【Recommendation of the Mountain Trail Literature Society】
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A brief discussion on the contemporary Huxiang poet Ma Shaoqiao
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【Fu Zhitong】
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Ma Shaoqiao (1920-2006), also known as Yuanjian, the character of political communication, the name of Xiaoqiao, in his later years, also known as the owner of Wanqinglou, was a native of Longhui County, Hunan Province, an outstanding contemporary poet, and an expert in Chu Ci, folklore, and ethnic history. He studied the scriptures and history all his life, read a wide range of books, hundreds of schools of thought, nine streams and three religions, folk customs, local customs, all-encompassing, and was proficient in the art of calligraphy and painting, which made his poetry and writing creations have a rich humanistic heritage. His 86-year experience was very complicated: from a rich child to an unemployed youth, from a small official to a revolutionary soldier, from Xingtan preaching to rural labor reform, and finally from a prisoner to a guest. The legendary life and bumpy experience have laid a solid foundation for his poetry and writing.
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(Mr. Ma Siu-kiu)
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Ma Shaoqiao learned poetry at the age of 15 and was able to chant at the age of 17. This year, he wrote nearly 50 poems such as "Long Shangxing", which was the beginning of his poetry creation. In 1939, at the age of 19, he studied under Professor Zong Ziwei, a disciple of Fan Zengxiang, and became the youngest member of the Zhenjiang Poetry Society. He has contacts with domestic celebrities Zhang Shizhao, Yang Yunshi, Zhang Mojun, He Xuemei, Xie Yuzhi (father of the famous female writer Xie Bingying), Su Peng, etc. Because Zong Ziwei, the leader of the poetry society, belonged to the late Tang Dynasty poetry school in the late Qing Dynasty, the poetry creation advocated skillful workmanship, gorgeous rhetoric, and precise use, which had a great impact on the creative style of the young Ma Shaoqiao.
In 1946, Ma Shaoqiao joined Xiangji and became the youngest member of the Southern Society. Nanshe was originally a revolutionary literary society established before the Xinhai Revolution, and most of its members were members of the League. In its heyday, there were more than 1,000 members, which basically recruited revolutionary cultural people at that time, and became the cultural base camp of the democratic revolutionaries. Although the headquarters of the Nanshe Society was dissolved in 1923, members of the Nanshe Society in various places successively established organizations such as the Xinnanshe, the Fujian Society, and the Nanshe Xiangji, still adhering to the principle of "hating the country and hating the family, and publishing it as an article", awakening the people and advocating the purpose of revolution. Ma Shaoqiao's participation in Nanshe Xiangji had a great influence on the development of his poetry in a progressive direction. This can be proved by his poems before and after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Since then, his poetry creation has basically formed a creative style that combines the emphasis on art of the late Tang poetry school and the pursuit of revolution of the Nanshe poetry school. He said: "The poet must write the true feelings of the times, and the poet must see my character." ("Preface to Selected Poems of Yu Wenqiao") This is exactly a portrayal of his poetic style. It is also the true embodiment of his consistent assertion that "good poetry should be a combination of the times, personality and artistry".
Ma Shaoqiao has experienced nearly 70 years of creative process from the Anti-Japanese War to the reform and opening up, and has written more than 2,000 poems, which are a true portrayal of China's social changes in the past 70 years. For example, from the poems of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, we can see the reality that, on the one hand, the Eighth Route Army led by the Communist Party was "blood-splintering with red and swords" ("The Ballad of the Great Wall: Wen the Great Wall of the Eighth Route Army"), and on the other hand, the Kuomintang's "East Asia Co-prosperity and Willing Bending the Knee" ("Autumn Xing"). After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the scenes of "wild elders meeting and talking about peace" and "village shop people drinking and half-drunk" ("Hearing Japan's Surrender") are vivid, but the Kuomintang rulers did not let the people enjoy peace. On the one hand, they raised taxes in order to start a civil war, and the people only saw "the tax collectors knocking on the door at night, and the urns had no buckets" ("Ancient Meaning"), but on the other hand, they themselves were drunk and gold-obsessed, living a corrupt life, "indulging in recklessness" and "wanton fēng riot" ("Qin Yuan Chun: Reading Words with Feelings"). When the Kuomintang brazenly launched a full-scale civil war in the face of the world's condemnation, the poet angrily asked "Eight years of chaos and trauma, how can the brothers break the wall again", ("Nanshe Autumn Collection Rhymes with Long Characters"), expressing the feelings of the people and the voice of the times.
Unfortunately, from 1950 to 1956, the poet moved to the education front, and in addition to teaching, he was mainly engaged in the study of ethnic history. In the past 7 years, "occasionally because of drilling paper, it has been abolished for a long time" ("Answer to Xiang Yan"), but he did not write a poem. Therefore, it is a pity that we cannot understand the poet's ecstasy at the time of the founding of New China and the picture of "changing the old appearance for a new look". In 1958, the poet was wronged and began a 22-year-long alternative life. "The new school crop of the mango shoes, the old inscription poem of the wine in Xinghua Village" ("Late Spring of the Millstone Bridge"), the poet still insists on creating, allowing us to see the scene of the Great Leap Forward and the three-year difficult period. What is particularly valuable is that during the Cultural Revolution, when the literary network was very strict, he was in danger and was often criticized and fought, but he still exposed some deceptive tricks of the "Gang of Four" and their shameful features with a fearless spirit and a keen political sense:
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古人论史本荒唐，不及今人撒大谎；
Only for Zhao Gao's imperial system, he taught Chen to protect the Qin Emperor.
The attacker Jia Zheng was called Confucianism, and Baoyu Qingwen wore French clothes.
Looking at the old eyes of the flowers in the fog, why not take a photo of the rhino?
"Strange Text"
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The merits and demerits are absurd, and the flowers welcome the pink and ink makeup.
Singing until the dead of night, people scattered, and the pure life and ugliness ended.
"Miscellaneous Poems" II
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The former poem was the feeling of reading "The History of the Struggle against Confucianism", and sharply pointed out that the so-called struggle between Confucianism and Law by the "Gang of Four" was "telling a big lie." The poet used his poems as "burning rhinos" to show their ghostly faces. The latter song used opera performances to expose the ambition of the "Gang of Four" to make a debut, indicating their shameful end of "pure life and ugly death". What courage, what boldness!
In the more than 20 years since the reform and opening up, the poet has depicted major events with great enthusiasm, eulogized new things, criticized old ideas, and lashed out at the false, evil and ugly. This was the happiest period of his life, and it was also a period of great harvest in his poetry creation. Although he was already in the age of sixteen when he returned to the teaching, learning, and poetry worlds, he held the mood of "Liuhe is only a hundred flowers today, and his heart will finally report three springs" ("Chronicle"), and he is determined to let go of his hands and feet and do another career, "white hair does not let people grow old, and rejuvenate the youth in twenty autumns" ("Zhaoling Feelings"). This is a true portrayal of the poet's mood at that time, and it is also the common voice of a generation of intellectuals.
It can be seen from this that as long as we read Ma Shaoqiao's poems, we can clearly see the picture scroll of history and clearly feel the pulse of the times. This is what the poet said about "the nature of the times" and "the history of the poet" in his works, and it is also the most shining part of his poetry.
Ma Shaoqiao's poetry creation, all bodies work. The poems have ancient and close styles, and the words have long tones and small orders. The five-word ancient poem is represented by "You Xian", and the whole poem is based on the interaction and conversation between the wandering soul and the "fairy friends" after death, and expresses the sadness of being wronged for 20 years, vividly and vividly, resentful but not angry, sad but not sad, rich in imagination and peculiar in conception, worthy of being the crown of contemporary five-word ancient poetry, the swan song of Youxian poetry. The seven-word ancient poem should be represented by "Dolomite Song", and the whole poem melts narrative, scene, lyricism, and discussion into one furnace, which fully expresses the vitality of this genre. Concentrate on a few seven ancient songs, both Li Taibai's wildness, Bai Juyi's sparseness, Han Huizhi's profundity, and Su Dongpo's wit, but it is by no means a simple imitation of Youmeng's clothes, but takes the strengths of all families, injects their own personality, integrates the spirit of the times, and forms a wanton and natural style. It is the genre in which the poet is most proficient in the collection of seven rules. The four poems of "Qiu Xing" written by him in his early years were deeply appreciated by his mentors, Mr. Zong Ziwei and Mr. Liu Minquan, and Mr. Liu praised him for "putting pride and danger in his words, and he is used to breaking his sad face with good sentences." "The poet can still write a chapter until his old age. Someone once improvised a proposition asking him to write a poem of seven rules within ten minutes, but he completed it in less than seven minutes, and it was full of poetry, which made people sigh at the contemporary "seven steps". There are many famous poems in the collection of seven laws, such as "Wushifeng Inscription Wall", "Twelve Songs of Autumn Grass", "Long Words of the Autumn Collection of Nanshe Autumn Collection", "Early Spring on the Millstone Bridge", "Four Songs on the Pillow", "Listening to a Public Transmission Newspaper", "Ten Years" and so on are all good poems that people never get tired of reading. Some are majestic and depressed like Du Shaoling, some are affectionate like Li Shangyin, some are fresh and graceful like Fan Chengda, some are impassioned like Lu Shaoyou, and some are humorous like Yang Wanli. Not a family, turn to many teachers, use familiar skills, narrate current affairs, express the feelings, describe the prospect, sing the praises of good governance, and acupuncture the disadvantages of the times, this is the basic style of Ma Shaoqiao's seven laws. In addition, his Seven Absolute and Five Laws also have considerable achievements. In particular, the Seven Uniques, or writing current affairs, or inscription pictures, or writing social feelings, or expressing embrace, or making discussions, can be unexpected, thought-provoking, and refreshing. The poet himself is more satisfied with the seven poems of "Kunming Travel", whose poems are eloquent, have unique opinions, and can be called the top seven songs. In fact, he has not only four poems with beautiful artistic conception and timeless language, such as "Inscriptions", but also "Buying Books" and "Market" and other folk songs with simple meanings and humorous bamboo branches, all of which are readable. The only deficiency is that there are very few five unique poems in the collection, and the only one is "Yin in the Mountains" written when he was eighteen years old, which is a small five-character ancient poem, not strictly speaking, probably because this genre carries too little information and is not suitable for expressing complex modern social life.
Ma Shaoqiao's lyrics are not many, we can read a total of more than 40 poems, these works, whether long or small, are all excellent works, compared to poetry, not inferior. Because of the rich experience and hardships of the lyricist, he has a deep foundation in life and rich literary accomplishment, so he can gallop his talent in the new poetry style of lightness, liveliness and euphemism. Generally speaking, his long tunes are close to Su and Xin, especially the generosity and boldness of Xin Qiji, but he is also chic and natural, vivid and interesting. The early "Qinyuan Spring: Reading Words with Feelings" is the same as Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring: Snow":
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Raise your eyes Qiong Yao, the dragon fighting in the sky, and the scales of the earth are floating. Look at the mountains and silver screens, the clear light is shining, the river is practiced, and the jade liquid is condensed. The three sides of the earthquake are on three sides, the army is nine stops, and the red flag of the wind is flickering high. Laughing at the southern country, the wind is romantic, and the competition is enchanting.
The lights are red and green, and the waist is twisted in the American salon. Ren Fangcao Wang Sun, indulged in affection, yellow flower lady, wanton fēng sass. The anthill is still warm, Huaike is still warm, and it is good to shoot the eagle at this good night. "Drizzle", singing "Brother and Sister", twilight.
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Not to mention how much courage it took to dare to step rhyme and Mao Zedong at that time, the words themselves were also outstanding among the chapters published at that time. In terms of content, Shang Rong wrote that the anti-Japanese base areas in the north were "powerful on three sides, the army was in nine stops, and the red flag was suddenly high"; and in the lower part of the country, it was written that the southern national control area was "'Drizzle', singing 'Brother and Sister', and the twilight dynasty". Through stark contrasts, readers can understand whose fate of China should be in the hands of others. In terms of art, the step is natural, and there is no trace of axe and chisel. Write the scene with a large pen and a small brush, which leaves a deep impression. The late "Qinyuan Spring, the First Karaoke Hall" is even more breathtaking:
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Wine green light red, light singing and dancing, karaoke. There is a microphone to pass the wind, the warbler is ticking, the flying picture is a glimpse, and the thunderbolt is whirling. Ji Zi is golden, Qiu Niang is good at dancing, and the two are like-minded. The sky is dawning, and I am saying goodbye and waving Bye - bye.
Poor Bai Shoufang, how many new words are enough to guess. Guo Lang is down, dare to ask the ballet, less poor and poor, strong canopy, old and unfashionable deserve it! And rest, fortunately, the silverfish has a background, and there are still crooked talents!
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Not only does the content neither whitewash nor distort reality, but is true to reality, but also artistically breaks new ground, blending elegant language, slang, colloquialism, foreign Chinese, and fashionable words in one furnace, truly laughing and scolding, all into articles. We know that word-filling is a dance in shackles, and it is unthinkable to embed the above words in harmony without skill, skill, and skill. Xiaoling is like Li Qingzhao and Qin Guan's love words, and the meaning and rhyme are victorious. In particular, his eulogy is similar to the eulogy of the famous Qing Dynasty lyricist Nalan Xingde, such as "Mistaken Period: Ji Meng":
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As if I had seen it in a dream, I kindly held the needle and thread in my hands. Quantai is still a mending clothes, and life and death are long attached.
The lonely pillow and old tears are sour, the lonely shadow is trembling, the empty building is lonely and dusk, looking forward to the return of the nesting swallow.
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Most of these words are depicted in the details of life, expressing deep nostalgia and infinite sorrow, which makes people cry and can't bear to read. There are also witty and humorous works in Xiaoling. Famous such as "Butterfly Love Flowers, Haircut Feeling":
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In my dreams, I still heard a pony, and once upon a time, my white hair was scratching. What is the bottom of the iron inkstone? Wife and children laughed and scolded "Ye is so stupid"!
It is true that he won the name of the poem, the pen is gone, and the pearl of Wan Hu is pouring. If you estimate the price to the market: it is not as good as a razor.
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This kind of word is written with great interest, which makes people laugh, and there is no lack of deep meaning of the disadvantages of the times. Ma Shaoqiao is a famous contemporary poet, scholar and social activist, and has served as a member of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Democratic League, the chairman of the Shaoyang Municipal Party Committee, a librarian of the Hunan Provincial Research Museum of Culture and History, a member of the Chinese Poetry Association, the vice president of the Hunan Poetry Association, the president of the Shaoyang Poetry Association, the deputy chief editor of the Shaoyang City Chronicles, and the executive director of the Hunan Ethnic Studies Society. His poems have been selected into more than ten poetry anthologies, such as "Selected Chinese Contemporary Poetry", "Selected Contemporary Poetry of 800 Schools", and "Contemporary Poetry Review". His book The Miao Uprising in the Qing Dynasty was cited in the Cambridge History of China, edited by the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, and is listed as a bibliography. His research on "Chu Ci" has also been fruitful, and some of his papers have been published in national first-class journals such as "Literary Heritage", and some of his views have never been published before, which has the effect of rejuvenating the ears and ears.
Ma Shaoqiao is a contemporary Huxiang poet worthy of study, and I am writing this article to commemorate this outstanding poet and scholar on the one hand, and at the same time to provide a brick for researchers of Huxiang culture, especially the literature and history of southwest Hunan Province.
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(Note: This article originates from the book "Zhitong Wen Survival Edition" donated by Master Zhitong in 2012.) Published by Hunan People's Publishing House in 2011. ）
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【About author】Fu Zhitong (1936-2020), male, from Xiangxiang, Hunan, graduated from the Department of Chinese of Wuhan University in 1959, and has been engaged in higher education in Liaoning Normal University, Hunan Shaoyang Teachers College and Shaoyang College for 48 years. Senior professor of the Department of Chinese, expert enjoying special allowance of the State Council.
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(Editor: Master En, Zhitong)
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【Recommended Reading】
Click on the link to Fu Zhitong's work - "link"
Click the link-Shaoyang Normal College (Shanjing Literature Society)_Anthology_Urban Headlines
Click on the link: Xiao Dianqun's "Precedent" - 鍏堟渤锛堝北寰勮倴娈弈唛
Click on the link-Shanjing Literature Society's Notes (Xiao Dianqun)_Guangzhou Headlines
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[Edited by Xiao Dianqun of the Mountain Trail Literature Society]