Author: Li Yunmei (Hebei Huailai)
"Those who know me say that I am worried, and those who do not know me say what I want", many people should be familiar with this sentence, but if you ask its source, I believe that many people are as at a loss as me.
Today, in the open class of the literature class of the University for the Elderly, the gentle and wise teacher Liu Xiaoran gave a lecture on the Book of Poetry, and Wang Feng's first lesson "Huang Li" made me suddenly enlightened.
This lyrical poem is about a doctor of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, who returned to the hometown of the Western Zhou Dynasty after many years of uprooting his hometown with the Western Zhou Dynasty, but the prosperous Zongmiao palace has disappeared, and in front of him is a patch of lush grass fields, the protagonist's steps are slow, his mood is heavy, he is intoxicated, and he wanders in this field of corn and grass in a daze, and repeatedly asks the secluded sky? Who can tell me how my prosperous old city became what it is now? Who made us leave our homeland and lose our homeland? is a short poem, but it allows us to see that the protagonist is full of compassion and extreme sadness and melancholy for the fallen Western Zhou clan.
The whole poem, a total of three chapters, its main feature is the use of overlapping words, looping and singing, Mr. Liu told us, this is the repetition of chapters, is the basic chapter structure of the "Book of Songs". She smiles and explains the difficult points, making the obscure ancient poem simple: the poem transforms only a few words, i.e., seedling, spike, fruit, shake, drunk, and choking, to express the course of time, movements, or changes in emotion. Everyone only needs to remember these six words, and the other poems remain unchanged, and then under the guidance of the teacher, everyone reads them first, and then tries to recite them in the teacher's subdued voice, and unexpectedly recited the whole poem in unison, which doubles our confidence in learning ancient poems.
This kind of poem about the loss of one's homeland and parting and writing about the rise and fall of the country was later called the sorrow of leaving and the feeling of mildness. It is the foundation of the Chinese nation's feelings for the country. This kind of poetry with deep love and infinite returns has opened a precedent for literary creation based on the past and the present against the background of the change of dynasties.
From Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane": "In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people", to Wang Anshi's "Guizhixiang Jinling Nostalgia": "The old things of the Six Dynasties follow the flowing water, but the cold smoke fades and the grass is green. And then to Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow": "Ten miles of spring breeze, as green as the wheat is green", all of which reflect the cultural connotation and national spirit from "Huang Li". In particular, the sentence "Reading the Heaven and Earth, Alone and Weeping" in Chen Ziang's "Song of Dengyouzhou" can be said to echo the poem "Long sky, who is this".
From the modern Taiwanese poet Yu Guangzhong's "Homesickness", it is not difficult to see that the author misses his hometown on the other side of the strait and longs for the reunification of the two sides of the strait.
When I was a child, nostalgia was a small stamp,
I'm on this side, and my mother is on the other side.
Growing up, nostalgia is a narrow ticket,
I'm on this end, and the bride is on the other side.
Later, nostalgia is a low grave,
I'm outside, and my mother is inside.
And now, nostalgia is a shallow strait,
I'm on this side, and the mainland is on the other side.
This poem is a classic representative of the national tradition of modern people inheriting the classical poetry of the mainland, "the sorrow of leaving and the love of millet grass".
For ordinary people, whether it is the sorrow of things and people, or the worry that it is difficult to find a bosom friend, or the sigh of the vicissitudes of the world, people can find the emotional resonance that fits the soul from the poem Huang Li.
So how did the Western Zhou Dynasty rise and fall?
Then, the simple and friendly teacher Liu started from how the Six Classics "Poems", "Books", "Rites", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" became classics and symbols of Confucianism, and told how the Western Zhou Dynasty created Zhou rites, formed the core content of Chinese traditional culture, unified the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Jianghuai region, and laid the axis of China's territory in later generations. The Chinese nation, the main nation of the Chinese nation, has been formed. Finally, the title "China" was born, laying the foundation for the name of the mainland.
It turns out that the Chinese nation and China began in the Western Zhou Dynasty 3,000 years ago, and the foundation of Chinese culture has such a long history, so that we, the descendants, are deeply proud and proud! Teacher Liu then talked eloquently: As for the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were many reasons: the earthquake in the second year of King You's succession, the drying up of the Jing, Wei, and Luo rivers, and the collapse of Qishan. Youwang smiled for the Pomeranians, the princes of the beacon fire play, only then did they have the Hehe Zong Zhou, the origin of the extinction, and finally abolished the heirs, the invasion of foreign enemies was frequent, and the Zhou Dynasty had to move eastward, how much prosperity was ruined in one fell swoop, so that there was the sadness of the protagonist returning to the old capital in "Huang Li", so that when King Ping founded the country in Luoyi, he could only rely on the power of the princes, and since then he has fallen into the control of the princes, and the princes have dominated one side and launched a war for 500 years, which is what later generations called: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States.
Everyone followed the rhythm of the teacher, indulged in her colorful explanation, and mastered this historical knowledge very easily, the two-hour class has come to an end, the classroom has resounded with warm applause, everyone's face is full of happy and happy smiles, especially the new students, have said: "Teacher Liu spoke so well, it is simply a spiritual enjoyment" At the same time, we are glad to have such a good learning opportunity after retirement, to have an in-depth understanding of China's 5,000-year-old cultural history, to inherit and carry forward the Chinese spirit, and to let the brilliant classical literature illuminate our future life journey.
Editor: Niu Yixin/Li Xunxiu/Song Zhanlin, Editorial Department of Qingyanwei Literature