At the end of the Warring States period, the princes fought and military strategists came out one after another. However, those who can really "plot" and "cut friends" are those who are skillful and eloquent. Under the command of Qin Shi Huang Yingzheng, there was such a prodigy who could speak well - Dun Weak. This person didn't have to kneel down when he saw Yingzheng, and even made King Qin cry poor in front of him. What was so remarkable about the weakness that Qin Shi Huang could be so reused? What role did he play in the process of Qin's unification of the Six Kingdoms?
1. Weak life experience
Weak, the word Ziyu, the Wei State Acheng people's clan. He came from a humble background, his parents died young, and he lived a life of exile since he was a child. In order to make a living, Dun Weak often wandered in the market, relying on his three-inch tongue to debate the merits for others, and gradually became famous in the local area.
Acheng of Wei State, located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, has simple folk customs and advocates integrity. However, during the Warring States Period, the princes competed for hegemony, and the people were struggling to make a living, and some injustices and injustices inevitably appeared in the city. Seeing this scene, he often spoke up for the weak, exposed the evil deeds of the powerful and powerful, and upheld justice for the people. Over time, his eloquence and integrity won the praise of all.
One day, Wang Long, a big family in Acheng, forcibly seized the widow's property, and the widow cried and complained that she had no way, and found a weak moment when she was desperate. Without saying a word, he immediately entered the mansion to debate with Wang Lung. He analyzed it in detail and said it conclusively, exposing all kinds of evil deeds of Wang Lung. Wang Lung was ashamed and immediately returned the widow's property. As soon as this incident came out, his reputation was greatly boosted and he became a hero in the hearts of the people of Acheng.
However, Don was not satisfied with showing his talents in one city and one place. He knew that in order to be ambitious, he had to be at the center of power. So, he resolutely bid farewell to his hometown and went to Xianyang alone to defect to Qin.
At that time, the Qin State was at the beginning of the reign of King Yingzheng of Qin. Ying Zheng is eloquent and ambitious, but he is in ruins, and there are constant internal and external troubles. Yingzheng urgently needs to recruit talents to assist him in governing the country.
When he first entered Xianyang, he quickly emerged in the court of the Qin State with his outstanding eloquence. He is often above the court, acupuncture the current evils, and his words are sharp, which impresses the ministers. When Ying Zheng heard the news, he admired this newcomer very much, and decided to summon Dun Weak.
However, Dun Weak made a shocking request: do not kneel when you see the king, and do not perform the courtesy of the monarch and ministers. In the Qin State at that time, this was simply a great rebellion and a rebellion. The ministers were in an uproar and dissuaded Yingzheng one after another, not to agree to the rude request of the weak.
Ying Zheng didn't care, he valued talents, not courtesy. So, Ying Zheng readily agreed to Dun Xiao's request and personally greeted him in front of the palace. Since then, Dun Liang has become the only person in the court of the Qin State who does not kneel when he sees the king.
When he first entered the Qin State, he won the trust and appreciation of Yingzheng with his extraordinary talent and courage. Although he came from a humble background, he had extraordinary ambitions and ambitions. In that era of heroes, with his own efforts, Dun Liang grew step by step from a small citizen in the market to an important minister of the Qin State, and composed a legend. And this is just the beginning of his legendary life.
Second, he suddenly weakened into Qin as an official
Soon after he arrived in Xianyang, his talent and eloquence attracted the attention of Li Si, the prime minister of Qin. Li Si recommended to King Yingzheng of Qin: "Weakness is a genius, if it is not used by our Qin State, it will be used by other countries, which is a great loss for the Qin State." When Ying Zheng heard this, he became more curious about the weakness and decided to meet this strange man in person.
However, Dun Weak made a shocking request: do not kneel when you see the king, and do not perform the courtesy of the monarch and ministers. In the Qin State at that time, this was simply a great rebellion and a rebellion. The ministers were in an uproar and dissuaded Yingzheng one after another, not to agree to the rude request of the weak. Ying Zheng didn't care, he valued talents, not courtesy. So, Ying Zheng readily agreed to Dun Xiao's request and personally greeted him in front of the palace.
After meeting Ying Zheng, Ying Zheng asked, "What does Sir think is the trend of the world?" However, if the king wants to achieve hegemony, he must first cultivate his family. Ying Zheng was puzzled and asked what he meant.
Suddenly, he said bluntly: "Although the king is a king, he imprisons his biological mother, Empress Dowager Zhao, in Yongcheng, which is against filial piety, and I am afraid that the world will not accept it." It turned out that when Ying Zheng had just succeeded to the throne, because of the rebellion of Chang Yu, he had a dislike for his mother Zhao Ji, and imprisoned him in Yongcheng, and ordered that no one should mention this matter, otherwise there would be no forgiveness.
Ying Zheng was furious when he heard this, and questioned Don Weak: "Why do outsiders need to put their beaks in the affairs of a widow?" Don Weak is neither humble nor arrogant, and argues on the basis of reason: "The king is an example of the world, how can he abolish his mother with personal grudges? If the king insists on doing so, he is afraid that he will lose the hearts of the people and it will be difficult to convince the world." ＂
Ying Zheng was moved by the weak words, he pondered for a long time, and finally made up his mind to send someone to take the Queen Mother back to Xianyang. This move greatly increased Yingzheng's prestige, and everyone in the world praised him as a filial son. Ying Zheng sincerely admired the foresight of Don Weak and decided to reuse him.
Suddenly weakened and said to Yingzheng: "If the king wants to dominate the world, he should first take the two kingdoms of Han and Wei." These two countries are located in the Central Plains, and they are battleground for soldiers. If you can win Han and Wei, then the world can be successful. Ying Zheng asked, "What is the best plan for sir?"
He replied weakly: "The minister is willing to send envoys to Han and Wei for the king, win the hearts of the people for the Qin State, and dismantle its conspiracy." But the minister needs ten thousand gold to be able to succeed. When Ying Zheng heard that he was going to take out 10,000 gold, he suddenly looked embarrassed: "The widow's treasury is empty, and it may be difficult to come up with 10,000 gold." ＂
He said with a weak smile: "If the king can win the world, this ten thousand gold will be a drop in the bucket." Ying Zheng was moved by Dun Weak's words, and immediately allocated 10,000 gold, and ordered Dun Weak to send envoys to Han and Wei.
In this way, with his extraordinary eloquence and strategy, Dun Liang won the hearts of the people of Han and Wei for the Qin State, and laid the foundation for the great cause of the unification of the Qin State in the future. Ying Zheng became more and more serious about the weakness, and often talked with him about the general trend of the world and listened to his advice.
Dun Weak's status in the court of the Qin State is also getting higher and higher, and he gives advice and strategizes, becoming one of the most powerful advisors of the Qin State. However, all this stems from the conversation he had when he first entered the Qin State, and from his courage and wisdom to dare to speak out and challenge authority.
3. Weakly lobbying the princes
After being ordered to envoy Han and Wei, he first came to Yangzhai, the capital of Korea. Han Wang'an was very curious when he heard that Qin had sent an eloquent envoy, so he summoned Don Qiao. After entering the palace, Han Wangan asked, "Sir, why are you here?"
He replied weakly: "I am here for the safety of South Korea." Han Wangan was shocked when he heard this, and asked what he meant. Suddenly, he said: "Today, Qin is the strongest, and although Korea is united with Wei, Zhao and other countries, it will be difficult to defeat Qin. If South Korea can form an alliance with Qin, it can ensure the country's well-being, otherwise I am afraid that a catastrophe will come. ＂
Han Wangan listened to the weak words, and his heart was uneasy. He knew that what he said was the truth, but he was unwilling to submit to the Qin State. So, Han Wang'an decided to have a debate with Dun Liang to see what this envoy of the Qin State was capable of.
During the debate, Han Wangan argued with reason, but suddenly weakened his tongue and refuted Han Wangan speechless. In the end, Han Wang'an had to admit Dun's weak talent and decided to form an alliance with Qin. He lobbied in South Korea again, and gathered many South Korean ministers, laying the foundation for the alliance between Qin and South Korea.
After leaving Korea, he came to Daliang, the capital of Wei. When the king of Wei heard that Korea had formed an alliance with Qin, he panicked, fearing that Wei would become Qin's next target. Therefore, the king of Wei pretended to send people to greet Don Qiao, hoping to learn the true intentions of the Qin state from his mouth.
After seeing the fake of the king of Wei, he said straight to the point: "Why should the king be alarmed? The reason why the Qin State formed an alliance with Korea was to isolate the Wei State. If Wei could form an alliance with Qin, Korea would inevitably defect to Wei, and Qin would fall into isolation. ＂
When King Wei heard this, he suddenly realized. He repeatedly praised Dun's weak resourcefulness and immediately decided to form an alliance with Qin. Dun Qiao also lobbied many ministers in the Wei State, laying the foundation for the future return of the Wei State to the Qin State.
After leaving the Wei State, he came to the Zhao State again. At that time, Li Muzheng, a famous general of Zhao State, led an army to resist Qin, and Zhao Wangqian had a grudge against Qin. He knew it wouldn't be easy, but he decided to give it a try.
Don Weak first met with Zhao Wangqian, Zhao Wangqian was not friendly to this envoy of the Qin State, and asked coldly: "Is the gentleman here to persuade the Zhao State to return to the Qin State?" ＂
Suddenly, he first praised Li Mu's military exploits, and then analyzed the situation of Zhao Guo. He pointed out that although Zhao had Li Mu in charge, it would be difficult to defeat the powerful military of Qin. If Zhao can form an alliance with Qin, it can ensure the health of the country, otherwise I am afraid that a great disaster will come.
Zhao Wangqian listened to the weak words, and his heart was moved. He knew that what he said was the truth, but he was unwilling to submit to the Qin State. So, Zhao Wangqian decided not to express his position for the time being, but sent someone to secretly monitor Li Mu to see if he had the intention of rebellion.
Seeing this, he knew that this was an opportunity. He secretly contacted Guo Kai, the minister of Zhao, and asked him to slander in front of Zhao Wangqian, saying that Li Mu had the intention of rebellion. Guo Kai did so, and Zhao Wangqian really fell for the plan and ordered Li Mu to be killed.
As soon as Li Mu died, Zhao Guojun's heart was in turmoil, and his national strength was greatly reduced. Don took the opportunity to lobby the ministers of Zhao to return to Qin. In the end, Zhao submitted to Qin in the midst of internal and external troubles.
After leaving the Zhao Kingdom, he came to the Yan Kingdom again. Yan Wangxi has always been in awe of the Qin State, and after seeing the weak state, he asked very respectfully: "Mr. is here, I don't know what advice you have?" The king of Qin said that the general trend of the world has been decided, and if the Yan State can return to the Qin State, it can ensure the health of the country, otherwise it may be difficult to escape the conquest of the Qin State. ＂
When King Yan heard this, he immediately expressed his willingness to return to Qin. Dun Qiao also lobbied many ministers in Yan State, laying the foundation for Yan State to become a vassal state of Qin State in the future.
In this way, he traveled all over the four countries of Han, Wei, Zhao, and Yan, and made great contributions to the Qin State by winning the hearts of the people, disintegrating and uniting the Zong. King Yingzheng of Qin was overjoyed when he heard the news, and gave him a thousand taels of gold for his weakness, and named him Shangqing, ranking as the third duke.
The weak lobbying journey can be called a great legend in the Warring States period. With his eloquence and resourcefulness, he cleared the obstacles to the unification of the Qin state, and also earned himself a prominent position and reputation. However, his story is far from over, and even greater challenges await him.
Fourth, the historical position of the weakness
Dun weak's lobbying trip in the Qin State made great contributions to the unification of the six states of the Qin State. However, in Sima Qian's "Historical Records", there are few records of the weakness. Sima Qian simply mentioned Dun Qiao's name in the "Qin Shi Huang Benji", calling him "Qin Keqing", and did not describe his deeds in detail.
This may have something to do with Sima Qian's writing tendencies. In the "Records of the Historians", Sima Qian focused more on recording the deeds of military strategists and politicians, and did not write much about lobbyists. In addition, although Dun Wei made an important contribution to the unification of Qin, he was not the protagonist after all, and naturally did not occupy too much space in the biography of Qin Shi Huang.
However, this does not mean that the contribution of the tonal group can be ignored. During the Warring States period, although lobbyists were not directly involved in the war, their words and strategies had an important impact on the situation of the war. As said in "Guiguzi": "The use of soldiers by saints is not a good thing, and they will be punished with violence to fight for chaos." Therefore, those who make good use of the army should serve in their hearts, not in their strength. This means that the holy monarch did not use his troops because he liked war, but to punish tyranny and pacify trouble. Therefore, those who are good at using soldiers use wisdom to convince people's hearts, rather than relying solely on force.
Dun Weak is such a lobbyist who is good at "serving in the heart". With his extraordinary eloquence and resourcefulness, he won the hearts of the people for the Qin State and disintegrated the alliance, which can be described as a hero of "cutting diplomatic relations". His contribution was in no way inferior to that of the generals who "cut the army", but it was only because he did not directly participate in the war that he was less conspicuous.
In fact, in the process of Qin's unification of the six countries, the weakness can be said to have made great contributions. He first persuaded Han Wang'an to form an alliance with Qin, disintegrating the alliance of Han, Wei, and Zhao. Then, he lobbied the king of Wei to fake, so that the Wei state also fell to the Qin state. In the State of Zhao, the sudden weakness even resorted to a discordant plan, allowing the king of Zhao to kill the famous general Li Mu, thereby weakening the military strength of the Zhao State. In the end, he persuaded King Yan to return to Qin, clearing the obstacles in the east for Qin.
It can be said that without the weak lobbying, the great cause of the reunification of the Qin State may be difficult to achieve, and it will be postponed for many years at least. Dun's contribution can be called a legend in the Warring States period, and his story has also left a valuable historical wealth for future generations.
However, the end of the sudden weakness was not satisfactory. According to historical records, after the Qin State unified the world, Dun was not reused by Qin Shi Huang, but was relegated to a remote place, and finally died in a foreign land. This may be related to the weak character, he has always been upright and dares to speak out, which is probably a dangerous quality in the unified Qin Dynasty.
Although his weak old age was not lucky, his life was legendary and brilliant. He went from a cloth cloth to a cloth coat, and with his extraordinary talent and courage, he became the secretary of the Qin State and ranked as the third duke. His lobbying journey has created one miracle after another, and has made great contributions to the great cause of the reunification of the Qin State.
Today, we look back on the story of Don Weak, not only to remember the great lobbyist, but also to draw wisdom and strength from his experience. In that era of competition, Dun Liang relied on his talent and hard work to create one miracle after another and compose a legend. This kind of indomitable and pioneering spirit is worth learning and carrying forward by each and every one of us.
The story of Dun Weak also tells us that in the long river of history, there are many unknown heroes, although they are not like those famous generals, forever in history, but their contributions are also worthy of our memory and praise. It is precisely the countless such heroes that have forged the glorious history of our nation and created the beautiful life we have today.