Author/Gao Jiyi, flag nationality, Liaoyang garrison. Zhang Xueliang's guard officer.
In January 1929, Zhang Xueliang executed Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai, which was a major event that attracted the attention of all parties at that time, and indeed had a major impact on the politics of Northeast China at that time. Why Zhang Xueliang killed Yang and Chang is a matter of different legends. In fact, the contradiction between Zhang Tongyang and Chang has existed for a long time, and it is by no means an accidental event. I have witnessed it and described it below.
The contradiction between Zhang Xueliang and Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai
Zhang Xueliang executed Yang and Chang for many reasons. First of all, Yang Yuting is a person who thinks highly of himself and has great ambitions. Zhang Zuolin was extremely favored by him, relying on him like his right and left hand, and even handed over his personal private seal to him, and the military and political affairs of the Northeast relied on him. Yang Yuting also pretends to be Zhuge and arrogant, and he is invincible. From the first Zhifeng War to the third entry of the Northeast Army, Yang has been controlling the military and political affairs of the Northeast, and he is really a hot figure.
Zhang Xueliang is naturally deeply dissatisfied with Yang Yuting's reckless behavior, but there is nothing to do with his father. The Fengtian Arsenal, which Yang Yutou also supervised, was huge in scale, and its expenditure accounted for the first place in Northeast China. However, this country-famous arsenal is full of evils and bribes the public bank. This was a well-known thing in the Northeast at that time. In order to promote Yang Yuting's consciousness, Zhang Xueliang specially asked for the permission of his father to set up a mortar factory, with his classmate Li Yichun as the factory director. This mortar factory is small in size and has little expenditure, but it is well-produced. Even so, it failed to impress Yang Yuting in the slightest. This is a remote cause of Zhang Yang's contradiction.
Yang Yuting is scheming and scheming, and he is determined to establish his own power in the Northeast. During the period when Wang Yongjiang was acting as the governor of Fengtian, the appointment of officials had to be selected by Wang, and Yang had no way to interfere. However, after Wang took office, when Liu Shangqing and Mo Dehui succeeded to the governors, Yang Yuting took advantage of his power and began to install a large number of his henchmen, such as county magistrates, tax bureau chiefs, and police chiefs, who filled vacancies as soon as they were filled, and then further developed into Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. As a result, the political and personnel power in the Northeast has almost been in the hands of Yang Yuxia. However, Yang was not satisfied with this, and he deliberately planned to insert his descendant Japanese non-commissioned officer faction into the Northeast Army, in an attempt to gradually grasp the actual military power in the Northeast. However, this problem is not so simple, Wu Junsheng and Zhang Zuoxiang are Zhang Yulin's entrepreneurial partners, and they each have their own portals, and he can't insert them. The Third and Fourth Front Armies, which were known for their elite, were under the command of Zhang Xueliang and Han Linchun, and it was impossible for Yang to try to insert the officers. So he quoted Yu Zhen, a Japanese non-commissioned officer classmate, to establish a reserve army and reserve a large number of Japanese non-commissioned officer faction officers. He used an order stamped with Zhang Zuolin's seal to inform all armies that no matter what happened to the officers and men, they were not allowed to fill them on their own, and they had to be transferred from the reserve army to supplement them. He believed that if he implemented this method, he would gradually insert his non-commissioned officer line into the entire army in the northeast, and the northeast army would naturally become his force. Guo Songling saw through his conspiracy, informed Zhang Xueliang and tried his best to prevent the realization of this conspiracy. Yang naturally hated Guo Songling when he reached the apex, and tried his best to get rid of Guo as soon as possible, so that Guo finally defected. This is another remote cause of Zhang Yang's contradiction.
In 1924, the Northeast Army won the Second Zhifeng War, Yang Yuting had no military merits and competed for the post of Jiangsu Governor, but he was chased by Sun Chuanfang and Chen Tiaoyuan in a short time, and fled back to Fengtian in embarrassment. For a while, the Northeast Army whispered and discussed its incompetence. For the shame of Tuxue's fiasco, he tried his best to instigate Zhang Zuolin to start a war again in order to achieve his weight
Gan who returned to Jiangnan. Zhang Xueliang advocated recuperation. As a result, Zhang Zuolin still obeyed Yang Yuting's proposal, and the Northeast Army entered the customs for the third time to participate in the civil war. At this time, Han Langchun was ill, and Yang Yuting and Zhang Xueliang served as the commanders of the third and fourth regiments. Once Yang grasped the military power, he was elated, arrogant and indulging, starting from Shenyang, he carried "Zhang Xian", "Ma Shenxian" and other four warlocks, and took another special car. Zhang Xueliang didn't take his actions seriously, but because the persuasion was useless, he had to listen to it. But it just so happened that one day the special car stopped at Matouzhen Station on the Jinghan Line, and suddenly a white rabbit broke into the car and escaped. These warlocks said to Yang: "The eggs are in conflict, and there will be misfortune in the afternoon, so hurry up and withdraw the cart from Matou Town." "Unexpectedly, in the afternoon, the enemy cavalry rushed into the station and set fire to the house. After this coincidence, Yang Ziting thought that he had a clever trick and earth arch guard, which further nurtured his ambition to gain power. Zhang Xueliang has been more despised since then, and Yang does not put Zhang in his eyes, and the two sides are getting deeper and deeper. This is the third remote cause of Zhang Yang's contradiction.
After Zhang Zuolin became the generalissimo, Yang Yuting was favored and obeyed, so he was able to further control the military and political power. At the same time, he also formed a deep alliance with Chang Yinhuai, who held the power of transportation, and became a sworn friend. But Zhang Xueliang also has his strong strength, when Zhang Zuolin was alive, although Yang and Chang were extremely arrogant and arrogant, they were hindered by Zhang Zuolin, so they only had a secret fight with Zhang Xueliang and no open fight. However, the root of the contradiction between Zhang Tongyang and Chang is already very deep.
After Zhang Zuolin's death, the relationship between Zhang and Yang Chang deteriorated further
In June 1928, after Zhang Zuolin was killed by the Japanese in Huanggutun, Zhang Xueliang disguised himself as a soldier and galloped back to Shenyang in a military vehicle, stabilizing the situation in Northeast China at a time when he was in danger and shocked. But at this time, the people inside were panicked, and there were Japanese people outside, and Zhang Xueliang, who was worried, urgently needed to praise him left and right. At the same time, he also realized that in order to resist foreign insults and avenge his father, he must first seek national reunification and make every effort to help the outside world. However, after Yang Yuting returned to Shenyang, he regarded himself as a father, colluded with Chang Yinhuai, co-opted civil and military officials, obstructed Zhang's political views in many ways, and attempted to manipulate the entire Northeast politics. Zhang Xueliang successively asked him to take over the Heilongjiang military affairs supervision left by Wu Junsheng and asked him to take up important responsibilities in Jilin, but he said no, but the town accepted bureaucrats and politicians from all walks of life in the Yang Mansion along the Xiaohe, pointing fingers and arrogance, and had the general idea of "who else can I do in the world today". For a while, the people who ran to drill the camp came from Zhiyun, and the small river along the Yang Mansion invisibly became the political center of the Northeast. Moreover, Yang was born as a Japanese non-commissioned officer, and he has always been attracted to the Japanese, and at this time, there are still messengers, which has caused all kinds of speculation outside, and Zhang Xueliang naturally understands it completely. Many new contradictions followed.
At this time, Yang Yuting, in addition to the army's failure to master as he wished, had already made considerable progress in politics and transportation. In order to realize his ambition of seizing power in Northeast China, he deliberately wanted to control the police power of Liaoning Province. At that time, I was the chief of police, and in order to exclude me, he recommended me to Zhang Xueliang to serve as the director of the bureau on the grounds that the Harbin Middle East Railway Land and Mu Bureau was an important revenue institution in Northeast China. After Zhang Xueliang agreed, Yang Sui recommended his private party Xingyouzhang to take over as the Commissioner of Police. I went to the south of the Harbin Dimu Bureau for two weeks, and suddenly received a telegram from Zhang Xueliang, ordering me to return to Shenyang immediately. I was silent at night, and Zhang Zhi still returned to the police force immediately. This is Zhang Xueliang who saw through Yang Yuting's intentions, so he made this change. This incident caused Yang to be very unhappy. Since then, in terms of arranging personnel, Zhang and Yang have become more vigilant.
In the political situation in Northeast China at that time, the old and new factions were loyal to Zhang Xueliang. Yang Yuting didn't care about the old school at all, and the so-called new faction around Zhang, such as Lu Muting, Zhang Zhenlu, Jing Youyan, and my cronies, all regarded him as a dissident, and especially regarded me as a thorn in his side. And these of us were all important officials around Zhang Xueliang at that time, and if Yang wanted to completely control the real power in Northeast China, he had to transfer us away from Zhang Zhi's left and right. However, his first step was to exclude my conspiracy, which was discovered by Zhang Xueliang, and he could not sell it, so he changed his method, and he summoned all the officials above the county bureau chief who were newly announced at that time. In this way, Zhang Xueliang naturally sensed what Yang Yuting's plans were deep down.
At this time, the "Manchurian Daily," which the Japanese ran in Shenyang, suddenly came up with a trick of holding a public opinion poll in Northeast China, listing dozens of people, including Zhang Xueliang, Yang Yuting, Zhang Zuoxiang, Wan Fulin, and Chang Yinhuai, on a single list, with ballots printed underneath, asking readers to fill in one military and political chief of the three eastern provinces and one chairman of Liaoning, Kyrgyzstan, and Heihe provinces every day, and cut them out and send them to the newspaper. Yang Yuting took advantage of this opportunity to send people to buy a large number of the newspaper, filled in Yang's name on the ballot papers, and sent them to the newspaper one after another, reaching thousands of copies every day. Yang did this in order to show that he was the one to whom the will of the people belonged. Afterwards, the waste newspapers sold by the Yang Mansion amounted to thousands of catties, and this secret became known to the outside world. After Zhang Xueliang knew about this, it is conceivable how he felt.
After the Northeast Army retreated to Guanwai, it was not easy to maintain its funds because of the large number of soldiers, and in order to tighten expenditures, first of all, all generals above the rank of commander of the army were changed to military staff officers, and a council of officers was set up to decide on the method of reducing the number of troops. Zhang Xueliang was already addicted to hobbies at this time, and every time the Senate meeting was held, he could not often sit on the meeting table, and Yang Ziting was the chairman when he left. Whenever Zhang Xueliang went downstairs at any time to inquire about the situation or have a claim, Yang Xue stopped him and said, "You don't know, don't care." Such a noisy situation has really reached the point where "this is tolerable, which is unbearable".
step. In addition, Yang often said to people behind his back: "He injects a lot of poison needles every day, and he will definitely kill himself in the future." Zhang couldn't tolerate this, and he may have planted a killing opportunity because of this.
The close collusion between Yang and Chang is well known. Once, the two of them met with Zhang and talked about expanding the arsenal. Zhang said that the current fiscal expenditure in the Northeast is being reduced in all aspects, and the arsenal should also be tightened. Even if it is necessary to expand, where will the financial resources come from? Yang Wenzhi said without hesitation that the railways could allocate a certain amount of money every month. Zhang asked Chang Menghuai, and Chang immediately and generously agreed. Zhang suddenly recalled that not long ago, he had asked Chang to raise some money from the railway to supplement military spending, but Chang refused, but in contrast, An Neng did not move. Later, Zhang executed Yang and Chang together, which should be said to be one of the causes.
In the autumn of 1928, Yang congratulated his father on the Xiong, and the traffic along the small river was bustling, and the grand occasion was unprecedented in Shenyang. Chiang Kai-shek, Yan Xishan, Guangdong, Sichuan, and other local powerful factions all sent representatives to Shen to congratulate him. Dignitaries from Japanese political circles also sent representatives. Not to mention the local officials in the Northeast. On the day of the birthday, Zhang Xueliang went to celebrate his birthday, and Yang Jing treated him with ordinary etiquette, no different from ordinary guests. Not only did Yang proudly claim to be the first leader in Northeast China, but also congratulatory guests from all over the country complimented Yang and Yang was a figure who was expected by everyone in Northeast China. Zhang witnessed these scenes, how could he be
On the table that day, Zhang always supported his head with his hands, thoughtful, and his mood was depressed, which can be imagined.
Chang Yinhuai not only held the power of the Northeast Railway Transportation, but also concurrently served as the governor of Heilongjiang Province, flying high-flying, arbitrary, and arbitrary, and did not take the Heilongjiang Military Affairs Supervisor Wan Fulin in his eyes, and established a provincial security team, and purchased a large number of new guns as his own strength. Wan Fulin believed that he was the in-law of the Zhang family, and he was among the elders, so he was unwilling, and he repeatedly came to Shenyang to cry to Zhang Xueliang. And the elders of the old school in the Northeast, in view of the rapid growth of Yang and Chang's power, fearing that they would endanger themselves, also spoke to Zhang Jin from time to time.
The more conspicuous contradiction between Zhang, Yang, and Chang was that Zhang Xueliang advocated cooperation with the Kuomintang and immediately changed banners, while Yang and Chang obstructed cooperation with Nanjing and opposed the hanging of the blue sky and white sun flag. On this specific issue, there were major differences between Zhang Xueliang, Yang Yuting, and Chang Yinhuai, which made the situation more and more tense. Those with insight are well aware that there are many hidden worries in the politics of Northeast China, and sooner or later there will be rapid changes. As it turned out, immediately after the change of banners in Northeast China on December 29, 1928, an incident finally broke out.
The process of executing Yang and Chang
On the afternoon of January 10, 1929, Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai came to see Zhang Xueliang and requested the establishment of the Northeast Railway Supervision Office, with Chang Yinhuai as the supervisor. Their reasoning was that the China Eastern Railway had always refused to accept the command of the Northeast Communications Commission since it was a Sino-Soviet joint railway, and that if the Northeast Railway Supervision Office was established, it would be able to be brought under its jurisdiction. Zhang Xueliang said at the time that as soon as the Northeast was stabilized, matters involving diplomacy should be carefully considered and should not be hastily handled, so this matter must be considered in the long run.
Yang and Chang Zejian immediately decided, and took out the note that had been written, and asked Zhang to sign it. In the end, Zhang said that it was now dinner time, and he would wait for the dinner to make a decision, and leave Yang and Chang for dinner. Yang said that when he came, he had told his family to go back to eat, and he would go back to eat and come back. So Yang and Chang Xiangrate resigned.
As soon as they left, Zhang called me to the house, and it was half past five in the afternoon. When I entered the palace and was summoned into the inner room by Zhang, he calmly said to me: "Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai have deceived me too much, and they have tried their best to obstruct the reunification of the whole country. It is a matter of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, and if this matter is to be handled, it should also be consulted in Nanjing for long-term consideration. But they asked me to sign it right away, and it was so unusual. Now they are going back to eat, and they will be back in a few moments. I give you the order that they should be put to death at once, and you will lead the land to carry it out. "After I accept the order, please indicate where it should be carried out. Zhang instructed that it should be carried out in the Tiger Hall, and told me in a relaxed tone: "You have to be careful, both of them have pistols with them." "So I had six guards, led by Tan Hai, my aide-de-camp of guards; In addition, Liu Duoquan was responsible for the security duties inside and outside the house, and only allowed people to come in and not to go out (Liu only knew that there would be a big event at that time, but he did not know that Yang and Chang would be executed). - After more than two hours, Yang and Chang came and walked into the Tiger Hall. Tan Hai and I led six guards into the Tiger Hall with pistols and immediately confronted Yang and Chang
Announced: "On the orders of the Governor, the two of you who obstruct the reunification of the country will be executed and executed immediately." When Yang and Chang heard this, they were suddenly blank, their faces turned pale, and they didn't say a word, and they were immediately divided into two groups by the six guards. Wu and Chang were held down by two guards, and one guard opened fire, resulting in his life, and the corpse was displayed in the Tiger Hall that night.
Zhang Xueliang then instructed the aftermath to be dealt with, and instructed Hu Ruoyu, the representative in Tianjin, by long-distance telephone call overnight, asking him to immediately report to Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing the reasons and circumstances for the execution of Yang and Chang; On the one hand, it is written in words in the form of a military court trial, and the crime is. "Hindering reunification, impeding the new deal", the prosecutor was signed by me. I worked all night and stayed up all night. Thinking that the morning was still unclear, Zhang summoned Zhang Zuoxiang, Zhai Wenxuan, Wang Shuhan, Zang Shiyi, Zheng Qian, Sun Chuanfang and other members of the Northeast Security Committee into the mansion to announce the incident. When these people heard this, they were shocked and looked at each other. At the same time, Zhang also instructed Zheng Qian to draft a telegram in another room, officially report to Nanjing, and announce it to all counties and cities in Northeast China. Zheng Qian is Yang Yuting's confidant, and when he picked up the pen, he just shook his head and groaned, and he couldn't write a word.
After a few moments, he dropped the pen and got up to leave. I sternly warned him: "From now on, no one can leave without my orders." He had to sit down again, but he did not move, but he did not start writing, and finally Liu Mingjiu wrote and prepared the draft of the telegram. At this time, the bodies of Yang and Chang were carried out of the Tiger Hall wrapped in carpets, and the coffins were sent to the Nanguan Fengyutai Jiang Temple (the temple that Yang Yuting chose to commemorate Jiang Deng) by car, and they were allowed to pay tribute to their relatives and friends. After the news came out that Yang and Chang were often killed, the whole city of Shenyang was shaken, but in an instant, people's hearts became stable. Only after Sun Chuanfang left Zhangfu on the morning of the 8th, he immediately went to the concession station to sneak to Dalian.
When Yang and Chang entered Zhang's mansion for the second time after dinner, until about two o'clock in the morning, the Yang family still did not see Yang returning, but asked the warlock Zhang Shenxian to use a spell to listen to Yang's behavior. After Zhang Shenxian made the law, he told Yang's family that he had sent the heavenly soldiers and generals to see it, and Yang was playing mahjong in the Dashuai Mansion and might have to stay up all night. The Yang family was convinced and went to bed safely, until the next day, the corpse of the corpse in Nanguan Jiang Temple, and the truth was revealed. This is the origin of the later rumors that Zhang Xueliang executed Yang and Chang by inviting Yang and Chang into the mansion to play mahjong.
The following is an incidental talk about Yang Yuting's character and the roots of the formation of his ambitions.
After Yang Yuting returned to China after graduating from the Japanese non-commissioned officer school, he first worked as an adjutant in the Mukden Arsenal. Because he was a classmate with my brother, he often came to my house in his spare time to gossip, and his ambitions and ambitions were sometimes revealed between his words. He was always studying the methods of dealing with Zhang Zuolin and the means of drilling into the camp. Because he touched Zhang Zuolin's character, he gradually won Zhang Zuolin's appreciation, relying on him as his right and left hand, and his trust is unfailing. He believes that in addition to Zhang Zuolin, he should be the leader in the Northeast system. For example, in 1926, after Zhang Zuolin was inaugurated as generalissimo in Beijing, Yang Zeng instigated Fan Langqing, speaker of the Fengtian Provincial Assembly, to form a petition group with some provincial legislators to go to Beijing to meet Zhang Zuolin, suggesting that Yang Yuting should be announced to be in charge of the northeast in order to consolidate the fundamentals. But this suggestion was finally rejected by Zhang Zuolin. Fan Langqing and others went to Zhang Xueliang in Baoding, in an attempt to push Zhang Xueliang to rise up and sponsor. Zhang Xueliang was also unmoved. At that time, I was the chief of the drama officer of the 3rd and 4th Fronts, and I was assigned to entertain these people. In the conversation with Fan and others, I said that the northeast territory is the foundation of Zhang Zuolin, and if it is necessary to appoint a senior officer, of course, the first thing to consider is the young marshal Zhang Xueliang, and secondly, it may consider his loyal partner Zhang Zuoxiang and others. When these people heard this, they also thought that it was true, and revealed that they were not doing it
It was active, and the implication was that they were entrusted by Yang Yuting.
As mentioned earlier, Yang Yuting tried every possible way to extend his power to the army, but he never succeeded. In 1926, when he succeeded him as commander of the Third and Fourth Fronts, he thought that this would be an opportunity. However, Zhang Xueliang took special solemn care of me, and did not send any documents and telegrams on personnel appointments, dismissals, and transfers to Yang for approval, so as not to indiscriminately install people. In this way, Yang's attempt could not succeed. After the northeastern forces retreated to Guanwai, he turned to the senior officers who were in charge of leading the troops. At one time, there was a Brigade Commander Dong (I forgot his name) who wanted to buy a private house and borrowed money everywhere. Yang Yuting learned the news and took the initiative to give him a private property. Later, when Zhang Xueliang heard about this, he immediately dismissed Brigade Commander Dong from his post. However, this did not make Yang Yufei vigilant, and his methods of harassment in many ways were not reined in, he was still bent on going his own way, arrogant and arrogant, and was finally killed.
Yang Yuting is so arrogant, and it has something to do with the grace of the Jianghu Warlocks. When he was in his prime, he found a stone statue while building the ancestral tomb in his hometown. His four warlocks told him in unison that this was a sign of the "Ninety-Five". The reason why he was so ambitious is that it is clear that this superstitious thinking has played a role. (The content is from 15 volumes of Liaoning literary and historical materials)