In 1986, Sanxingdui No. 1 and No. 2 sacrificial pits were discovered, and the unearthed bronze, jade, gold and other cultural relics were shocking. These "rare treasures" are too dazzling, and their cultural attributes and age attract attention. After more than 30 years of hard work by archaeologists, the research results of Sanxingdui sacrificial remains, Sanxingdui ancient city, and Sanxingdui ruins archaeological and cultural sequence have finally shown the historical longitude and latitude of Sanxingdui. So, how does the ancient city of Sanxingdui, which is closely related to the sacrificial pit, inherit the Baodun culture?
"From the 30s to the early 80s of the last century, more than half a century of archaeological history has given us a deep understanding of the Sanxingdui site, but the discovery of the No. 1 and No. 2 sacrificial pits still subverts the original cognition. In order to solve the mystery, we have carried out targeted archaeological work, and have confirmed the important relics such as the Sanxingdui city wall and the foundation site of large palace-like buildings, and the characteristics of the nature of Sanxingdui Duyi are presented, and the ancient city of Sanxingdui, which is characterized by a developed bronze civilization, has reached its peak in the cultural development process of the Sanxingdui site for thousands of years, and its cultural source can still be found from the earliest phase of the Sanxingdui site. The earliest phase of the Sanxingdui site is about the late Neolithic period to the summer period, and the unearthed relics are mainly pottery and stone tools, which are quite different from the cultural appearance of the ancient city of Sanxingdui in the Shang period, but the inheritance of technology and culture between the two is still clearly visible. Chen De'an, the former stationmaster and researcher of the Sanxingdui site workstation, said.
Sanxingdui site phase I cultural typical pottery (according to Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)
"The establishment of the cultural development sequence of different stages of the Sanxingdui site is of great significance, especially the identification of the first phase of the Sanxingdui site, which provides an important clue for us to study the basis of the development of the Sanxingdui bronze civilization. However, the first phase of the Sanxingdui site has been found less cultural relics, and little is known about its cultural development level, until the ancient city of Xinjin Baodun was confirmed in 1995, which made people feel suddenly enlightened. Immediately afterwards, we found the ancient city of Wenjiang Yuyu Village, the ancient city of Pixian, the ancient city of Dujiangyan Mangcheng, the ancient city of Chongzhou Shuanghe and Zizhu, Dayi Yandian and Gaoshan Ancient City and other prehistoric city sites, plus later in Meishan City, Dongpo District Dengyun Ancient City confirmed, Chengdu Plain has found 9 prehistoric city sites so far, the scale of these city sites from 100,000 to 2.76 million square meters, the time span from about 4500 to 3700 years ago, the earliest phase of Sanxingdui site culture belongs to this period, in order to facilitate research, we named this culture 'Baodun culture', Baodun culture is undoubtedly an important foundation for the development of Sanxingdui bronze civilization. Jiang Zhanghua, a researcher at the Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said.
Typical pottery of Baodun culture (according to Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)
"In the excavation of the ancient city of Yudui Village in Wenjiang District, we found clues to the evolution of Baodun culture to the second phase of Sanxingdui site culture (Sanxingdui culture). The ancient city of Yuyu is located in the hinterland of the Chengdu Plain, with a total area of about 400,000 square meters, in an irregular shape, the remains of the first and second phases of the site are typical of the Baodun culture period, and the relics of the third phase continue the characteristics of the Baodun cultural artifacts, and at the same time there are small flat-bottomed jars, high-handled beans and other artifacts similar to the second phase of the Sanxingdui site, which can be regarded as the transition period from the Baodun culture to the evolution of Sanxingdui culture, and with the development of future work, the understanding of this evolution process will continue to deepen. Professor Li Mingbin, the leader of the excavation team of the ancient city site of Yuyu and the director of the Shanghai University Museum, said.
Floor plan of the ruins of the ancient city of Yuzhu (according to Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)
Excavation and exploration photos of the ancient city site of Yujiao (according to Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)
The excavation site of the ancient city site of Yuzhu (according to Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)
Artifacts similar to Sanxingdui culture unearthed at the site of the ancient city of Yuzhu (according to Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)
Sanxingdui ruins workstation director Ran Honglin introduced, after years of efforts, the appearance of the ancient city of Sanxingdui is clearer, the city site area of 3.6 square kilometers, composed of the big city, the moon bay city, the small city of Cangbaobao and other parts, the scale exceeds the ancient city of Baodun, is the Yangtze River basin so far found about the Shang period of the largest and most complete "Wang City", its prosperity stage is about the middle and late Shang Dynasty, with Qingguanshan palace (or temple) complex, Sanxingdui 8 sacrificial pits and other important representatives. In terms of cultural connotation, the ancient city of Sanxingdui has obviously inherited the Baodun culture, and the technology of building city walls, large-scale houses, and wood-bone mud wall houses have been inherited. The orientation of Sanxingdui's high-grade buildings and important relics is similar to that of the "big houses" in the ancient cities of Baodun and Pixian, which have had an impact on the Jinsha site and even Chengdu after the Qin and Han dynasties. In addition, the characteristics of the combination of flat-bottomed device and lap foot device have been inherited in Sanxingdui.
"The first phase of the Sanxingdui site, that is, the Baodun cultural relics, are widely distributed in Sanxingdui, which shows that Sanxingdui has developed into a central settlement in the north of the Chengdu Plain during this period, but people in the Sanxingdui ancient city were very active during the period, and the early cultural accumulation and preservation of many sites are not very good. However, we found a group of pit-like remains equivalent to the late Baodun culture at the Rensheng Village site outside the west wall of the ancient city of Sanxingdui, and unearthed a batch of jade tools, which may be high-level tombs or relics with special meanings. Around 4000 years ago, it was in an important stage of the evolution of the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, and Sanxingdui may accelerate its transformation under this background, which created conditions for the rise of the ancient city of Sanxingdui in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out archaeological work in sites such as Rensheng Village, which will help uncover the mystery of the rise of the ancient city of Sanxingdui. Chen De'an said.
Excavation area exploration (west-east) (according to Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)
Jade tools unearthed at the site of Rensheng Village (according to Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)
Source: China Internet Joint Rumor Refutation Platform, Sichuan Internet Joint Rumor Refutation Platform, Cover News (Reporter Liu Kexin)