Editor's note:
Qingyang, located at the junction of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningbo provinces, is the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the Loess Plateau gully area, is the only old revolutionary area in Gansu, and has been labeled as "the old and the young and the poor".
In 2022, Qingyang's GDP will exceed 100 billion yuan for the first time, reaching 102.226 billion yuan, becoming the first 100-billion-level city and state in Gansu except for Lanzhou, the provincial capital, and in 2023, Qingyang's GDP will reach 110.037 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5%, with a growth rate higher than that of the whole country and better than that of the whole province, and Gansu's position as the second largest economy will be more stable.
At present, Qingyang, as the core city of the "Longdongnan Economic Belt" in the regional development pattern of "one core and three belts" in Gansu Province, has been regarded as the third pole of Gansu's economic development in addition to Lanzhou, the provincial capital, Jiuquan and Tianshui, the regional central city.
In recent years, Qingyang City has focused on the advantages of oil, gas, wind and photovoltaic resources, seized the policy opportunities of the "four national strategies", and showed the strong momentum of the third pole in serving the "big man of the country": a number of large projects with large scale, high energy level and strong driving force have been launched and started, and energy and chemical industry, digital economy, and "three-way two-way" circular agriculture are booming and in full swing...... The "vision map" of high-quality development is becoming a "real picture".
From now on, the Gansu Channel of CCTV will launch a series of reports on "Qingyang: The Third Pole Breakthrough" to look at the path and results, and explore the genetic code of the high-quality development of Qingyang, the old revolutionary area.
Lanzhou, April 16 (Reporter Di Wenjiong) As a traditional agricultural city, Qingyang City's planting, breeding industry, and apple characteristic industries have taken shape. Among them, the city has built 42 grain production demonstration belts of 10,000 mu; the breeding capacity of "cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens" is 616,700, 5,292,200, 1,384,800 and 62,231,500 respectively, and the scale of livestock and poultry breeding has reached 63.5 percent; the country's largest dwarf self-rooting apple base has been completed, and the output value of the whole apple industry chain has exceeded 10 billion yuan.
Based on the requirements of ecological, green and sustainable development of agricultural economy, the first problem faced by Qingyang agriculture is how to deal with the large number of straws, apple branches, and animal manure produced by the breeding industry?
Apple picking scene in Ning County, Qingyang City (courtesy of Qingyang Rong Media Center)
In 2021, Qingyang City launched the "three-yuan two-way" circular agriculture model. The so-called "two-way", simply put, is based on planting, animal husbandry, and fungus, so that the three industries of planting and breeding can support each other, and waste resources can be transformed and utilized to form a two-way closed-loop circle.
In 2023, Qingyang City will produce 59.65 million edible mushroom sticks, and the output of edible mushrooms will reach 15,200 tons, and the development of the edible fungus industry will become a trend rapidly. "Three-way two-way" has been regarded as the "optimal solution" of Qingyang's rich people.
"Eight Tigers" compete for Qingyang
"From June to September every year, Henan Province, the main mushroom producing area in the country, stopped production of shiitake mushrooms due to high temperatures, and the market was out of stock, and the shiitake mushrooms produced by our local cooperatives in Qingyang just made up for the market gap and could be sold at a price of 10 yuan per catty. At most, we can pick about 4,000 catties a day, and the average annual economic benefit can reach more than 900,000 yuan, excluding the cost, the net income can reach more than 400,000 yuan. Sun Chaopeng, head of Qingyang Pengyu Edible Mushroom Farmer Planting Cooperative, said.
At present, with shiitake mushroom and black fungus as the mainstay, supplemented by bisporus mushroom, oyster mushroom, morel mushroom and other varieties, Qingyang City has formed a development pattern of wood rot fungi such as black fungus and shiitake mushrooms in Xifeng District, Huachi County, Qingcheng County and Heshui County, and grass rot fungi such as Bisporus mushroom and oyster mushroom in Ning County, Zhenyuan County and Zhengning County.
Looking at the past report card and the future roadmap, the word "competition" jumped on the paper.
"At present, the 8 counties and districts of Qingyang are vigorously developing the edible fungus industry - fighting for project attraction, fighting for quantity and quality improvement, and fighting for the implementation of science and technology...... It has formed a good situation of 'hundreds of boats competing for the current'. Among them, Huachi County's mushroom production 'leads' in Qingyang 8 counties, Xifeng District, Heshui County, and Qingcheng County follow closely as the second phalanx, and Zhenyuan County, Ning County, Zhengning County and Huan County are 'fighting back'. Yang Youwei, chief of the planting management section of the Qingyang Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced.
The growth of jade fungus is gratifying (photo by Xiaomei of the Central Broadcasting Network)
In 2023, the output of edible fungi in Huachi County will be 6,060 tons, accounting for 43% of the edible fungus industry in Qingyang, with an output value of 110 million yuan.
In October 2021, Huachi County introduced leading edible fungus enterprises such as Tianjin Jinhua Luyuan and Shandong Jingu Zhen Stick to settle in, and built a mushroom stick production workshop, fresh-keeping warehouse, mushroom R&D center, mushroom experimental center, expert workstation, etc.
Li Xiaoli, director of the Huachi County Vegetable Office, said that the edible fungus industry in Huachi County can "take the lead" in the city because it is located in the Meridian Ridge forest edge area, the climate is colder, and the altitude is higher, which is an ideal environment for the natural growth of wild fungi. In particular, the southeastern region has a cool summer temperature and a large temperature difference, which forms a seasonal contrast with the large-scale production of edible fungi in the south, and there is great potential for off-season production.
It is understood that in 2024, Huachi County will make efforts to "extend the chain, strengthen science and technology, and create a brand" of edible fungi - in terms of extending the chain, it will develop and apply liquid strains and make every effort to solve the problem of "chips" of strains; in terms of strong science and technology, build an intensive and intelligent fungus cultivation facility, and at the same time, upgrade and transform the existing old fungus stick production facilities; in terms of creating a brand, it is planned to build a regional public brand of edible fungi with Huachi "fungus" elements, and complete one green certification of edible fungi. In 2024, Huachi County will strive to produce 10,500 tons of edible fungi and a comprehensive output value of 219 million yuan.
The mushroom output of Xifeng District, Qingcheng County and Heshui County all exceeded 1,000 tons, which was located in the middle of 8 counties. How to catch up with the first phalanx has become a question for the "midstream players".
According to reports, through the introduction and cultivation of leading enterprises in Xifeng District, the development of the edible fungus industry in the whole region has taken shape, but restricted by land policy factors, the production scale of the edible fungus industry is still small and scattered, the scale and intensive effect are insufficient, and the added value of the industry is not high.
In 2024, Xifeng District will be committed to completing the second phase of the expansion of the biological mushroom rod processing plant, accelerating the construction of 130 digital and intelligent mushroom production greenhouses in Huafu Agriculture and 170 standardized mushroom production greenhouses in Siguanzhai Village, and striving to achieve an annual output of more than 5,400 tons of edible mushrooms in the district, with an output value of more than 100 million yuan.
Due to the constraints of factors such as the small scale of edible mushroom production and the lack of fungus R&D enterprises and miscellaneous mushroom treatment entities, the development of the mushroom industry in the third-party array was relatively weak. In 2024, with the goal of starting first and overtaking in corners, through strategic adjustments, the momentum of third-party formations competing for development and counterattack to catch up should not be underestimated.
Taking Huanxian County as an example, in 2024, Huanxian County will make every effort to promote the construction of the Huanxian Smart Cabin Edible Fungus Factory and Modern Agricultural Industrial Park, which integrates "strain research and development, mushroom stick production, production and processing, packaging and sales", and plans to use two years to build 1 intelligent three-dimensional modern agricultural edible fungus production factory, 90 sets (rooms) of chicken fir fungus smart cabins, and 162 sets (rooms) of Xiuzhen mushroom smart cabins, supporting the construction of fungus bag cultivation workshops, dry material warehouses, boiler rooms and other facilities. After completion and operation, it is expected to produce 6,500 tons of edible fungi annually and the output value will reach more than 200 million yuan.
Village cadres are observing the mushroom production of mushrooms in the edible mushroom base of Siguanzhai Village (photo by Mao Nana from CCTV)
The original intention of enriching the people has landed in a fancy way
Before the Spring Festival this year, the villagers of Siguanzhai Village, Houguanzhai Town, Xifeng District, ushered in a "happy event" - the 2023 Edible Mushroom Industry Dividend Conference of Siguanzhai Village was held, and 368 cooperative members from 82 households shared a dividend of 736,000 yuan.
"We use the 'three ends and three pipes' (the front end of the enterprise tube, the middle end of the mass tube, and the end of the collective tube) to develop the fungus industry, simply put, the research and development of mushrooms, the processing of mushroom sticks by the enterprise, the construction of mushroom sheds, the production of mushrooms by the masses, product sales, waste treatment by the cooperative. In 2023, it will produce 830,000 sticks of shiitake mushrooms, achieve an annual sales revenue of more than 9 million yuan, and a net profit of more than 3 million yuan. Gao Hu, secretary of the general party branch of Siguanzhai Village, introduced that Siguanzhai Village in accordance with the requirements of the city and district to develop "three-way two-way" circular agriculture, taking advantage of the reform of the property rights system, so that the "stragglers" type of farmers form a close interest association, raised more than 1,800 yuan, and built an edible mushroom (mushroom) industry demonstration base covering an area of 92 acres. Through the cooperative business model of "leading enterprises + cooperatives + bases + farmers", we will lead the masses to develop the edible fungus industry.
Wang Baojun, director of the Agricultural Industrialization Development Center of Xifeng District, introduced that in addition to the "three-end and three-pipe" model of Siguanzhai Village, Houguanzhai Town, at present, through the way of government construction sheds, enterprises providing technical services, and farmers renting back planting, 35 teaching demonstration greenhouses in the Qingyang black fungus breeding base have been leased by surrounding farmers to plant fungus. The purpose of this method is to let more farmers take the initiative to understand and master the edible fungus planting technology, and better integrate into the development of "three-way two-way".
Workers are picking bisporus mushrooms in the standardized production base of Gannong mushroom Li edible mushroom industry chain (photo by CCTV reporter Li Hongjun)
Located in Jiaocun Town, Ningxian County, Gannong mushroom edible mushroom industry chain Bisporus standardized production base with a total investment of 1.2 billion yuan, has built 3 production lines of 36 Irish greenhouses, of which 12 greenhouses have been put into production, with an annual output of 77,000 tons of organic Bisporus mushroom.
"Enterprises invest in the construction of sheds, and the villagers of Jiaocun Town can also choose to work in the company, and 3,000 people can achieve stable employment after all 36 Irish greenhouses are put into operation. In addition, the greenhouses built by the village collectives themselves can also be entrusted to the company. Yao Liang, general manager of Gannong Mushroom Power (Qingyang) Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., said.
Wang Yongjie, captain of the comprehensive administrative law enforcement team of Jiaocun Town, said, "Due to the high cost of farmers to build sheds by themselves, this year, Jiaocun Township Changguan Village and Ren Village used the village collective bonus and subsidy funds to start the construction of 12 Irish greenhouses, and the greenhouses were handed over to the leading enterprises for management after completion, and finally the village collective dividends benefited, and the annual dividend income is expected to be more than 50,000 yuan." ”
Yao Liang introduced that after the project is completed, the company can digest 140,000 tons of wheat straw and 10 tons of chicken manure every year, and these "wastes" can make 280,000 tons of edible fungus base materials. Among them, 140,000 tons of base materials will be digested by the company itself, and the remaining 140,000 tons of base materials will be sold at a lower market price, mushrooms for base materials, wheat straw for base materials and other ways to provide farmers or village collectives participating in the industrial chain mushroom planting. Yao Liang explained: "Enabling farmers to use better base material for planting is essentially a way to drive industrial development and get rich together. ”
Workers are placing fungus bags (photo by CCTV reporter Li Hongjun)
The policy matrix strengthens the foundation
Digging deep into the advantages and revitalizing resources is the basis for the rapid development of Qingyang City's "three-way and two-way", and the global planning and three-dimensional policy are the indispensable "promoters" to accelerate its development.
As early as 2021, Qingyang City will actively build a "three-way two-way" circular agriculture pattern, build a national agricultural green development pilot area for the whole city, create a number of ecological recycling agricultural industrial parks in counties and districts according to local conditions, and create a circular agriculture development platform of "one district and multiple parks", so as to promote the planting, breeding and fungus industries to achieve a city-wide cycle.
"Since the development of 'three-way two-way' circular agriculture in Qingyang City, the edible fungus industry has developed rapidly, but almost all the strains used in production are purchased from other places, and the exogenous strains will be degraded and aging after refrigerated transportation. Zhang Wei, a senior lecturer at Qingyang Forestry School in Gansu Province, said.
Zhang Wei introduced that in 2023, the edible fungus base of Siguanzhai Village, Houguanzhai Town, Xifeng District, will complete the first inoculation of self-developed and cultivated liquid strains. This inoculation is an iterative experiment in which the provenance of the base bacteria changed from solid to liquid and exogenous to self-sufficient. In 2024, Xifeng District will set up a national, provincial and municipal edible fungus system expert team to better assist the masses in developing the edible fungus industry.
Xifeng District's scientific and technological research and development in the edible fungus industry is not unique. In terms of scientific and technological support, up to now, Qingyang City has built 4 edible fungus science and technology demonstration towns and 15 science and technology demonstration sites, through the establishment of edible fungus research group, strengthening the training and cultivation of technical personnel, and strengthening the sinking service of technical personnel, Xifeng District, Qingcheng County, Huachi County, and Heshui County plan to train more than 500 mushroom farmers (times) every year, and Zhenyuan County, Ning County, Zhengning County, and Huan County plan to train more than 300 mushroom farmers (times) every year, so as to lead the improvement of edible mushroom production level.
In terms of reward and subsidy policies, in 2023, Qingyang City will use the subsidy funds for promoting rural revitalization, the integration funds of financial support for agriculture, and the counterpart assistance funds to give subsidies to business entities in the research and development of strains and the production of fungus sticks, so as to support the development of the edible fungus industry.
In 2024, Qingyang City will take the creation of a national agricultural green development pilot zone as the overall control, take the construction of a "three-way two-way" circular agriculture pattern as the starting point, optimize the industrial layout in accordance with the development idea of "one game of chess for the whole city, one county for one characteristic", accelerate the completion of the shortcomings and weaknesses of the research and development of strains, scientific and technological support, joint agriculture with agriculture and group development, highlight the comparative benefits of the industry and the benefits of farmers' income increase, strengthen policies, mechanisms and scientific and technological guarantees, and vigorously promote the high-quality development of the edible fungus industry.
It is understood that Qingyang City will plan to reserve a number of "three-way two-way" circular agriculture projects, actively strive for provincial financial support, increase financial support, integrate agriculture-related funds, effective connection funds, etc., to support the development of "three-yuan two-way" circular agriculture;