basic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, economics, and philosophy on the basis of the exploration of the "101 Plan" for computers.
On April 19 this year, the basic discipline series "101 Plan" work promotion meeting and computer "101 Plan" results exchange meeting was held in Beijing. As a work plan for the reform of undergraduate education and teaching organized and implemented by the Ministry of Education, what is the progress and experience of the "101 Plan" of basic disciplines, and how does the "101 Plan" lay a solid foundation for the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents?
Build a strong foundation——
Putting the finishing touches on the leading higher education sector
To build a strong country in education, the leader is higher education, and the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents is the key. In December 2021, the "101 Project" was first launched in the computer field. The binary number composed of "0" and "1" is the foundation of computer language, and the name "101" points to clarity - the plan starts from the basics, focuses on the basic laws of education and teaching, focuses on the basic elements, and strives to cultivate top-notch innovative talents. From the pilot computer field, to the basic disciplines and key fields such as new engineering, new agriculture, new medicine, and new liberal arts, the "101 Plan" aims to "put the finishing touch".
Do relatively mature disciplines still need to do the "101 Plan"? The answer is yes. Gao Yuanning, a professor at Peking University, expressed his thoughts: "Although physics is relatively mature, its development has not stopped, and it is even accelerating. The development of physics is not only an increase in knowledge, but also a profound change in the way human beings understand the world, and improve the ability of human beings to explore the world, which should gradually sink into education. ”
At the same time, in the face of the subversive impact of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence technology on the field of education, the computer "101 Project" has taken the initiative. "Universities, publishers and enterprises have worked together to build a large education model 'Zhihai-Sanle' that is deeply integrated with AI courses, and promote the integration of generative AI technology into education and teaching practice. Wu Fei, the person in charge of the core course "Introduction to Artificial Intelligence" of the "Computer" 101 Program and a professor at Zhejiang University, said.
"We will promote the excellent construction experience and model to more basic disciplines and urgently needed fields, and gradually increase the coverage rate of various professional categories, so as to provide strong support for the construction of a high-quality talent training system. The head of the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education said.
Stick to the key -
Curriculum Reform "Small Incision" Traction to Solve the "Big Problem" of Talent Training
The construction of core curriculum is the top priority of deepening the reform of talent training in basic disciplines. According to the person in charge of the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education, the "101 Plan" of the basic discipline series will focus on the construction of about 10 core courses in each field, and strive to build a number of first-class core courses with high-level, innovative and challenging degrees, so as to improve the quality of training top-notch innovative talents in basic disciplines.
At present, the core curriculum system of "core curriculum + knowledge graph" in the field of computer science has been completed, and 12 core courses have been built, forming a core curriculum knowledge graph covering more than 110 modules and more than 650 key knowledge points. The construction of the core curriculum system is also being carried out in other subject areas.
After the construction of the core curriculum system, how to improve the effectiveness of the classroom needs to be paid attention to urgently. Teachers are an important support for talent training, and curriculum reform to promote the construction of teachers is also the focus of the "101 Plan" of basic disciplines. One of the key tasks of the "101 Plan" of chemistry is the construction of core teaching plans, "We focus on the improvement of teaching methods and teaching methods, and build a set of core teaching plan systems that condense the wisdom of backbone teachers, contain teachers' academic thoughts, understanding of teaching materials and teaching methods, and hope to condense more teachers' wisdom and form teaching plans with rapid adaptability and continuous improvement." Gao Song, a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, said that at present, 260 teaching plans have been completed for each course of chemistry, covering 50% of the subject knowledge points, which will lead more teachers to improve their teaching level.
In addition, classroom observation and communication seminars were also frequently mentioned by the participating experts. "Each course group carries out online teaching and research, teaching resource sharing and other activities through the virtual teaching and research room. Shi Yigong, a professor at Westlake University, introduced the measures of the "101 Plan" of biological sciences to build a faculty team.
"Students generally think that the core courses are taught less, and the cases and problems are more considered, and students need to spend more time on researching materials and group discussions, which makes their knowledge more solid, and their logical thinking, language expression, text design and other abilities are improved. Zhang Boli, a professor at Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, introduced the changes that have taken place in the classroom after the curriculum reform in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.
Practicing internal skills hard –
Strengthen the basic elements and promote the reform of education and teaching
Reform is the curriculum to the depths, the teaching materials to the practice, the practice to the difficulties, and the teachers to the sore spots. Promoting the construction of basic elements and promoting the cultivation of talents from "knowledge-oriented" to "ability-oriented" corresponds to the "internal strength" of cultivating top-notch innovative talents, and it is also the key task of promoting the implementation of the "101 Plan".
"We focus on the laws of education and teaching, and promote the continuous transformation of undergraduate education and teaching mode in the field of computer science by focusing on core courses, core teaching materials, core practice projects and core teacher team building. Hu Zhenjiang, head of the working group of the "101 Plan" in the field of computer and professor of Peking University, introduced.
The "101 Plan" of the basic discipline series combines the construction of core courses, and builds about 10 kinds of core textbooks in each field, shows the frontier of disciplines, promotes the construction of a textbook system with independent knowledge system as the core, explores the construction of new forms of textbooks based on knowledge graphs, and strives to build a number of first-class core textbooks that reflect the international academic frontier and have Chinese characteristics. "The construction of the textbook system is not a simple list, even if it is the same textbook, different teachers have different theories and pursuits, which can bring different learning perspectives to students. Gao Yuanning said.
Practice is the key link to improve students' ability, and the "101 Plan" of basic disciplines will incorporate cutting-edge issues and practical projects of scientific research and industrial development into talent training and continue to update, and strive to build a number of first-class practical projects that integrate science and education, industry and education.
"Guide students to consciously develop the theoretical innovation ability of 'knowing by doing', and avoid simply applying existing theories and models to the practice of China's economic development, transformation and operation. Lin Yifu, a professor at Peking University, introduced the principles of the practical project construction of the "101 Plan" of economics.
Author: Zheng Yi, trainee reporter of this newspaper