The Heavenly Dao civilization is a social civilization formed by human beings with humans and gods as the core, astronomical calendars as natural laws, and humanities and gods in the ancient space-time field, forming the cosmology, time and space, life, values, astronomical views, etc. of ancient human beings. It is the eternal civilization gene of the Chinese nation.

In the ancient Chinese astronomical system, astronomy and the calendar are inseparable, astronomy contains celestial phenomena and meteorological information, and the calendar is the summary and expression of astronomical laws. Therefore, in the Tiandao Huaxia calendar, whether it is the dry branch calendar, the luck calendar, or the lunisolar calendar, it is a true portrayal of astronomical phenomena, and after tens of thousands of years of continuous correction, it has become more and more accurate. Focusing on "Ancient China's Heavenly Dao Concept of Time and Space", this paper explores the differences and applications of ancient and modern texts, interprets three cosmological theories: Gaitian, Hun Tian, and Xuanye, and clarifies three coordinate systems: horizon coordinate system, ecliptic coordinate system, and equatorial coordinate system.

The Heavenly Dao civilization pays attention to the correlation between the whole and the part, and the Yin and Yang Theory and the Five Elements Shengke Theory born from this can be said to be the genes of all Chinese civilizations, and there is no classical doctrine that is separated from the Yin and Yang Five Elements. The two classic masterpieces "I Ching" and "Neijing" are mostly astronomical content, and without an astronomical foundation, these two classics must not be thoroughly learned.

Ancient spatio-temporal field

Why is the Chinese civilization a heavenly civilization?

Since the birth of modern astronomy, various sub-industries have emerged, such as military astronomy, nautical astronomy, and aeronautical astronomy. Due to the transformation of the status of China and the West in modern times, the current world astronomical system is mainly established by Westerners, and contemporary China itself is in this world system. In other words, in the field of modern astronomy, ancient Chinese astronomy has taken a back seat.

The planets around the Earth are moving far and near, and the laws are complex. Compared with the study of the structure of these stars, the ancients paid more attention to their operation rules, light and shade, and orientation...... This summarizes their impact on the earth (people and all things) (yin and yang changes).

Traditional culture pays attention to the correlation between the whole and the part, and the theory of yin and yang and the theory of the five elements born from it can be said to be the gene of all Chinese civilizations, and there is no classical doctrine that is separated from the five elements of yin and yang.

The two classic masterpieces "I Ching" and "Neijing" are mostly astronomical content, and without an astronomical foundation, these two classics must not be thoroughly learned.

"Canglong West Corner Moon, lonely dreams fall slightly. (Lu You's "Sickness")

"The golden wind rises at night and the summer is harvested, blowing away the stars and fires, the river is sunny and the three islands are monthly, and the sycamore rain washes the autumn day. (Jin Yuming's "Autumn Night")

"Zhao Zhao Qing Hanhui, Cang Guangtian step, Morning Glory northwest back, Weaver Girl southeast Gu. (Lu Ji's "Poem on the Morning Glory")

……

There is astronomical knowledge in many classic poems. Astronomy is the root of traditional culture, and learning astronomy well can help understand traditional culture.

Ancient cosmology

Gai Tian said, Hun Tian said, Xuan Ye said

Gaitian, Hun Tian and Xuanye are the three major theories in ancient astronomy. Closely related to the first two theories are the concepts of the celestial sphere, the north pole, the Beidou, the three walls, the four elephants, the twenty-eight constellations, and the five stars of the sun and the moon, which constitute the framework and main vein of ancient astronomy.

The Gaitian theory is one of the earliest of all theories of the universe. There are also several different insights in the development process.

Gai Tian Shuo is also called "Zhou Ji Said", "Zhou" is Tian Zhou, "Ji " is the table stock, Tian Zhou is the rule, and the table stock is the moment ("Zhou Ji Sutra"). "Zhou Ji", simply put, is "Fang Yuan", "Tianyuan (Yuan) is like a cover, and the place is like a chess game" ("Zhou Ji Sutra"), which means that the sky is like a round umbrella cover, and the ground is like a square chessboard.

Gai Tian said

Under the volume of "Zhou Ji Sutra", it is proposed that "the heavenly phenomena cover the hat, and the earth law covers the plate", that is, it is believed that the heavenly dome is like a hat, and the earth is like a covered plate. The heavens and the earth are arched in the form of a middle height and drooping all sides.

Although the Gaitian theory is not perfect, it was the mainstream in the field of astronomy before the Han Dynasty. The representative of Gaitianshuo is the "Zhou Ji Sutra", which is rich in meaning, and has also become a necessary book for the study of ancient astronomy in the future.

The theory of armillary heaven is a celestial structure conceived by the ancient Han people on the basis of their naked eye observation with rich imagination.

Initially, it was thought that the earth was floating on water, but later it was suspended in air in order to deal with the problem of gyratory motion. Suspended in the air, it also opens up the movement theory of "the earth has four swims". According to the concept of the heavens, the stars of the Zhou Tian are distributed in the celestial sphere, and the sun and moon and the five stars orbit in the celestial sphere.

Hun Tian's last words are like Zhang Heng's words: "Hun Tian is like a chicken." The celestial bodies are round like projectiles, the earth is like a chicken in the middle yellow, and it lives alone in the sky, the sky is big and the earth is small. There is water in the sky, and the sky envelops the earth, and the shell is yellow. Heaven and earth stand by air, carrying water and floating. Three hundred and sixty-five degrees and one quarter of the week, and one of the middle of the day, then half one hundred and eighty-two degrees and five of eight minutes covered the earth, half around the ground, so the twenty-eight nights were half seen and half hidden. The two ends are called the North and South Poles. The north pole is also in the middle of the heavens, and it is thirty-six degrees above the earth due north. However, the diameter of the North Pole is 72 degrees, which is common and not hidden. In the middle of the Antarctic world, it is also in the south, thirty-six degrees into the earth. The seventy-two degrees of the southern gauge are often missing. The two poles are one hundred and eighty-two degrees apart, and half stronger. The sky turns like the luck of the hub, the circumference is unprovoked, its shape is muddy, so it is called the sky. (Armillary Notes)

▲ Armillary sphere image

▲ Muddy image

▲ Armillary sphere

Above are two important astronomical instruments based on the armillary theory.

Astronomical instruments play a pivotal role in the development of astronomy. Learn to use an astronomical instrument, and you can learn a lot about astronomy even if you don't read a book. Therefore, when learning astronomy, don't ignore astronomical instruments, which can make learning twice as effective with half the effort. If you have the opportunity, you can visit the ancient observatory.

Historically, the two schools of thought have debated fiercely for a long time. In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Xin Dufang pointed out that the Hun Tian said that it was to look down on the celestial phenomena from outside the sky, and the Gaitian theory was to look up at the celestial phenomena from the sky, and although the pitching angle was different, the reason was the same. As a result, the theory of "unity of mud and cover" emerged.

Compared with the two theories, the Hun Tian theory was more simple and easy to understand, so by the end of the Han Dynasty, this theory became the mainstream.

According to the system of covering the sky and the heavens, the sun, moon and stars all have a support, or they are attached to the heavenly canopy and move with the celestial canopy, or they are attached to the eggshell-shaped celestial sphere, which rises in the east and sets in the west. Xuanye said that "the sun, moon and stars naturally float in the void, and they must be angry when they do it." ”

"Zhuangzi: A Leisurely Journey": "The firmament of the sky is evil and its righteousness is evil, and its distance is far away and there is no extreme evil?" In a certain way, this can be regarded as an expression of the Xuanye theory.

Xuanya theory believes that the universe is boundless, and the celestial bodies are floating in gas. It was further thought that the celestial bodies themselves, distant stars, and the Milky Way were all made up of gas. I have to say that Xuanye is bold and novel, far beyond the imagination of ordinary people. There are many similarities between its views and today's astronomical conclusions, which shows that it was ahead of its time.

However, such a view of the universe actually reduces the significance of observation and measurement, and can only stay at the level of speculation. Perhaps for political reasons (because this theory does not point to a single center, which is not in line with the political significance of the ruler's sole power symbolized by the North Star Arch), this hypothesis has been lost or unknown since the Han Dynasty.

Paleocoordinate system

Horizon coordinate system, ecliptic coordinate system, equatorial coordinate system

The first problem that people need to solve when making stellar observations is to determine the exact position of celestial bodies on the celestial sphere, and this basic requirement has led to the creation of a series of coordinate systems.

In ancient China, the main spherical coordinate systems were horizon coordinates, ecliptic coordinates and equatorial coordinates, among which the horizon coordinate system was the earliest and most intuitive, and the equatorial coordinate system was the most widely used in the ancient Chinese astronomical tradition.

Horizon coordinates are based on the zenith, horizon circle, quadrangular point, and meridian circle, and its two coordinate components are horizon height and square bearing.

The horizon coordinates take the observer as the origin, and intuitively express the up, down and four directions where the observer is located.

Observing celestial phenomena was the most important work of ancient kings, because China is located in the northern hemisphere, and the traditional method of observing and timing is to observe the stars in the south and the middle sky, so sitting in the north and facing south has gradually become the habitual direction of ancient kings. In this humanistic tradition, which is determined by the timing of the observation, the north of the king corresponds to the position of the emperor symbolized by the north pole of the sky, so the north is the starting point of the direction.

The first and twelfth earthly branches of Hetu Tiansheng, the winter solstice that begins at the age of one year, and the stars where the ancient winter solstice begins, all start from due north, clockwise from north to east, to south, to west, and finally return to the north to start the next cycle.

In ancient China, the more elaborate buildings or houses sat in the north and faced south, so that the north facing the door was generally used as the ancestral tablet. Usually there are important gatherings, and this is also the place where the highest elders sit, indicating the most honorable.

In addition to the humanistic meaning of respect and inferiority, there is also the principle of yin and yang. To the south, you can absorb more of the yang energy of the sky, and to the sun you will be born. In summer, the plants and fruits are the most luxuriant, because of the abundance of yang energy in summer.

The roots or branches of the plant are relatively more lush on the south-facing side, also because they absorb more yang energy to the south.

▲ Kei Table

▲ Flat sundial

The horizon coordinate system is very widely used, and the table and the horizon sundial in astronomical instruments are also the applications of horizon coordinates.

The ecliptic coordinate system in ancient China originated from the ancient people's understanding of the apparent trajectory of the sun.

The apparent motion of the Sun appears every day as an angular distance of about one degree eastward in the background of the stars, roughly one revolution per year, relative to an observer on Earth. This annual apparent motion of the Sun on the celestial sphere is the ecliptic. Although this kind of observation has a very long history, the earliest ancestors did not define this orbit as the "ecliptic", but prescribed 28 constellations, and regarded the constellations as "the house of the sun and the moon". Many people believe that there was no concept of the zodiac in ancient times, and there were no ecliptic coordinates, and this view itself is debatable.

The celestial equator is a great circle formed by the outward extension of the Earth's equatorial plane and its intersection with the celestial sphere. China's equatorial coordinate system is actually based on the stellar coordinate system composed of the ancient 28 Nakshatras, and if the original 28 Nakshatras were established based on the Yellow Equatorial Mixed Belt, the equatorial coordinates are the accuracy of this ancient coordinate system.

In the equatorial coordinate system, the position of the celestial body is represented by two coordinate components: the extreme and the occupancy. Each of the 28 Nakshatras has a star that serves as a standard for measuring other stars, called elongation.

The establishment of China's equatorial coordinate system is closely related to the ancient Chinese tradition of attaching importance to the observation of stars in the Arctic Circle. The equatorial coordinate system and the armillary theory are actually the same thing, so it is also directly called the armillary theory. In Chinese history, the equatorial coordinate system is also the most widely used and longest-used system.

"Zhou Ji Sutra" cloud: "Those who know the earth are wise, and those who know the sky are sacred." ”

Those who respond to the heavens must first rule the calendar.

China has always attached great importance to agriculture, and developed agriculture has supported a strong politics. Farming and political affairs are both inseparable from the observation of the stars of the Zhou sky, and related matters need to be done with the help of the stargazing platform. Under the idea of respecting heaven and giving time, the observatory undoubtedly has the symbolic meaning of the mandate of heaven and royal power.

There have been a number of stargazing platforms with epochal significance in history, which have either disappeared or survived, and they are all worthy of our search for "China".

Five Qi through the sky

1. Figure five

The Five Qi Jingtianhua Five Fortune Diagram is an overall graph that has been integrated over the years. I have divided it into five parts: 1) the outer side of the outermost circle is the quadripartite system, 2) the outermost circle of 365.25 degrees of the circumferential system and the Wuji equinox, 3) the second circle from the outside to the inside of the trunk branch system and the eight trigrams, 4) the third circle and the fourth circle of the 28 nakshatra system, 5) the inner circle - the five colored heavens (Huangtian, Sutian, Xuantian, Cangtian, Dantian). Let's take a closer look at each section.

2. Inner circle 1 - five-color sky (黅天, Sutian, Xuantian, Cangtian, Dantian)

The core of the five qi is the five qi as shown in the figure. In this exploded view, we can observe the following phenomena:

1) Five color bars: yellow, gray, black, green, red;2) Two curved color bars, black sky and Dantian, three straight color bars, plain sky, sky, Xuantian;3) Each color bar has a certain width, because of this width, when it passes through the stars, it often spans two constellations;4) In the picture, the five stars of gold, wood, water, fire and earth, Taibai (Venus) corresponds to the plain sky, that is, the white sky, the year star (Jupiter) corresponds to the blue sky, the town star (Saturn) corresponds to the yellow sky, the star (Mercury) corresponds to the Xuantian that is, the black sky, and the glow (Mars) corresponds to the Dantian that is, the red sky.

2) We now know that the orbital period of Zhenxing (Saturn) is 29.46 years, and a Jiazi Saturn has a slight circumference around the Earth twice. It stops at one star every year, so it is called the town star. Mercury, the closest to the sun, always seems to swing on both sides of the sun, and the farthest distance from the sun is not more than 30 degrees, ancient China divided the day into 12 days, each chen is about 30 degrees, so Mercury is called the star, and on the diagram we simply calculate the span of more than 150 degrees, so the black bar is not the trajectory of Mercury; plus the 28 nakshatras cannot be seen all, only half of them are seen, so the five color bars are not seen at the same time. From Tianganjia to Tianganji, there is an interval of five years, and if it is a trajectory, it is not possible to see it all at once. So we can rule out that the five-color bar is the trajectory of the five stars.

3) According to the figure, these five color bars are hierarchical, and the order of these five color bars is earth, metal, water, wood, and fire according to the perspective of the year, and wood, fire, earth, gold, and water according to the perspective of the main movement. According to the passenger transport is also the order of the five elements, and the comparison with the above levels, they can't be combined, so this level is drawn casually?

4) According to scriptures such as "the qi of the heavens, through the end of the heart", "through the heart", "through the in" can be interpreted as the passage, can also be "horizontal" meaning. We can have a preliminary guess that these five-color bars are the qi of the horizontal wall in the sky, which is the direct observation of the observer or some kind of induction, scientifically speaking, it is some kind of celestial phenomenon, and it is a record and comprehensive pattern for many years.

3. Inner Ring 1 - Twenty-eight Nakshatras

We are very familiar with this, twenty-eight nakshatras. The points we need to pay attention to are:

1) The twenty-eight constellations here clearly distinguish four pieces, each marked with four colors, and should be four images.

2) This is the area of the four elephants that we are familiar with, the green dragon in the east, the red bird in the south, the white tiger in the west, and the Xuanwu in the north, and these four elephants are not evenly divided into the circumference. The degrees occupied by our 28 constellations are all measured and full of differences, not theoretical equal divisions, reflecting that humanity should be in line with the way of heaven, rather than making the way of heaven conform to humanity. In terms of volume, the Vermilion Bird is the largest, accounting for 112 degrees, and the Oriental Qinglong is the smallest, accounting for 75 degrees. The white tiger in the west occupies 98 degrees, and the northern Xuanwu occupies 98 degrees, so the four weeks are divided, a total of 365 degrees, and a return year is 365.25 degrees, we know that the degree of the week in the five fortunes and six qi is also 365.25 degrees, and the 0.25 degrees missing from the circumference of this figure may be omitted in the drawing, and it is not accurate to one decimal place.

3) Based on the precession, the celestial phenomena shown in this diagram are around 2000 BC. The precession cycle is about 26,000 years, and it runs one degree counterclockwise in 71.2 years. This year's celestial phenomenon, the observation of the stars at the winter solstice point, the twelve earthly branches point to the Keiju, and this map points to the void, the difference between the two sutras is approximately 56 degrees, nearly 4,000 years apart.

The Xia Dynasty (c. 2070-1600 BC) was the first hereditary dynasty recorded in Chinese history books, in the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age. We can say that this is the celestial chart of the Xia Dynasty, and it is the observation record of the ancients at that time. Did the Xia Dynasty observe such advanced celestial phenomena? The Emperor of Yaodian said, "Consultation! There are six days in the three hundred days, and the four hours are fixed in the leap month, and the age is full. Allow 100 work, and the performance is Xianxi. Yao Shun knew that the age was 366 days, and it was logical to measure it to be 365.25 days in the Xia Dynasty. If we use this graph, precession is to be taken into account, and precession can be converted.

4.内环2——天干地支八卦

This link is the core, speaking of the main one, this is the key to understanding the five luck and six qi, and look at the details observed:

This ring is composed of the 12 earthly branch system (12 full manifestations), the 10 heavenly stem system (only 8, absent Wuji) and the acquired Bagua system (only showing the Qiankun Genxun, the four trigrams in the four corners). Feng Shui calls these 24 points the twenty-four mountains, which are used for spatial positioning, and the 24 are divided into circles. For a compass, the circumference is 360 degrees. In the five-luck and six-qi system, the circumference is 365.25 degrees.

5. The outermost circle is 365.25 degrees Celsius and Wuji Fentian

This ring is the right ascension difference spanned by the four elephants. And the so-called division of E and self represent the gate of heaven and the household. Wuji is the sequence of heavenly stems, and the dichotomy is a kind of boundary, Wuji corresponds to the earth line, Wu, the qi of the yang and the earth, like the gate of heaven, corresponding to the position of the gossip of the day after tomorrow, and the season corresponds to the beginning of winter. Self, the breath of the yin earth, like the earth, corresponds to the Xun hexagram of the gossip of the day after tomorrow, and the season corresponds to the beginning of summer.

6. Outside - the Quartet is infinite

The outermost side has four directions, southeast, northwest, which is the orientation of the celestial equator, and the celestial sphere rotates from east to west. Each direction, southeast, northwest, and northwest also correspond to colors, corresponding to the four colors of black, white, red, and green, which are in the four positive positions.

1) This can be thought of as a horizon coordinate system, quadrangular five.

2) This direction is different from our current perception of the north, down, south, left, west, right, east, from a political point of view, it can be said that we look at the land from the perspective of the North Pole. The perspective of standing in the North Pole is the perspective of the outside of the earth, the perspective of "God". We also often say that it is the view of the world to the south of the king. This is our unique perspective as a Chinese. From the technical perspective of an astronomical officer, it is to study the celestial phenomena with the sun as the core from the north and face south, and record the relevant images.

3) The addition of a Wuji is intended to expand the space enclosed by the Quartet, the space outside the Quartet, as well as the three-dimensional and multi-dimensional space. This plan is two-dimensional, so to speak, a celestial equatorial cross-section. Then with the addition of the north and south poles, it is a three-dimensional spatial map - the celestial sphere, which also represents the idea of armillary theory.

Coupled with the operation of time, this celestial sphere is a four-dimensional celestial sphere, if you add the deepening understanding over the ages, it is an N-dimensional system, so it seems to be a plane diagram, but in fact it is an N-dimensional complex system, corresponding to the Xuanye theory, full of unknown and vitality.

Five Luck Qi

"Su Wen Tianyuan Era Treatise" pointed out: "The age of Jiaji (1/6) is the age of the earth and the unification of the earth, the age of Yigeng (2/7) is the unification of the gold transport, the age of the propylene (3/8) is the unification of the water transport, the age of the Ding Ren (4/9) is the unification of the wood transport, and the age of the pentocene (5/10) is the unification of the fire transport." (Note: 1 to 10 in the ten days, the scriptures are not, the author adds as above Jiaji (1/6), is there a noon between Jiaji? The order of earth, metal, water, wood, and fire is still in line with the principle of the five elements. "The Great Treatise on Five Operations" says: "Reading the text of the "Taishi Tianyuan Book", it says: The qi of Dantian is divided into the Niu Nu, the qi of heaven is divided at the end of the heart, the qi of the sky is passed through the willow ghost of the dangerous room, the qi of Sutian passes through Kang Angbi, and the qi of Xuantian passes through Zhang Yilou's stomach. The so-called Wu has been divided, Kui, wall, corner, and Zhen, then the gateway of heaven and earth. The beginning of the husband's waiting, the birth of the Tao, must be passed. "We can see this correspondence on the Five Qi Jing Tianhua Five Fortune Chart.

Specifically, how to turn the five qi into five luck, there is a very mature way of pushing steps, five tones are healthy, and too few five tones are born together; five steps are very mature techniques, which are introduced in detail in the professional book of five luck and six qi, and it is a calculation problem. The foundation of the astronomical calendar, the foundation of the five tones and twelve laws, and the ideological foundation of the five elements of yin and yang behind it are worth thinking about.

Heavenly Humanities

A diagram illustrates the academic structure of classical heaven and earth

1. The horizon system and the Gaitian theory

The outermost side belongs to the four directions of the earth, we can see the local heavenly circle, which is the most intuitive display of this picture, this picture can be understood as the Gaitian theory (the sky is round and the place is static), it can also be understood as the armillary heaven theory (the celestial sphere is three-dimensional, dynamic), and even can be applied to the Xuanye theory (the Tao of the infinite and gasified). The golden nest and silver nest are not as good as their own grass nest, no matter how big the universe is, in the end, we must return to the earth, pay attention to people, and govern the world. This is also my personal understanding and importance of the four directions of the earth.

There are east, west, north and south four directions, there are five places in the east and west, north and south, and five places in the four directions, according to the simple idea should originate from our Gaitian theory, the sky is round and the place is round, this earth "square", we must carefully grasp, do not simply understand that the earth is square, but the earth is positioned by itself through the "four directions and five positions", which is a coordinate reference system, which is convenient for calculation and accurate positioning of oneself and the time and space position of the ethnic group. Our "Zhou Ji Sutra" is based on astronomical geometry and mathematics based on the theory of heaven and space. How was the precise quadripartite position of the horizon originally determined? It was determined by the great and simple technique of pole measurement, specifically the Quartet.

2. The connotation of "in".

Speaking of the four directions, the focus should be on "medium". From an initial concept of orientation (earth) to political concepts (Zhaizi China), then to cultural concepts (Yun Zhi Zhong, the golden mean), and then to the metaphysical category of "Tao" (the unity of heaven and man). In the category of culture and Taoism, constantly integrating people's hearts and the universe, the connection between heaven and man is established, and culture has gone through three processes: naivety (chaotic initial division, primitive observation and timing) to maturity (precise and systematic astronomical calendar) and then back to naivety (the formation of human culture, the unity of heaven and humanity).

Let's look back at this graph, and the five-colored sky is also in this middle area. In this, the connotation is different, it can be said to be the median of the armillary sphere, using the 28 constellations on the celestial equator to locate these stars, but in fact, the five stars orbit near the ecliptic plane in the celestial sphere.

3. Lianshan calendar and 28 constellations

There is a view that the 14 mountains in the east and west and the 14 mountains in the north and south, just like the cooperation of the Guibiao and the sundial, the combined 28 mountains are projected into the sky, and there are 28 constellations (see Mr. Zhang Yuanshan's work). With this 28 constellations, in the process of long-term application, it gradually stripped away from the 28 mountains and became an independent way of observing the heavenly path. From the 28 constellations, the ancients easily combined with the Big Dipper and the Big Dipper. Our Xuanji Yuheng is to observe the North Star and the Beidou. The ancients have been observing the Big Dipper and the North Star for a long time, and may be older than the pole measurement, which is the source of the armillary theory. The establishment and continuous improvement of the 28 constellations have made the Hun Tian Theory more systematic, and at the same time, it is also more closely related to the Gaitian Theory. In the armillary sphere, as one of the three subjects, the four-game instrument is used to measure the position of the stars, and the measurement of the basic parameters of the 28 constellations is also what astronomical officials are committed to.

From Gaitian to Hun Tian, it is said that it is a change in the way the ancients observed it. Why do you say this, the missing part of the night is completed, so the Hun Tian theory is more comprehensive than the Gai Tian theory, but what, the Hun Tian theory is based on the Gai Tian theory, and the two must be combined, so it is said that "one yin and one yang is the Tao", not that the old is thrown away when there is a new. As for the theory from Hun Tian to Xuan Ye, it is the law of heaven and earth that we seem to grasp, or will it change, and the Tao cannot be exhausted, but can only be mastered and applied in a limited way. Xuanye is said to be a cosmology of gasification, and at the application level, it is more about making the armillary theory and the Gaitian theory never solidify, always maintain vitality, and continue to improve with technological innovation. Xuan Ye said that this can be said to be taking away the spherical shell of the outer layer of the celestial sphere, revealing the original face of the entire heavenly dao. Based on the horizon system, stability is the basis of the astronomical calendar, there are techniques and numbers, there are respect and inferiority, can be extended to a stable political civilization system, mostly accepted by temple politics, is the foundation of building Chinese culture and politics. Politically correct, solid foundation.

The theory of armillary heaven and the theory of Xuanye contain more astronomical connotations, and are mostly used in the astronomical calendar. In particular, Xuan Ye said that constantly denying oneself and innovating oneself embodies the ultimate spirit of exploration in Chinese scholarship.

Then, naturally, the Big Dipper - the Big Dipper Seven Stars - the Three Walls - the Twenty-eight Constellations - the Seven Politics - the Fields - the Observation of Time - the Astronomical Calendar - Humanistic Civilization - Political and Folk Customs - Heavenly Dao, this system was established, and the five fortunes and six qi were the specific applications of such a system.

4. The relationship between the stem branch system, the Bagua system and the sun and the moon and the five stars shown in this diagram

The ten days are dry, and the more reliable statement is the October calendar, that is, the return of the sun to the year into ten petals, why ten? It may be the reason for the monsoon, five seasons a year, and then yin and yang, or maybe we all have a pair of hands, each hand has five fingers. It is also said to be a ten-year cycle, similar to decimal counting. The twelve earthly branches, or the return of the sun to the twelfth minute of the year, why the twelve minutes, there are several sources here, one is the source of the mountain calendar, that is, 4×3, two points and two solstices and one division into three, such a mathematical concept; one is the need to coincide with the lunar calendar; there is the twelve laws of Lu, blowing soot experimental earth qi measurement, such an ethereal and very magical source. The October and December calendars, and even the lunar calendar, may belong to different ethnic groups, and in the process of ethnic integration (mostly mutual wars), the luni-solar calendar was eventually formed, and the October calendar was eliminated (the Yi people still use the October calendar). The Ganzhi calendar may be a comprehensive calendar that combines sexagesimal notation with the October, December and lunar calendars, as well as the precise observation of the five planets.

4.1. What is the root cause of the head and tail positioning of the Ganzhi Bagua?

Why is the child positioned there, why is A and B positioned there, and the acquired gossip formula position has been determined, so why is it placed like this? What is the difference between it and the innate gossip?

As soon as we put the celestial sphere like this, we can understand that the connection between the heavenly gate and the earthly axis is the same. And the nesting of acquired gossip and innate gossip is understandable. We can understand the eight directions represented by the gossip of the day after tomorrow, the four positive and four corners, which are the east earthquake and the south away from the west to the north kan, the northeast gen, the southeast Xun, the southwest kun and the northwest Qian, and the eight directions are positioned. The meridian unitary is conjunct with the four positives, and the three points and four positives are located, and the twelve earthly branches are located. A and B are matched with oriental wood, propylene is matched with southern fire, Wuji is matched with central (polar axis) soil, Gengxin is matched with western gold, and non is matched with northern water, so the acquired gossip, twelve earthly branches, and ten heavenly stems are matched in this way, which can be regarded as seamless. Then we know that these 24 mountains are anchored with the Quartet. In astronomy, it is like a fixed observatory, or the earth where our ancestors have lived for generations. The innate gossip is the time and space of the celestial sphere, which reflects the balance of restraint and corresponds to the river map, and the acquired gossip is the time and space of the Chinese land, which is endless, rising and falling, and more than moving, corresponding to Luoshu. The movement of the human body's internal organs corresponds to the acquired gossip.

4.2 What is the relationship with the 28 nakshatras?

We also said that the 24 mountains are ground observation stations, so what are the observations? Of course, the sun and the moon and the North Pole and the Big Dipper. We can understand why there is a diagram and scale of the 28 constellations here, which implies our North Pole, the Big Dipper, the Sun and the Moon. It also opened up the passage with the astronomical calendar. Not much to say here. It is added that our 12 hexagrams are therefore combined with the 12 earthly branches, with the compound hexagram and one yang to compound the sub-position, and the others in turn corresponding to each other. The 24 solar terms are also 24 mountains, and the winter solstice is arranged clockwise.

5. Changes in the gate and the precession

E, the air of the yang earth, like the gate of heaven, corresponds to the Qiangua of the day after tomorrow, and before the Kun hexagram of the twelve trigrams, there is a solar term, this time is to close the gate of heaven, corresponding to the beginning of the winter point in the year, and the beginning of the winter is the collection point. Self, the breath of the yin earth, like the earth, corresponds to the Xun hexagram of the acquired gossip, and before the twelve trigrams, there is a solar term, this time is to open the household, in the year corresponding to the summer point, is the summer long point. "Yi Chuan • Department of Words" "The door is called the kun (six painting hexagrams), the household is said to be dry, the change is said to be closed, and the exchanges are not endless." "This is the key to our understanding of the gateway to heaven and earth, and it is also the key to the movement of heaven and earth. Wuji also has another explanation, one says that it is located in the central soil, one says that it is in the long summer, and the other says that it is 18 days before and after the junction between the four seasons, a total of 4 * 18 = 72 days, and the four seasons of the week. We have solved the problem of the central land and the four seasons of the week and the long summer here, and it has not yet been solved. In view of the problem of long summer, some scholars now believe that the monsoon can be introduced, and the rainy season in the south, such as Shanghai, can be used as a reference. The geographical trend from northwest to southeast, the cold plateau in the north and the sea in the southeast, are the cause of the monsoon and rainy seasons.

Zhang Jiebin's "Quasi-Sutra Tuyi Kuibi Corner of the Portal of Heaven and Earth" said: "The seven political degrees of Zhou Tian are the spring equinox in the middle of February, the beginning of the sun, and the second to the south,...... , November into the end, Kei, December into the fight, the bull, the first month into the woman, virtual, dangerous, to February to resume in the spring equinox and into the Kui, wall. It is the length of the day, the simmering of the time, and the germination of all things, all starting from the kui and the wall, and the shortness of the day, the cold of the time, and the collection of all things, all starting from the corner and the beginning. Therefore, the spring equinox is opened, and the autumn equinox is closed. The husband is open and closed, or it is not the door. From Kui, the wall and the south, the sun is on the yang road, so it is called the gate of heaven; ”

Zhang Jingyue (1563~1640), whose real name is Jiebin, is about 400 years ago, according to the precession, and today is 6 degrees different. "The end of November, Kei" is based on actual observations at that time.

▲ The 28 Nakshatras are rotated 50 degrees on the basis of the original map

The germination of all things also starts from Kui and the wall, the shortness of the day, the cold of the time, and the collection of all things also start from the corner and the beginning. Therefore, the spring equinox is opened, and the autumn equinox is closed. The husband is open and closed, or it is not the door.

We can see that the equinox is in the east and west positions, which is also the position of the spring and autumn equinoxes.

Now, in 2019, we need to turn 56 degrees on the basis of the original image.

▲ The 28 Nakshatras rotate 56 degrees on the basis of the original image

According to the above logic, if you come to Tianmen Dihu, the location of Tianmen Dihu has changed again, probably in the position of Bailu and Dahan.

The relationship between our earth and the sun and the moon and the five stars, the largest weight is based on the relationship between the sun and the earth, the sun can be positioned in such an accurate way as a pole shadow measurement, while the moon and the five stars are difficult to locate in this way, we need to use the 28 constellations to position, and the circle of the 28 constellations, because of the precession, rotates counterclockwise very slowly, so we need to transform it when we use the original data. I have a reflection, when we use the ten days to dry the twelve earthly branches to transform the five fortunes and six qis, is the ancient and modern unchanged? This is a question I left behind.

Balance rules

"Shangshu Shundian" said: "In Xuanji Yuheng, Qi Qizheng." ”

The circle is a sword, the diameter is eight feet, the circle is two feet five feet, and the jade is used for it, and it is carried by hanging, like the line of the sky.

The straight one is balanced, eight feet long, with beautiful jade, looking from below, to see the stars.

Between heaven and earth, all things flow, which is called change. How can we find order in the midst of change, so as to eliminate the sense of disorder in the world? The Chinese ancestors believed that the essence of life came from heaven. In the final analysis, the changes in everything on the earth originate from the changes in the topography. The law of the earth is heaven, and the change of the terrain is rooted in the heavens.

However, there is no scale in the sky, and the Chinese ancestors looked up and down day after day, year after year, and gradually developed a complete calendar system after thousands of years of accumulating data and improving tools. With Beichen Beidou as the core, the coordinates of the 28 constellations of Zhou Tian were established to observe the movement of the sun, moon and five stars. The ancients believed that the operation of life on the earth was closely related to the five stars of the sun and the moon, and the energy news driven by the five stars of the sun and the moon was gradually summarized by the ancients as the law of change of the five elements of yin and yang. Observing their trajectory becomes a top priority.

"Shangshu Shundian" said: "In Xuanji Yuheng, Qi Qizheng." "The application of the instrument is a very solemn milestone in ancient Chinese astronomy, the huge jade astronomical observation tools anchor the North Star, and gradually accurately track the trajectory of the sun and the moon and the five stars, the reason why the sun and the moon are called the seven politics, because they are the basis and origin of the political order of the world.

It is the fate of Xihe, Qin Ruohaotian. The calendar of the sun, moon and stars, when people are honored. Shangshu, Yushu, Yaodian

The sun, moon and stars come again and again, and the four seasons of the year come as scheduled. In this way, the Chinese can predict the laws of agriculture, such as temperature, rainfall, snowfall, and phenology, and plant in spring, grow in summer, harvest in autumn, and store in winter. Heaven is constant, and it should be governed by auspiciousness. Responding to the time and moving according to the times is the national spirit of the Chinese people who are natural, advocate harmony and cherish life. The observation of celestial phenomena and meteorology is the source of Chinese civilization and the spiritual coordinates of the heavenly nation.

"Huainanzi Tianwen Xun" said: "The literati are like also", astronomy is a celestial phenomenon. In ancient Chinese astronomy, celestial phenomena can be divided into two main categories: one is the phenomenon of the sun, moon and stars, that is, the stars, and the other is the phenomenon that occurs in the earth's atmosphere, that is, meteorology. Chinese astronomy is actually the study of astrological and meteorological changes, and further studies the influence of stars behind meteorological changes.

The core of ancient Chinese astronomy was man, the result of observation was for man, and the observation was for time. "Shangshu, Yushu, Yaodian" said: "It is the fate of Xihe, Qin Ruohaotian." The calendar of the sun, moon and stars, when people are honored. Emperor Yao ordered the Xi and He clans to carefully follow the number of days, calculate the laws of the movement of the sun, moon and stars, formulate a calendar, and carefully tell the people the time and seasons. "Xihe" is the Xi clan and the He clan, which is the successor of Chong and Li in the Zhuan era, and is in charge of the four seasons of heaven and earth as a heavenly official for generations.

Ancient historians came from heavenly officials. How to judge right and wrong in the world, people have no way to judge people. Therefore, "the way to establish heaven is to determine people", that is, to write the order of the world from the perspective of heaven in the calendar.

"Huainanzi Shi Zexun" said that "there are six degrees of yin and yang: the sky is the rope, the earth is the standard, spring is the rule, summer is the balance, autumn is the moment, and winter is the right." Rules and moments are tools for measuring heaven and earth, rules and squares, heaven and earth, spring and autumn. The ancients lived facing the south, and the north and south were divided into east and west. In the system of yin and yang five elements, east and west correspond to spring and autumn, and spring and autumn are rules, so Confucius wrote Spring and Autumn to inherit the heavenly civilization since Fuxi Nuwa, and to use Tianlun to set rules for people. "Spring and Autumn" is named after the time, and the first sentence is "In the spring of the first year, Wang Zhengyue" begins with the time. It shows that the ancient history books wrote personnel from the perspective of the operation of the Heavenly Dao. If you understand the meaning of history books and the Spring and Autumn Period, you can also understand that not everyone can write history, and only historians led by the Taishi Heavenly Master are qualified. Sima Qian wrote the historical records, and at the end of the "Taishi Gong Self-Introduction" wrote his own genealogy, which was traced back to the Chongli era of Zhuan, trying to reconnect the identity of Taishi Gong to Tianguan, so as to "study the time of heaven and man, through the changes of the past and the present".

Kunlun civilization

Military Division's House

Breaking new ground, people came out of the world and laid the foundation for humanity with pole measurement. Therefore, the high altar of the building wood is called Kunlun. The ancestors of the Chinese came from Kunlun, and the civilizational meaning behind it should be traced back at least to this.

"Zhou Yi Zhi Shang" cloud: "Yi has Taiji, it is to give birth to two instruments, two instruments to give birth to four elephants, and four elephants to give birth to gossip." Vertical table measurement, open time and space, and measure the different levels of cycles in the center of the Quartet and the solar return year. (The time of the table measurement will be explained in detail next time.) The "丨" of "Zhong" is the construction of the pole, and the "囗" is the political time and space opened up and influenced by the construction pole.

"Yi has Tai Chi", before the "have" pole, it is easy to present the state of "no" pole. Whether there is no pole or a pole, nature itself is "easy", and it has its own natural order of the sun and moon rotating and the cold coming and going. It's just that this natural order didn't show itself to man in the first place. From the infinite to the extreme, it means that people begin to go out of nature, understand nature, and complement nature. Man began to slowly become one of the three talents who stood side by side with heaven and earth, and in turn counseled heaven and earth.

Pole measurement is one of the symbols of man coming out of nature and laying civilization based on the order of heaven and earth. This pole is inserted and time and space is opened, which means the construction of the pole from the infinite to the extreme. The "Zhong", which is built with both the flags and the flag, means that there is no limit to the extreme, and it means that from chaos to order. The implication of this process is condensed in the myth of Pangu opening up the world.

According to Xu Quan's "Three or Five Calendars": Heaven and earth are chaotic like chickens, and Pangu was born in them. 18,000 years old, heaven and earth are opened, yang is clear for the sky, and yin is turbidity for the earth. Pangu is in it, nine changes a day, God is in the sky, and the earth is holy. The sky is one zhang high, the earth is one zhang thick, and Pangu is one zhang long, so eight thousand years old. The number of days is extremely high, the number of places is extremely deep, and Pangu is extremely long. There are three emperors in the future.

The myth of Pangu opening the world does not mean that heaven and earth are separated by divine power or manpower, but it is a metaphor for man's understanding of heaven and earth. Before Pangu, man did not have the concept of heaven and earth, and man was still in the embrace of nature. Naturally, it is an infinite image. Pangu was conceived in nature for 18,000 years, which is a metaphor for people's understanding of their living environment, which has gone through an extremely long time. Before Pangu, it was not that heaven and earth were undivided. The reason why it is called chaos is that man has not yet understood and distinguished heaven and earth, and man and nature are still one, so it is chaos. The distinction between heaven and earth is that people distinguish between heaven and earth, and at the same time know themselves. "The sky is one zhang high, the earth is one zhang thicker", the heaven and the earth are changing every day, and by observing the changes day by day, the understanding of the heaven and the earth is deepening day by day. "Pangu grows day by day", Pangu is also growing every day, and his understanding of heaven and earth finally returns to his understanding of man himself. Man's understanding of himself and his understanding of heaven and earth go deeper into each other. Pangu grows every day, through in-depth understanding of the changes in heaven and earth, and in-depth understanding of itself, so that "nine changes in one day". It is not so much that Pangu opens up the heavens and the earth, but that the ginseng heaven and the earth gradually correct the position of the heaven and the earth and the order of all things between the heaven and the earth, and finally correct the position of man in the heaven, earth and all things, so as to understand man himself. Open up the heavens and the earth, the time and space of human existence are opened up, chaos shows order, and order lays the foundation of civilization.

Pangu opened the world and is not a myth of creation in the popular sense. Ancient Chinese myths have many profound meanings, edutainment, and wisdom in moderation. The name of Pangu also has its meaning. The disc is the image of circumference and circulation. Pangu, the ancients are like Pangu, and the ancients are the past of the universe. The universe of time and space, from ancient times to the present, moves like a disk, repeats cycles, is independent and does not change, and does not die. Only in this way can we build a pole to know its meaning. Pangu, corresponding to a sentence of Lao Tzu, "Yuan Xi is like the sect of all things". The abyss, the backwater, the hovering, the door of all wonders.

Pangu uses the image of man to open the heavens and the earth with his own body, which really has the meaning of opening time and space. In later generations, the book that summarized the operation methods and calculation rules of the vertical table and the shadow measurement was the earliest one so far. In the beginning, people walked in the sun and saw the length of their own shadows change. Therefore, the straightness of the thigh bone is taken as the correct expression, and the specific relationship between the sun's movement and the yin and yang messages is observed. The condyle of circumference, the original meaning of which is the human thigh bone, is called the femur. The ancients set up a table to measure the shadow, and the rod that stood the table, although it was called a stock, actually took the appearance of a person standing upright. The projection on the ground, called a hook. "Zhou Ji Sutra", with the help of the Pythagorean relationship, measures the time and space of heaven and earth. With a table, with a stock, you can measure the heavens and the earth. In other words, with man, the order between heaven and earth can be slowly determined. Because the condole is the surface of the image of people, the deeper meaning, centered on people, and the four directions of heaven and earth. Therefore, the "Zhou Ji Sutra" is said in Gaitian. The essence of the theory of covering the sky is to observe the heavens and the earth with people as the center. Therefore, the height of the circumference is eight feet, which is the height of a person. Gaitian said that it was human-centered, Hun Tian said that it was centered on the earth, and Xuanye said that there was no center. Xuanye said that one of the reasons why the teacher was lost later was that the relevance to people was too small, and the saints did not care about the existence of the saints outside of the Liuhe.

"Easy to have Tai Chi", Juli table measurement, open chaos. If we take man himself as the surface, then the universe of Pangu will eventually present its order because of the counselor of man. If we deduce the specific process of vertical table measurement, we can see many basic characteristics of Chinese civilization.

Stand up and measure the image, first clear the surrounding obstacles, and sort out an empty flat land. A high altar is built in the center, and the center of the high altar is a table. For specific images, you can refer to the mound in the Temple of Heaven Park in Beijing, in fact, the original meaning of the Temple of Heaven is the mound.

This action of leveling the ground and building an altar was called "sealing Zen" in ancient times. Remove the ground for Zen, remove weeds, and level the ground. If we divide the local dialect, the original word of Zen is regarded as "墠". Build an altar on the flat ground, and seal it. Feng Chan, in the original sense, comes from the astronomical observation of the vertical table. Later, the emperor was completed, and the reason why he wanted to perform the ceremony of sealing Zen was that he said that he imitated the time of heaven and connected and kept the mandate of heaven.

Standing on the high altar is the initial beginning of human civilization and the element of humanity. The altar of the flat ground is called the mound. The circle is the image of the heavenly way, and the mound is used to measure the sky and the law. The hill, the altar also. The big one of the hill is called the void, so the Kunlun hill is also called the Kunlun void. According to the image of the pole measurement, before the altar was built, the foundation of civilization had not yet been laid, and the state of heaven, earth and man was not distinguished, which was called chaos. The chaos is all from the water, corresponding to the ancient Flood era. In the chaotic era of the Great Flood, heaven and man were not distinguished, and nature had not yet presented its own order to man. Therefore, the era of chaos is like a great flood that overwhelms everything, and it is called the era of flood. Breaking new ground, people came out of the world and laid the foundation for humanity with pole measurement. Therefore, the high altar of the building wood is called Kunlun. The ancestors of the Chinese came from Kunlun, and the civilizational meaning behind it should be traced back at least to this.

The earliest saint of the Chinese nation, who opened the heavens and the earth, and people came out of the heavens and the earth, which also means that they began to explore the rules of nature from the chaos, and this process is the process of controlling the flood.

Build an altar on the flat ground, like a mountain range gushing out of the flood, high and flat, people can settle on it, this is the prototype of Kunlun, the altar of measuring the sky. The use of Kunlun to refer to the name of a specific mountain was a matter after the Han Dynasty. Chinese civilization originated in Kunlun, this statement is true, but Kunlun is not an ordinary mountain, but an altar for measuring the sky. Kunlun out of chaos, not to formulate a set of laws for nature based on people's own ideas, but to restore Kunlun from chaos, this process is manifested in water control. Water control is a metaphor for the calendar. "Calendar, like the sun, moon and stars", make a calendar, study the movement of the seven yao, and use the seven politics.

To build an altar and build a wooden table, the first thing is to study the laws of the sun. Therefore, the "Kun" person observes from day to day, day by day, day after day. The "Lun" (徖) person will record, collect and sort out the observation day after day. From these records, the pattern is slowly discovered. Kunlun built a wooden table, the ancient legend of the built wood, called Fusang, because it has the function of measuring the sky, also called the tree of heaven, the pillar of heaven and so on. Kunlun is a mound, an altar, and a valley around it. The sun, out of the Yanggu in the east, ascends in Fusang, falls in the Yugu in the west, sees in the southeast and west, rests in the north, so it is said to be bathed in the salty pool. Search the public account, I Ching the world.

The altar (altar) person, "Shuowen" cloud: "The sacrificial field is also, from the sound of the earth". The altar is a place of sacrifice for future generations. Out of the earth, he built an altar out of the earth. From 亶, seal text

, from one, from the day, from the back, from in. The sun rises over the horizon. The sun comes out of the ground, rises in the east and sets in the west, and the cycle repeats, so it comes from back to in. Hui, seal writing

, Ancient Literature

, back and forth, over and over again, the cycle of righteousness. The altar, the mound built by the soil, is the place where the sun enters and exits and rises and falls, which is also the righteousness of Kunlun.

Building altars and trees is the origin of humanities, in fact, through the observation of the laws of the sun, and the establishment of people's rules on the earth by the heavens. Knowing this, it is easy to know. The Book of Changes is the root of Chinese culture. Yi, "Shuowen" quotes "Secretary" cloud "The sun and the moon are easy, like yin and yang." Don't. "Shuowen" retains two ancient understandings of Yi, one is that the sun and the moon are easy. The sun and the moon are changing, one yin and one yang, the sun is the sun, and the moon is too yin. The cold will come to the summer, the summer will come to the cold, and the cold and heat will push each other and the years will become good. There is also an understanding that the one who changes is never from the day, which is closer to the original image of the word "Yi". Don't, "Saying" cloud: "The flag built in the state." Like its handle, there are three tours. Miscellaneous (miscellaneous) silk, half different (the color of the flag is half red and half white). Therefore, it is interesting (gathering) the people, so it is said that it is not necessary. "The hanging image is as big as the sun and the moon, the sun is in and out and far and near, and the hanging image is clear in the sky, which is the greatest banner that all things can see, commanding the movement of all things in the world. The rhythm of life of the growth and collection of all things is from the command of the sun flag.

Easy, from the day from the other, to the day, the yang and the yin from the second. Yang (陽), the original character is 昜. Yu, from the day from one to the other, with the banner of the hanging elephant, unify the world and order the world, the day also. This is the deep meaning of the word from the day from the day to the first. Therefore, "the movement of the world, the husband is also one" ("Zhou Yi Department of Resignation"), you can tie this one to the sun. The sun is the source of kinetic energy for life in the solar system. The changes of the four seasons, the changes of cold and warm, and the changes of day and night are all changes in the relationship between the sun and the earth. The earth, where human beings live, is always revolving around the sun. Figuratively speaking, the sun is the greatest legislator of the earth and all life on it. To grasp the law of change in the relationship between the sun and the earth, we will also grasp the rules of yin and yang news, which is "lifting heaven and earth, grasping yin and yang". Observing the changes in the relationship between the sun and the earth, summarizing the laws, and initially realizing it through vertical surface shadow measurement, this is the earliest and most basic rule in the world.

Fuxi Nuwa is the first ancestor of the Chinese Wen, and a picture of Fuxi Nuwa was circulated in ancient times, and the two held the rules and rules respectively in their hands. moment, from the vertical table shadow measurement, Pythagorean relationship is summarized. The ancients measured the fortune of the sky with a gui watch, although the sky is round, it can be measured squarely, and it can be measured by the moment of the Pythagorean. Therefore, the opening chapter of "Zhou Ji Sutra" says: "The law of numbers comes from the circle, the circle comes from the square, and the square comes from the moment." The proportional relationship between numbers was originally derived from the Pythagorean relationship of vertical table shadowing. With the moment of the Gui table, the circle of heavenly fortune can be measured, so the image of Fuxi Nuwa enforcing the rules represents the basic law of the circle of heaven and earth of human law. The image of Fuxi Nuwa's obsession with rules is the meaning of "the way of observing the sky and the line of the sky".

The rules, from the vertical table measurement, are behind the law of change in the relationship between the sun and the earth. The activities of the human world, laid the foundation of the law of change in the relationship between the sun and the earth, gradually developed and enriched, and finally formed a civilization system, which is the fundamental difference between Chinese civilization and other national civilizations. As long as the relationship between the planetary structure of the solar system remains unchanged, the basis of the political principles of Chinese civilization will not change, which is also the reason why Chinese civilization has become the only civilization on the earth that continues to exist

From ploughing to eating

The 24 solar terms and ancient and modern ecological agriculture

1. Ploughing time

Professor Feng Shi has a passage describing the 24 solar terms, which is very vivid: through the mastery of time, it is conveyed to the clan people when to plow and when to harvest, which is the research scope of astronomy in ancient times, and this is called observation and time teaching in ancient times. Year after year, the ancestors discovered that the deer will produce horns in one season and shed them in another, that the migratory birds of geese always fly in and out according to the season, and that the flowering and falling of flowers, thunderstorms, wind and frost are closely related to the cycle of time. They grouped the phenological phenomena summarized from long-term observation into the chronological spectrum to form the "seventy-two phases", that is, each of the 24 solar terms was divided into three, and three phenological signs were selected as symbols. The 24 solar terms and the 72 seasons are the scales of this clock, and through the phenology presented, people can also accurately grasp the time and season. This clock can be called nature's biological clock.

What interests me the most about natural farming is the biological clock of nature. As for the relationship between solar terms and astronomy, I won't make an axe. Below I will list some illustrations observed in actual farming, and let's appreciate the characteristics of agriculture in different solar terms.

Taking Jiangnan Farm as an example, we basically start plowing and sowing around the spring equinox every year. On the second day of February, the dragon raised its head, and the agricultural proverb said that at this time, "everyone small households make ploughing cattle". The second day of the second month of the lunar calendar is also roughly around the two solar terms of the year and the spring equinox.

2. Eating time

The 24 solar terms can not only guide farming, but also serve as a reference for our diet. The Analects · The Tenth of the Township Party has a record of "not eating from time to time", "The Yellow Emperor's Neijing · Su Wen mentions: "Si Sui prepares things", and "Yin Fu Jing" also says: "Eat its time and 100 remains".

The Book of Songs · Pig Wind · "July" has clouds: "June food Yu and sage, July Heng Kwai and Shu, August peeling jujubes, October rice, for this spring wine, to Jiemei Shou." (Eat plums and grapes in June, boil sunflowers and beans in July, start beating red dates in August, harvest rice in October, and then make spring wine to pray for longevity for the master.) ）

In the era when there were no pesticides, fertilizers, and greenhouses, it was natural to eat seasonal food according to the rhythm of time and crop growth. In today's ecological pastoral, we also live like this.

The territory of the mainland is vast, and the products of the four seasons are too abundant to be listed here. Here are just some of the seasonal vegetables I recorded in the Jiangnan countryside, as well as the seasonal foods I made:

In spring, the essence of heaven and earth begins to emerge from the soil, and various green leaf sprout crops are unearthed before and after the beginning of spring: bean seedlings, small greens, chrysanthemum, etc. Many wild vegetables also appear at this time: marantou, cress, wild onion and garlic, chickweed, toon, and so on.

With the gradual rise of the earth's qi, some vegetables follow the pace of this qi in order to continue to obtain the essence substance - smoking.

The earth continues to rise, the vegetables continue to grow, and when we see that we can't reach the height of the earth qi rising, then the vegetables will use all their strength to bloom to Mingzhi, and we can see a lot of brilliant cauliflower at this time.

Before and after the sting, the spring bamboo shoots in the south of the Yangtze River are also gratifying things that rise with the earth's qi.

Next, the spring air is about to run out, and the summer air will take over, but it is not big enough. The main fire in summer, the fire gives birth to the earth, and the breath of the earth is yellow, so the time period when the earth gas cannot be born is called green and yellow. In the south of the Yangtze River, it is roughly the period from the Qingming Dynasty to the Guyu period, at this time, we will take out some pickled vegetables and dried vegetables to eat, and we will also make some vegetable dumplings.

At the beginning of summer in the south of the Yangtze River, the cherries are gradually red, the mulberries are ripe, and the green plums can be picked.

After that, the essence of the atmosphere gradually expanded to the maximum space, and nightshade foods were the main products of this period, such as broad beans, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, gourds, etc.

They begin to mature in response to the summer solar terms. Winter melons, pumpkins and other melons can be seen growing gradually after being planted.

Green beans, cowpeas, edamame, and more have appeared on the table one after another. Seasonal vegetables such as water spinach and fungus vegetables dissipate heat and dampness, and are more fragrant.

Eggplant, bitter gourd, and pampa gourd are common dishes on summer tables.

The creatures created by the season's heaven and earth qi are all born to adapt to the current environment.

Later, the weather accumulated in spring and summer, and when enough energy was accumulated, it began to press down the earth's qi - autumn harvest. At this time, the essence of heaven and earth accumulates into fruit. After the beginning of autumn, apples, walnuts, persimmons, grapefruits, chestnuts and other fruits gradually begin their harvest period with the autumn solar terms. Fruits of all kinds hang from the branches, and they are the most energetic representatives of nature.

Gradually to late autumn and winter, the weather presses the earth very tightly, and most of the essence substances are contained in the soil, which is mainly collected in autumn and winter. Corresponding to food, the energy-rich part is contained in the ground. Lotus root, taro and so on are also on the market at this time.

Before and after the frost fell, sweet potatoes began to be dug up, and winter storage vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and radish also began to be marketed. In terms of taste, the frosted vegetables will be particularly sweet, and the vegetables will convert starches into sugars in order to resist the cold, and the fibrous tissue will become softer, and the cell fluid will not be easy to destroy, which is similar to antifreeze. The self-preservation of this crop and the delicious taste it brings to adapt to environmental changes are nature's best gifts. After the beginning of winter, yams, radish, carrots, taro, etc. are the best tasting foods.

The Yin Fu Sutra says: Heaven and earth are the thieves of all things, and all things are the thieves of people. The adaptation conditions for growth and survival, such as the change of seasons, sunshine and rain, are used by all things. The fruits produced by plant growth are used and enjoyed by other organisms such as humans. When we eat crops that grow at the right time, what we get is the energy of heaven and earth corresponding to this solar term at that time, which is also the best nourishment for our body. At the same time, another manifestation of the righteous qi is also that after experiencing the depth of the rotation of the seasons, it can naturally give birth to awe and gratitude for the creation of heaven and earth.

3. The impact of five luck and six qi on crops

In addition to solar terms, the annual five luck and six solar weather also have a great impact on farming, especially in catastrophic events and harvests. Let me give you a few examples of observations.

In 2016, the value of five qi when the frost fell in the year of Bingshen (...... The sun goes, the cold comes, and the rain falls...... ): Yanyun Jiangnan, rainy and rainy, rice ears soaked in water, field mud is sparse and soft, harvesting can only be manual, slow and hard.

2018 Wuxu Year Qingming Time Value Two Qi (...... The Great Cool is reversed to ...... The grass is cold...... On the night of April 7, the frost fell, and all the vegetable fields were covered with frost, and the broad beans that had just begun to grow pods were frozen in a large area.

2019 Jihai Year is full of three qi (...... Insect Eating Sweet Yellow ...... Canggu is a loss...... Fall armyworm is rampant, and grasses have been severely affected, reportedly involving 14 provinces and 50 million acres of critically endangered areas.

There are many such examples, and if you push them back, almost all of them can coincide with the five luck and six qi of the year. Once a friend talked about the "Earth Mother Sutra", saying that it is very accurate to predict agricultural disasters in the sky. I checked it, and it is also called the "Yellow Emperor Earth Mother Sutra", which is said to contain the "Spring Cow Map" and "Earth Mother Sutra" in every Yellow Calendar Book.

The scriptures are compiled in the form of one poem and one divination, according to the Chinese calendar in the ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches combined with each other to form sixty jiazi, corresponding to the 60 hexagrams in the 64 hexagrams of the "Zhou Yi", according to the logical analysis of the philosophical and natural science principles in the "number" of the six Yi Shu, is an annual suggestion to the people in agriculture, animal husbandry, breeding and production.

The article also predicts this year's insect plague. In particular, for the arrangement of the sixty Jiazi cycles, it is speculated that the principle of five luck and six qi is also used, and the form of poetry may be used to facilitate the circulation and identification of working people.

4. Traditional brewing and processed foods

In addition to primary agricultural products, the new farmers are also keen to make their own traditional handmade products and traditional brewing techniques.

At present, hand-brewed soy sauce, vinegar, wine, soybean paste, tofu milk, pickled kimchi and pickles and other foods are made by peers using ecological raw materials and ancient brewing technology. There are also all kinds of edible oil, common pastries, soy products, dried vegetables, etc., mountain goods, tea, medicinal materials and other aspects are also processed and made of ecological raw materials. In every category, there are people who are conducting in-depth research and experimental development. Some have also been granted intangible cultural heritage status.

There are many examples of food additives or preservatives on the market, so I won't list them all here. Many brewing process products have encountered national standard barriers when trying to enter the circulation field. For example, fermented products such as liquor or soy sauce are difficult to obtain relevant food safety licenses without inactivation. How to inherit and carry forward the old craftsmanship while retaining it is also something we are thinking about.

In the world of ecological farmers, hard work and satisfaction are always full of everyone's body and mind. Some people also say that this is a pit and a point of no return, but we will still choose it. There is pure vitality and living water at the source.

Current Situation and Reflections

Ancients and presenters are trying to establish a bond between everything. My experience is that agriculture is also the nexus. Even if we have experienced chemical cultivation and faced with the current situation of agriculture with industrial thinking, the essential appeal of synchronization with heaven and earth and harmony with nature in our bones will not be erased. Ecological civilization in the current context is also a measure of the unity of nature and man. Whether it is a healthy diet or social life, the pole erected by our ancestors is a manifestation of the laws of all things under the movement of time and space.

(1) Guidance of traditional Chinese medicine on five luck and six qi

In actual farming life, astronomical knowledge such as traditional Chinese medicine and five luck and six qi still play a guiding role in ecological farming. Popularizing and predicting it in an easy-to-understand way will not only reduce agricultural disasters and prevent them, but also help reduce the use of chemicals and reduce the damage to the soil in the aftermath of disasters.

However, how to implement this work and how to popularize it in the actual planting of agriculture still needs a lot of observation and summary, and a certain transformation carrier is needed.

Zheng Xuanyan: "The saint is the light of the sky, because of the benefits of the earth, take the law from the ghosts and gods, and make the decree with the ceremony." In the "Book of Rites: The Month Order", there is a detailed record of the disasters caused by the contradiction between the month and the order, such as: Meng Chun travels in summer, the wind and rain are from time to time, and the grass and trees fall early...... In the spring and summer, the people are plagued...... Meng Dong conducts the spring order, and the earth's qi is discharged...... Wait a minute. It is explained and recorded in terms of social disasters, climate disasters, biological disasters, etc. If these laws can be applied to agricultural production and the daily life of the people, it will be a great thing. These may also be the teachers and experts who study the astronomical calendar, can further explore the application.

Now there is also a mention of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture, in fact, agriculture is not defined by what name, even organic agriculture, natural agriculture, is not because of the name is brilliant or ugly. Heaven, earth and earth, agriculture is the link that can connect all things, and the rules can be followed.

(2) The current situation of the countryside and the difficulties of change

Eighteen peasants from Xiaogang Village signed a "life and death certificate" to create a household contract responsibility system, which has accompanied the reform and opening up to the present, and brought a bumper harvest at the beginning of its establishment, and also greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the peasants. But nowadays, there is a lot of abandoned land in the countryside, and young people have moved to the cities, and at the same time, it is mainly industrially managed farms and bases that supply the daily vegetables and grain of the people.

Nowadays, the people who can farm in the countryside are basically old people, and it is common to be sixty or seventy years old, and those who are about fifty years old are strong laborers, and the lack of labor is the norm. Hollow villages, left-behind villages, old and weak villages...... It abounds, and the "rural China" that cannot be returned remains in the memory.

The process of industrialization has created unprecedented material wealth, but it has also created irreparable ecological damage. The continent uses 9% of the world's arable land and 6% of the world's water resources to feed 21% of the world's population, but uses one-third of the world's chemical fertilizers, severely damaging the soil base. Problems such as soil compaction, nutrient loss, soil salinization, acidification, and the growth of pathogens are pervasive in the soils of the mainland.

The current situation of food safety is also one of the manifestations of the loss of social trust mechanism, the health of the soil will also be related to many social status quo, the agricultural planting products of industrial thinking, the food that is not in line with the luck of heaven and earth will directly affect people's physique and health, and the imbalance of group health will affect the trust mechanism of the whole society. Ecological planting in the form of small farmers can be said to be not only a rural economic form, but also a civilization pattern. The rebuilding of trust is imminent, starting with food, and with our protection of the earth and soil.

Chinese civilization has always emphasized the unity of man and nature and respect for nature. "All things have their own harmony to live, and each has its own nourishment to achieve", this is the generous gift of history and the inheritance of civilization. Today, the Chinese uphold this noble pursuit and give it a new era color.

In the process of their own farming, the new farmers also deeply understand the meaning of a community with a shared future for mankind, which is not only common to people, but also common to people and nature. Therefore, the new form of social civilization is not only the mission of the peasants, but also requires the participation of the whole public.

But perhaps the biggest difficulty is that the battle to defend ecological civilization is a protracted battle for human beings to overcome their own greed......

From the perspective of production and consumption:

On the production side, now it is not as revolutionary as it was back then, when the common people were hungry, and now in fact, many farmers want to work less and get more (we cannot ignore this inertia in human nature), pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides are their good helpers. Tell them not to, and they don't necessarily agree.

From the consumer side, the public pays more attention to the taste, color, novelty, and price of agricultural products, and rarely pays attention to the season, rarely accepts the normal sweet and sour ratio, different sizes, old and tender, and rarely understands that natural food is inconvenient to transport, few are willing to miss a season and wait for another year, and few can do not eat local products......

Therefore, ecological construction, in the history of human civilization, can be called an unprecedented revolution, and the difference from all previous revolutions is that the previous revolution was to mobilize the dispossessed to strive for "get" to achieve success, while the revolution needed for ecological construction is more to mobilize people to "give up". I am afraid that this difficulty will require a long-term struggle.

(3) A new model of ecological civilization

In the current "rural revitalization", urban populations everywhere return to the countryside, and people with completely different backgrounds get together again, transcending clans and blood ties, so it is necessary to establish a new set of people-to-people models.

Some of the Waldorf educational institutions, New Youth Communes, local culture schools, traditional Chinese medicine villages, and eco-villages that I have come into contact with are all exploring such a new way of life, or a community that is not based on simple centralization.

In this kind of organization, we will naturally classify garbage and eat naturally grown food, and the new farmers are no longer just farmers, but more as new ecological people. There is also education, there is a division of labor and cooperation between different systems, and people no longer think that a certain capital serves, but think about common interests and group values. The most important thing is to break the industrial thinking mode that has been going on for many years, and to take the initiative to explore from the inner source. Care and equality are no longer just slogans.

The process of rebuilding ecological civilization is the education of people, the reconstruction of the relationship between man and man, man and nature, and the inheritance and reconstruction of modernity of excellent traditional culture from a global perspective. Colorado, president of the International Environmental Association, praised "the opportunity and the way out for the establishment of contemporary ecological ethics in traditional Chinese philosophical thought". We are a nation with agricultural civilization and excellent cultural roots, and the prosperity of ecological civilization is bound to grow in China.

Allusions to the Heavenly Dao

The true story of the Heavenly Dao civilization behind the ancient myths

Humanity is determined by astronomy, humanity is determined by heaven, Nuwa makes up for the sky, Nuwa creates people, the dragon praises the sun, Chang'e runs to the moon, Gonggong angrily touches Buzhou Mountain, Houyi shoots the sun, the flying dragon is in the sky, the dragons have no head, the fire in July, astronomy and geography, and the divine medicine is easy...... Astronomy is the study of the vast universe, far away from the world of human culture, and mythology is a typical humanistic phenomenon, the Chinese nation has been passed down orally for thousands of years, so is there a relationship between mythology and astronomy?

July Drift

—— Originated from the correspondence between the weekly movement of Great Mars and the agricultural cycle

"The Book of Poetry: National Style" "July fire, September clothes", which means that the big Mars in July is descending, the weather is getting cooler, and women make winter clothes in September to resist the cold. "Flow" refers to downward and westward travel, and "fire" refers to the great Mars. During the seventh month of the lunar calendar, Mars gradually moves westward, and the heat subsides, so the "flowing fire" means that the weather is getting cooler.

Great Mars refers to the second ruling star of the fifth Nakshatra of the Eastern Dragon's Seven Nakshatras of the 28 Nakshatras, which is also known as Antares. In ancient times, because the initial rise and subset of Mars corresponded to a agricultural cycle, the fire was seen in the northeast, then the spring was made in the east, and the fire was in the northwest, then the field work was completed, and this seamless relationship between the fire and the agricultural time was used as the basis for observing the time.

Slash-and-burn

—— Originated from the appearance of the Great Mars and determined the season of fire farming

"The Book of Rites": "Ji Chun is on fire, and it is burned." ”

The earliest production method of the Chinese ancestors was not cattle farming, they called fire farming, in ancient times, they needed half hunting and half farming, and they needed to plough the fields around the hunting forest, and the way was to set fire to the forest to make room for planting crops.

Glowing and guarding

—— Originated from the Great Martian Time System

Great Mars (Antares) is considered to be the loneliest first magnitude star of the whole day, and as an emperor, he is full of radiance, but he can only be a loner.

Only Mars (Glow) can be compared, and it can be a lifelong enemy.

Mars (glow) and Great Mars (Antares) are both reddish, making them the two reddest stars of the day.

When Mars approaches Great Mars and invades Antares, two red stars converge, and the sky is full of red light, shining in the sky. This sign is called "Luminous Guarding" and is a sign of great evil.

"Glow" is Mars, "heart" is the rest, and "keep" is the meaning of guarding and wandering.

A country cannot have two masters, Mars invades the heart, the two stars shine in the sky, and the two emperors are juxtaposed, and the emperor is destined to be interfered with, and the country will not last long.

The descendant of the dragon / the true son of the dragon

- The dragon star time system derived from the primitive calendar

When the Great Mars was not accurate enough, the ancients used the adjacent stars such as Fang and Xin as the reference for observation in different periods. The Canglong Zhusu became the object of attention of people in different eras in turn, and the continuous and winding Canglong as a whole astrological phenomenon, the Canglong Qisu became a symbol of the early Chinese nation's "watching the sky and giving time".

Canglong Qisu represents the way of heaven, "Shuowen Jiezi" "dragon": "spring equinox and ascend to the sky, autumn equinox and dive into the abyss" The word "dragon" was originally the connection of the seven houses of the oriental Canglong; so the Chinese nation proudly calls itself the descendant of the dragon; the dragon represents the astronomical calendar, and the calendar represents the order of the world and the abundance of grains, so the dragon has gradually become the common symbol of heaven and kingship, knowledge and power, country and clan, and has become the supreme symbol, and the emperor who represents the way of heaven is also called the true dragon son of heaven.

Qianxia

Don't use the hidden dragon, the flying dragon is in the sky, the dragon has regrets, and the dragons have no head - the weekly movement law of the dragon astrology

"Yao Dian" "Qin Ruo Haotian, the calendar is like the sun, moon and stars, when the people are honored,"

The dragon astrology moves from spring to autumn from rising to falling:

On the ninth day of the first month, "don't use the hidden dragon", the dragon is hidden at dusk in winter, and it is not visible, so it cannot be used as a time mark;

Ninety-two "see the dragon in the field", the dragon's horn rises on the eastern horizon at dusk of the spring equinox, the so-called "February 2, the dragon raises its head";

Ninety-fourth, "or leaping in the abyss", at the turn of spring and summer, at dusk, the dragon as a whole is leaping up from the southeast;

Ninety-five "Flying Dragon in the Sky", in midsummer, the dragon hangs high in the southern night sky at dusk, the so-called "Xia Xiaozheng" in May "in the early dusk fire", and the so-called "Yaodian" so-called "Sun Yong Spark, in mid-spring" is also;

At the end of June, at the turn of summer and autumn, at dusk, Canglong went west and turned down;

With nine "dragons without a head", after the autumn equinox, the horn of the head of the dragon at dusk is hidden in the west.

Astronomical Geography

—— Originated from the doctrine of division of the countries of the starry sky and Dingzhou

The stars are divided into wings, and the ground is connected to Henglu.

Heaven respects the earth, the universe is fixed, the image is formed in the sky, the earth is formed, and the changes are seen. Mountains are fixed geographical coordinates;

The constellation is the changing space-time positioning coordinates, the starry sky is the natural scale, and the stars are the bright and constant scale on this scale.

The movement of the stars not only stipulates the rhythm and time scale of time sequence circulation for all things on the earth, but also stipulates the direction coordinates and vast scale for all things on the earth.

The sky naturally became the ultimate basis for ancient geographers to measure, organize, and divide the earth and mountains.

The ancients determined the location and distribution of the countries of Kyushu and the counties of the world according to the starry sky, which was the "division theory" of the administrative geography of the Chinese dynasty.

The ancients combined the four seasons, the stems of the heavens and the earth, the twenty-eight constellations, the twelve stars and the division of the field map to formulate the twelve division maps;

Nuwa mends the sky

—— Originated from the historical fact of Nuwa's revision of the astronomical calendar

Canglong Qishu is the reference of the ancestors in the initial stage of observing the celestial phenomena, ten days, twelve months, 30 days in January, 360 days in a year, it is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds less than the earth around the sun is more than five days, a few years later, there will be solar terms deviation, which is not conducive to hunting, nomadism and agricultural production. The ancients were artificially broken!

The female snail will have 365 days a year, that is, the 360 days of the old calendar will make up for five days a year, so as to better adapt to and transform the living environment.

"Huainanzi - Reading the Underworld" - In ancient times, the four poles were wasted, Kyushu was divided, the sky was not covered, and the earth was not circumferential,...... Nuwa refines five-colored stones to make up for the sky......

The sky is replenished, and the four poles are ..... and spring, yang and summer, autumn and winter.

"Shangshu Sanjin" - Zheng (month) of the past dynasties. Not yet the same currency, Nuwa December, (positive).

Hou Yi shoots the sun

——The story of calendar correction originated from Hou Yi's removal of 9 erroneous calendar systems.

The chaos of "Heaven is its own day, and the year is its own year", "There are ten days in the sky (there are many different calendar systems throughout the country in a certain period)" - "Zuo Chuan"

"Yi shoots nine days" is to remove nine inaccurate dates, "the same time moon is the first day, the same law of weights and measures" - "Shangshu" but is falsely rumored as an unreliable myth that shoots out the nine suns in the sky.

Before the promulgation of the Taichu Calendar, the princes of ancient China had their own local calendars. The multi-track calendar system has become the punishment of the crusaded princes, and the "insulting five elements" in the "Shangshu Willing Oath" refers to the fault of the calendar, which is a great crime;

夸父追日

——The story of Kuafu's daily observation and accumulation of data to create a calendar

"Praise the father chasing the sun" originates from the "Classic of Mountains and Seas": "Praise the father and the sun to chase away, into the sun, thirsty, want to drink, drink in the river, Wei." The river and Wei are insufficient, and the north drinks Daze. Before he arrived, he died of thirst. Abandon his staff and turn into Dunlin. ”

"Liezi Tang Wen": "Kua's father is not able to measure his strength, and he wants to chase the sun and shadow, and chase it in Yugu." If you are thirsty to drink, go to drink Hewei. The river is insufficient, and it will go north to drink Daze. Before he arrived, he died of thirst. ”

Standing on the wood as a watch, to observe the shadow of the sun, Kuafu is chasing the shadow of the sun, not chasing the sun. The historical record of Kuafu's revised calendar is about Kuafu's observation of the changes in the shadow of the sun, and the accumulation of data from the shadow of the Gui watch day after day year after year.

Chang'e to the moon

—— Originated from the calendar story of Chang Xi introducing the periodic movement of the moon into the calendar and creating a luni-solar calendar

"The Classic of Mountains and Seas": There is a woman's bathing moon. The emperor's wife Chang Xi, born two out of ten months, this is the beginning of the bath. Translation: An astronomical observer named Changxi created a calendar system of twelve synodic months in a year based on his observations of the movement of the sun and moon.

"The Yellow Emperor made Xi and occupy the sun, Chang Yi occupied the moon, and the astrological qi in the Xuan area" - "Historical Records"

The official of Si Yue was called Chang'e, and at first it was called "Changxi". Later, in order to avoid secrecy, he changed his name to Heng'e, "Book of Songs": such as the moon of Heng. Later, he avoided Emperor Liu Heng of the Han Dynasty and changed his name to Chang'e.

The birth of Chang'e means that the Chinese calendar has entered a high-level lunisolar calendar, and Chang Xisheng's record of December shows that the calendar of the Great Wilderness has set a precedent for the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar.

Lunisolar calendar - at the same time to the apparent movement of the sun and the moon as the basis for the development of the calendar: on the one hand, according to the apparent movement of the sun to determine the solar terms and return year, on the other hand, according to the apparent movement of the moon to determine the synodic month and date, the season is the time sequence basis for agricultural production, and the month is convenient for remembering the day, this is the time to record the farmer, the month to remember.

Working together touches the mountain

——Originated from the dragon planet sign at the turn of autumn and winter after the dragon star disappeared into the mountains in the northwest

Zhou Li said, "Heaven is not enough in the northwest, the earth is not enough in the southeast, the northwest is the gate of heaven, and the southeast is the earthly household. The Northwest is insufficient or inadequate.

Dragon Star Zhoutian, at the turn of autumn and winter, Dragon Star dived into the north as a whole and disappeared, which is equivalent to the circumference of Dragon Star Zhou Tian left a gap in the north, so the northwest is called "not Zhou".

"Buzhou" is not a geographical concept, but an astronomical concept, indicating the beginning of winter solar terms at the turn of autumn and winter.

"The mountain that cannot be touched by co-work" is the dragon star at the turn of autumn and winter, at this time, the dragon star migrated to the northwest and began to disappear behind the mountains in the northwest. Touch, means to counteract with horns, and the first Nakshatra of the Dragon Star is the Nakshatra, and the Nakshaku is the first to enter the northwest mountains, which is presenting the scene of the Dragon Star contradicting the mountains with its horns. After the dragon star dived into the northwest mountains, he dived deep in the north and disappeared all winter.

The cosmic view of "the sky is tilted to the northwest" and "the earth is not satisfied with the southeast" is actually the night sky scene that the ancestors intuitively saw.

God gives medicine easily

A long, long time ago, there was a highly developed civilization on the earth, according to the early mythological records of the world's peoples, this civilization originated from the teachings of God, and we can call it the first civilization of mankind. There is growing evidence that prehistoric civilizations existed.

Suddenly, there was a great flood of unknown origin between heaven and earth, and the waves nearly a thousand meters high engulfed all life in the plains and valleys, and only a few people survived on the desolate plateaus or high mountain tops, and all the previous civilizations of mankind were destroyed by this flood, including medicine.

When the flood waters receded, the surviving humans walked down the plains from the mountains, and they found many remnants of civilization in the ruins of the past, including medicine. But the surviving humans were not the pre-flood elite, they were some relatively backward shepherds with little culture of their own. Therefore, even though they found the advanced medicine they had before, they could not understand it and could not apply it in practice. But the disease does not understand the suffering of humanity, and in the ruins after the flood, they are tormenting everywhere, eroding the lives of these survivors, and humanity is facing another destruction.

The "gods" who had created the highly developed civilization before the flood and had already departed (the heavens in the separation of heaven and earth) could not bear to watch human beings destroy themselves by disease, so they had to come to the earth again to teach medical knowledge and the structure of human life to the human beings who were tormented by the disease. Those who survived the flood, the tribe named after the mountain, sent the most astute men to learn medicine from these gods and recorded this knowledge in the form of oral histories.

After a few years, human beings began to have their own writing, the first thing they had to do was to write down the knowledge in their memory, and then after summarizing, they finally formed two books - "I Ching" and "Yellow Emperor Neijing" (at that time, these two books had countless versions, respectively, belonging to different tribes), they are the highest understanding of human life, "I Ching" is the symbol model of human life structure, "Yellow Emperor Neijing" is the theoretical explanation and practical operation of this set of symbolic patterns.

Some people may say: The Great Flood is a major event for all mankind, and almost all prehistoric peoples have records about the Great Flood, why did the "gods" only pass medicine to the Chinese after the flood? In fact, this is a misunderstanding, the nation that received the teaching is by no means China, but only China has preserved it intact in its long history.

The above assumption is a reasonable inference, and it is a completely new point of view on the origin of Chinese medicine. Let us try to use this perspective to address the relevant questions in the origins of Chinese medicine.

We have a point of view: there are two systems of civilization in human history, one is the prehistoric civilization system, the source of which is being further studied, and the other is the civilization created by human beings themselves, which we habitually call material civilization. These two civilizations are very different in their basic understanding of the world, and they understand the world we live in and ourselves from different perspectives. Due to differences in basic understanding, the methods and means adopted to transform the world are also different. Traditional Chinese medicine is the medical system of prehistoric civilization, while Western medicine belongs to the medical system of material civilization.

In other words, when we first came into contact with TCM after the Great Flood, it was a fairly complete medical system, but because there was not much time at that time, and because the survivors of the flood were too backward to accept all the knowledge imparted. These teachers do not teach the practical operation of Chinese medicine to human beings, but focus on teaching the theoretical part of Chinese medicine and practical acupuncture techniques, in the hope that human beings can create practice on the basis of their own perception of theories in the future. This is the reason why there is a disconnect between the theoretical level of TCM and the practical level.

In order to facilitate the practical application of human beings, the teacher used some extremely advanced instrument to scan the natural plants and compiled a relatively detailed catalog, which is the earliest "Materia Medica". Therefore, ancient history records: "Shennong used ochre whips to whip grass and trees, and began to taste herbs and medicines." ”

Although human beings have obtained very advanced medicine, they have not fully understood its theoretical part (until today, we have not fully understood the theory of Chinese medicine, so that some people want to abolish the theory of Chinese medicine and only keep the operable Chinese medicine and acupuncture), so for thousands of years, the theory of Chinese medicine has been shelved and ignored. Under the guidance of the great principles of traditional Chinese medicine, people are anxious for quick success, and they are constantly exploring the methods of traditional Chinese medicine to treat diseases. This has only contributed to the fact that TCM theories have been further neglected. This is an important reason why there is no TCM material before the Spring and Autumn Period. However, under the tradition of respecting ancestors and ancestors, although the Chinese cannot understand it, they still keep it properly.

Sexagenary branches

The fortune of the four seasons of the law and heaven and earth is unknown to the people every day.

This is exactly what happens to the calendar, everyone uses it every day, and not many people ponder the meaning behind it.

The calendar we use now is completely based on the Western calendar, supplemented by the Chinese calendar. So much so that the vast majority of people are no longer aware of the rich information contained in the Chinese calendar.

We Chinese use the Western calendar (that is, the commonly known solar calendar or foreign calendar), how many disadvantages (to be precise, harm), we will slowly discuss later, at present, with a few serials, we will make some rough introductions to the basic concepts in the calendar content we broadcast every day.

Concepts such as dry branches, five luck and six qi are simply explained in just a few words. It is more difficult to trace the root cause and explain it clearly, and everyone has different opinions in the past dynasties, and it is even called a millennium mystery.

The first part of the broadcast of the Chinese calendar is the dry branch calendar. The first sentence is "the Yellow Emperor era is 4,716 years". An epoch refers to the counting of the years from a certain year. The era of the Yellow Emperor is said to be the year of the Yellow Emperor's birth, the year of the Yellow Emperor's accession to the throne, and the year of the special celestial phenomena of the five-star alignment. In short, this year is related to our Chinese ancestor Yellow Emperor, and it has lasted for 4716 years.

In the history of the development of the calendar, the earliest ancestors should have found the law of time from the things closely related to life around them, such as animals, plants and other phenomena, which were directly related to people's hunting and agricultural production. The words "year" and "season" and "month" are all based on phenology.

When recording the changes in these things, symbols such as the heavenly stem and the earthly branch were also produced. This is probably the origin of the ten heavenly stems and the twelve earthly branches.

Let's look at the original meaning of these words (symbols).

【Tenkan】

(a) Like a grass forest breaking through the soil and sprouting, the yang is enveloped by the yin. It is also believed that the armor of the armor also breaks through the armor of all things and protrudes.

(b) Plants and trees are primary, and the branches and leaves are soft, bent and elongated. B is also rolled.

(d) Strong, the grass and trees grow strong, like the growth of people.

(e) Maoye, a symbol of the lush vegetation of the earth.

(self) rises, discipline also, all things rise up, tangible and disciplined.

（庚）更也，秋收而待来春。

(Xin) golden taste pungent, the thing is made and then tasted. There are also those who believe that Xin is new, everything changes solemnly, and Xiushi is new.

（壬）妊也，阳气潜伏地中，万物怀妊。

(癸) also, all things are hidden, pregnant underground, bright buds.

【Ground Branch】

(Child) sin also, plants and trees give birth to children, absorb water from the soil and come out, which is the beginning of a yang sprout.

(ugly) New, the grass and trees sprout in the soil, bending and about to emerge from the ground.

(寅) Yanya, Jinya, the bent grass and trees in the cold soil, stretching from the ground in the spring sun.

Mao, the sun shines in the east, and all things are luxuriant.

(Chen) earthquake also, stretch also, all things are born from the shock, and the yang energy has been halfway through.

(巳) rises, all things grow and rise, yin is exhausted, pure yang has no yin.

(noon) also, all things are full and grown, the yang is full, and the yin begins to sprout.

The (un)taste is also, and the fruit is ripe and tasteful.

The body is also grown.

（酉）老也，犹也，万物到这时都犹缩收敛。

(戌) extinguished, the plants and trees withered, and the vitality was extinct.

(Hai) impeachment, yin impeachment and killing of all things, has reached the extreme.

(The above interpretation is for reference only, and the precise meaning needs to be further deepened.) ）

Judging from the original meaning of these words, the ten heavenly stems and the twelve earthly branches are two sets of symbols that record the order of birth and death of plants, trees, birds, beasts, and all things.

They can mark everything you want to label. It is one of them.

Before the Ganzhi year, there was a separate Tiangan year, and there was also a separate earthly branch year, and later the Ganzhi combination year was used.

The year of the stem branch, the positioning of heaven and earth, and the time and space of the stem branch.

The stem branch is used at the same time for the year, month, day, and time.

The Ganzhi era follows the law of the sun, moon and five stars, and takes the 60 combined years of the Ganzhi as a cycle, from Jiazi to Guihai, and the cycle is replaced.

The 12 months of the year are divided into 24 solar terms, and 60 sets of different sexagenary branches are used to mark the months.

The Ganzhi Chronicle is the same as the Ganzhi Chronology, and the 60 Jiazi are used to record the daily order.

In the Ganzhi period, the hour was marked with sixty jiazi. Cycle replacement.

Our calendar follows the principle of the change of heaven and earth, so what kind of astronomical background does the sixty stem branches have in the years, months and days?

The research results of Professor Jin Jiucheng of Hunan University show that when the earth is the observation center, when the sun revolves around the earth, the five rays of water, metal, fire, wood and earth return to the origin point every 10, 5, 2, 12 and 30 years respectively 41, 8, 1, 1 and 1 cycles, and the sun, water, metal, fire, wood and earth have a quasi-cycle of 1 year, 10 years, 5 years, 2 years, 12 years and 30 years of reincarnation on the earth and human vision; when the sun rotates 60 weeks and returns to the origin after 60 years, water, metal, fire, wood and Saturn each rotate 246, 96, 30, 5, 2 weeks back to the origin, the sun and the five yao anniversary apparent movement has a 60-year reincarnation quasi-periodicity.

Such a celestial law is highly consistent with the Ganzhi annual cycle, and there must be an internal connection.

In a 60-year cycle, the stars vary from year to year, resulting in different luck from year to year.

Therefore, the five luck and six qi are calculated by using the dry branches. (To be precise, luck is initially obtained by observing the phenomenon, and then summarized into the law of the stem branch, and then used the stem branch to extrapolate.) ）

Different astrological signs produce different luck (yin and yang), and different yin and yang cause various changes in everything on earth.

Therefore, if we grasp the laws of movement of the source stars, we can grasp the laws of change of all things arising from them. That's what we study astronomy for.

There are a total of eight characters in the year, month and day, which is the eight characters of birth in numerology. The reason why it can be used as a basis for calculation is precisely because of these eight words, we can know the information of heaven and earth yin and yang at the time of birth. This yin and yang information can also be called five luck and six qi, referred to as luck.

In Chinese culture, man is placed in the large system of the universe and the world, and he is studied as a child of nature. This is the "harmony of heaven and man". It is the highest wisdom of our ancestors.

Why anchor the Heavenly Dao, because only the Heavenly Dao is constant, and its movement will not be transferred according to the will of the person. The Chinese calendar is a calendar that describes the way of heaven, and the timekeeping rules are highly closely related to astronomy.

The roots of Chinese civilization lie in the astronomical calendar, and the Chinese nation is the only heavenly nation.

With the way of heaven, to determine people. - Yin Fu Sutra

The way of viewing the sky is the journey of the sky, and it is all - the Yin Fu Sutra

Look at astronomy to observe the changes of time;

Look at the humanities, in order to become the world. —Zhou Yi

Why is the Chinese civilization a heavenly civilization?

Military Division's House