It is not easy for ordinary people to live, they are burdened with a lot of debts, and the pressure is huge.
There is a need for business operation, and debt is inevitable.
Everyone has no money, and they can't save money even if they are in debt.
Why are people and businesses in debt, and where does the money go?
The common people have too many debts
Now the domestic economic situation is good or not, everyone has different feelings, some people may make money and feel good, there may be people who have not improved, and some people have been losing money, the economy is not optimistic for them.
Personally, I just feel that prices are rising, the cost of living is rising, but wages are not rising much, and some post-80s and 90s generations have been saddled with mortgages and car loans, facing greater pressure.
As of 2021, the total liabilities of the people have reached 12,179,191,700 yuan, an increase of 87.99% over 2020, and the asset-liability ratio has reached 71.82%.
This is only the data of 2021, and the debt ratio is still maintaining an upward trend, and by 2022, the mainland's overall debt will be 650 trillion yuan, while the GDP will only be 120 trillion yuan.
So how did we get so much debt? Before we do that, let's take a little bit of economic trivia, which is interesting.
If our economy is in a good state and people have confidence in the future economy, then managers will find ways to increase leverage to increase economic gains and increase production, and we are talking about debt as leverage.
To put it simply, for example, if you buy a house of 1 million, if you don't buy it in full, pay a deposit of 100,000 yuan first, then the house of 1 million yuan is already yours, and you only need to make up the rest of the money.
If you find that the house has risen to 2 million after a few months and resells it, it will be a net profit of 1.9 million with 100,000, and this process can be regarded as leverage.
For example, if you speculate in stocks, you only have a principal of 10,000, and you can borrow 90,000 and speculate on 100,000 stocks together, if you make a profit, you can still make a net profit by paying back the principal and interest, and if you lose money, you have to bear the consequences of borrowing money and losing money from stock trading, which is 10 times the leverage.
Leverage amplifies the uncertainty of the market, originally to expand economic benefits, but invisibly increases a lot of risks, after all, no one dares to 100% to ensure that the economy has been stable, once there is volatility, leverage is the debt of the people, the debt that is imposed by others.
Why do ordinary people go into debt?
Let's talk about something practical, because of speculation, there are people who continue to leverage real estate, domestic housing prices, especially in popular cities, are getting higher and higher, and now many people are asking for RVs to get married, and the high price is scary, what should I do?
The easiest way to borrow money is to borrow money, find a bank loan, take a mortgage and car loan, and then use decades of work to pay off the sky-high debt, tie yourself tightly, and some people don't care about houses and cars, but they care about their quality of life.
Most young people do not have a high salary, but the cost of living is high, and they are reluctant to ask their families for money to gnaw at the old, so they can only think of other ways, such as borrowing money, borrowing money through credit cards, Huabei, Baitiao, etc., and spending ahead of time.
In the past, borrowing money required a variety of guarantees, but now various types of online loans are everywhere, as well as the most common mobile phone applications, all of which have added the function of borrowing money, and want users to borrow money.
If you want to buy something but don't have the money, then borrow it, and you only need to click on your mobile phone to get it, only to realize that you already owe a lot of money.
Why do those manufacturers want you to borrow money? For example, Baidu and Video Network still want you to borrow even though it doesn't matter?
Without him, because it is too profitable, the manufacturer lends you other people's money, they don't actually have any investment, you have to repay the interest, to put it bluntly, it is a white wolf in an empty glove, money makes money, and there are two major prerequisites for doing so.
After all, it is now the information age, many people dare not be old men, and they are on the credit blacklist, and they can't get on the railroad plane, can't get loans, and can't enter enterprises and institutions, which is tantamount to a stain for a lifetime.
The other is the huge number of users, after all, if there are more users, you can use this person's money to lend to another, and the more well-known, the more you earn.
For us ordinary people, the simplest truth is that if the investment is earned, it is worth it.
Why are businesses in debt?
There are two aspects of corporate liabilities, one is current liabilities, which refers to the money that should be repaid in a cycle of one year or more than one year, including temporary loans, loans, bills, wages, taxes, etc., and the other is long-term liabilities, including long-term loans, bonds, etc.
For corporate debt, the balance between profitability and debt repayment is key.
Not only the people are in debt, but most enterprises are also in debt, and there are not many enterprises that can achieve debt-free every year, and the most serious debt merchant is the real estate industry.
If there is no debt, there is no pressure on the operation of the enterprise, and it can operate slowly with peace of mind, but the development speed will be slow, and the financial leverage is not reasonably used.
The real estate industry has a large investment in the early stage, the land needs money, and it takes a lot of money to buy the land from the manager, and then there is a lot of investment in construction materials, labor costs, publicity costs, etc.
Most of the people take loans to buy, and it takes time for the funds to be recovered, and it is impossible for enterprises to wait for the buyers to pay off the loans before starting the next batch of projects, and they still need to continue to borrow money to buy land and build.
When the scale of real estate enterprises expands to a certain extent, they can enjoy the lowest loan cost in the bank, get more land resources, slowly snowball, and the leverage is getting higher and higher, and various operations add up to high debt.
Now that the pre-sale system is open, developers are taking the money from ordinary people to buy houses to build houses, and most importantly, when they reach a certain scale, it is not just a transaction, it has become a financial problem.
For example, a real estate company mortgages a real estate project with a price of 500 million yuan to the bank, lends 500 million, and then uses the 500 million to open a new project, and uses the new project to mortgage the bank to lend 1 billion.
Even with ultra-high debt, real estate companies can still make money, and most people understand the details in their hearts.
There is also a kind of enterprise debt because of the problem of entrepreneurship, the policy dividend is clean, the market is saturated, and it is difficult to find a job to start a business, but it is not so easy to start a business, and if it fails, the cost cannot be recovered, that is, debt.
After all, most of the enterprises without debt are small enterprises or just starting a business, and the general corporate debt ratio will remain at about 60%, which is relatively reasonable, and the enterprise has the ability to resist risks and can also play a leverage effect.
What is the debt of urban investment enterprises?
Urban investment enterprises can be simply understood as enterprises participating in part of the urban construction investment, covering a wide range of investment, including water supply, power supply, gas supply, heat supply and other infrastructure investment.
In terms of transportation, it is difficult to avoid railways, highways, docks, airports, etc., because many projects are operated at a loss, and it is inevitable that urban investment enterprises maintain ultra-high debt.
After all, the subway and high-speed rail, as well as the highway belong to the people's livelihood facilities, the construction cost is huge, according to the current charging price to want to return to the cost of the distant future, the purpose of the construction is not to make a profit, but to stimulate the economy along the line, from this point of view the debt of urban investment enterprises is acceptable.
In addition to allocating funds, the funds for local infrastructure construction are issued bonds, and urban investment enterprises issue bonds through trusts and bondholders, but it is still difficult to make a profit, and the snowball of debt will get bigger and bigger.
summary
The current situation is that the people have been in debt, even if many post-00s no longer want to be house slaves and car slaves, but the phenomenon of debt is not so easy to improve.
Enterprises need to be in debt, and after making profits, they have to invest in production and operation, and real estate companies maintain ultra-high debts but can still make a lot of profits, but the money does not flow into the market, and does not drive consumption and economic development.
Wealth doesn't come into being in a vacuum, it doesn't disappear in a vacuum, it just transfers, and the same goes for debt.
Debt is not terrible, what is terrible is debt that does not bring income, and what is even more terrible is that there are very, very many people in this society, even if they are carrying heavy debts, they can't recognize debt correctly.
Sources of information:
Huajing Intelligence Network https://www.huaon.com/
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