A collection of the basic concepts of chemistry in the high school entrance examination

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Whether the following statements are true:

(1) The combustion of red phosphorus produces a large amount of smoke.

(×) (White Smoke)

(2) Oxygen is flammable and is used as a fuel.

(×) (flammability, used as an accelerant)

(3) Oxygen accounts for about 21% of air quality.

(×) (Volume fraction)

(4) Noble gases are inactive in nature and do not react with any substance.

(×) (Difficult to react)

(5) Air pollutant CO2 is the main cause of the intensification of greenhouse effect.

(×) (CO2 is not included as an air pollutant)

(6) The phenomenon of iron wire burning in oxygen is: sparks shoot out and generate ferric tetroxide.

(×) (Phenomena cannot directly describe the name of a substance!)

(7) Reducing the ignition point of the substance is one of the methods to extinguish the fire.

(×) (The ignition point is intrinsic to the substance and cannot be reduced)

(8) Remove a small amount of CO in CO2 and may be removed by combustion.

(×) (No!Difficult to operate, difficult to separate)

(9) If there is a fire in the room, open the doors and windows for ventilation.

(×) (will provide a large amount of oxygen, burn more)

(10) Household appliances catch fire and spray water to extinguish them.

(×) (No, electric shock may occur)

(11) Molecules are divisible, but atoms are indivisible.

(×) (to be explained in chemical changes)

(12) A class of particles with the same number of protons is the same element.

(×) (Common particles include molecules, atoms, ions, etc., such as: H2O and Ne have a proton number of 10, but they are not the same kind of element, and the definition of an element is a general term for a class of atoms with the same number of protons)

(13) Charged particles must be ions.

(×) (Charged particles have ions, electrons, protons)

(14) When the water freezes, the water molecules stop moving.

(×) (Molecules are constantly moving irregularly)

(15) FeO contains iron ions.

(×) (+2-valent ferrous ions)

(16) A substance composed of the same element must be elemental.

(×) (may be elemental or mixture, e.g. O2 and O3 are mixtures)

(17) Filtration can convert hard water into soft water

(×) (filtration can only remove insoluble impurities, and boiling is used to soften the water in life)

(18) A substance whose mass does not change before and after the reaction must be a catalyst.

(×) (and substances that may not be involved in the reaction)

(19) The drugs used to produce CO2 are CaCO3 and HCl

(×) (Note that the chemical formula cannot be filled in, because the mixture cannot be expressed by chemical formula, it should be marble and dilute hydrochloric acid)

(20) Diamond, graphite, and C60 are all made of carbon atoms

(×) (because C60 is made of C60 molecules)

(21) The conversion of graphite into diamond is a physical change

(×) (because graphite becomes diamond, new substances are generated)

(22) The fan fan candle is extinguished as soon as it is fanned because the ignition point of the paraffin wax is reduced.

(×) (Takes the heat away and the temperature is below the ignition point)

(23) Hydrogen is mixed with oxygen, and an explosion will inevitably occur when encountering an open flame.

(×) (H2, CO, CH4 and other flammable gases mixed with oxygen or air, when exposed to open flames, reach the explosion limit, will explode)

(24) If there is a gas leak in the room, turn on the lights immediately to check it, and open the windows for ventilation.

(×) (can't turn on the light, there is a spark, the switch should be turned off, the window should be opened)

(25) Pure iron is harder and has a higher melting point than pig iron.

(×) (Pig iron is an alloy with a harder alloy than pure metal)

(26) The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and neutrons, so all nuclei must contain protons and neutrons

(×) (Neutron-free for ordinary hydrogen atoms)

(27) Hydrochloric acid can react with massive limestone to produce CO2, and dilute sulfuric acid can also react with massive limestone to produce CO2.

(×) (The calcium sulfate generated by the reaction is slightly soluble in water, which will cover the surface of the marble and hinder the progress of the reaction)

(28) Put iron powder and zinc particles of the same quality into hydrochloric acid of the same volume and concentration to compare the reaction speed and slowness.

(×) (surface area is not the same)

(29) If a burning wooden stick is put into a bottle of gas, and the wooden stick is extinguished, the gas must be CO2.

(×) (probably N2)

(30) A reaction with salt and water must be a neutralization reaction.

(×) (For example, the reaction of metal oxides with acids, non-metal oxides and alkalis all produce salts and water, but do not belong to neutralization reactions.) ）

(31) Salts and alkalis must contain metallic elements.

(×) (Cations in salts and bases can also be ammonium, such as NH4Cl, NH3· H2O）

(32) Inorganic salts, proteins, and water are all nutrients that can provide energy.

(×) (Nutrients that provide energy include sugars, fats, and proteins)

(33) The solution that turns litmus red must be an acid solution.

(×) (acidic, but not necessarily acidic)

(34) CO in CO2 is removed by ignition

(×) (should pass through scorching copper oxide)

(35) H2O2 is composed of hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules

(×) (composed of hydrogen peroxide molecules)

(36) The most abundant element in the human body is calcium.

(×) (The most abundant element in the human body is O, and the most abundant metallic element is Ca)

(37) Ignition of flammable gases will inevitably cause an explosion.

(×) (combustible gas mixed with oxygen or air may explode in case of open flame)

(38) When weighing sodium hydroxide solids with a tray balance, it can be weighed on paper.

(×) (Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali with strong hygroscopicity, and needs to be weighed in glassware, such as a small beaker or surface dish)

(39) Stick the spark into the gas collection cylinder, if the stick is extinguished, the carbon dioxide is full.

(×) (Burnt wooden strips should be placed at the mouth of the gas collection cylinder)

(40) Atoms are not electrically charged, so there must be no charged particles in the atoms.

(×) (Atoms have positively charged protons and negatively charged extranuclear electrons)

(41) Lack of vitamin A in the human body will cause night blindness, and lack of vitamin C will cause scurvy.

(√)

(42) Pollution caused by white substances is called white pollution.

(×) (White pollution refers to pollution caused by waste plastics)

(43) The catalyst will definitely accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.

(×) (Catalysts can change the reaction rate, some to speed up, some to slow down)

(44) When the oil pan catches fire, immediately douse it with water.

(×) (should be extinguished with a lid)

(45) Enter the abandoned biogas digester and conduct a light test first.

(×) (Biogas is a flammable gas, and it may cause an explosion if you do a light test)

(46) Mixed with NaOH solution and HCl solution with equal mass fraction, PH=7.

(×) (hydrochloric acid is left, the solution is acidic)

(47) The carbon content in pig iron is 2%~4.3%.

(√) (Pig iron and steel are both ferroalloys, and the carbon content of steel is 0.03%~2%)

(48) When measuring liquid, looking up at the reading results in a small actual volume.

(×) （仰视实际体积偏大）

(49) FRP, carbon ceramics, asbestos nets, and reinforced concrete are all composite materials.

(√)

(50) After the end of the reaction, the mass fraction of the catalyst must remain unchanged.

(×) (the quality must not change, the mass fraction may change)

(51) When preparing the solution with solid medicine, if the water in the graduated cylinder is not poured clean, it will lead to a large solute mass fraction.

(×) (No Impact)

(52) Vitamins are beneficial to the human body and can be ingested in large quantities.

(×)

(53) Soda ash belongs to salt, and caustic soda belongs to alkali.

(√) (soda ash is sodium carbonate, caustic soda is sodium hydroxide)

(54) Steel, duralumin, and brass are all alloys.

(√)

(55) Oxygen and iron powder are both made up of molecules.

(×) (Iron powder is made of atoms)

(56) Cotton, wool, and plastic are all natural materials.

(×) (Plastics are synthetic)

(57) Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer cannot be mixed with plant ash.

(√) (will react to form ammonia gas, reducing fertilizer efficiency)

(58) The most abundant element in the earth's crust is silicon.

(×)(地壳中元素含量前五位:O Si Al Fe Ca)

(59) Iron, selenium, and calcium are all essential trace elements for the human body.

(×) (Calcium is an essential macroelement)

(60) Iron products rust faster in coastal areas than in desert areas.

(√) (Iron rusts more easily in humid air)

(61) The phenomenon of magnesium strips burning in the air is violent combustion to form magnesium oxide.

(×) (Describes the phenomenon and cannot appear in the name of the product)

(62) The mass of copper powder heating in the air increases, and the law of conservation of mass is not observed.

(×) (Compliance.) Increased the mass of oxygen involved in the reaction)

(63) Oxides must contain oxygen elements, so compounds containing oxygen elements must be oxides.

(×) (Oxide refers to a compound composed of two elements, one of which is oxygen, e.g. KClO3 contains oxygen, but not oxide)

(64) Clear and transparent water can be used as drinking water directly.

(×) (Clear and transparent water may contain soluble impurities and microorganisms that are harmful to humans)

(65) Identification of ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride solids with water.

(√) (Ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water to absorb heat and the temperature decreases.) Sodium chloride dissolves in water, and the temperature change is not obvious)

(66) Soft water must be pure, and hard water must be a mixture.

(×) (Soft water is water that contains less or no soluble calcium-magnesium compounds, which may be a mixture.) Hard water is water that contains more soluble calcium-magnesium compounds, which must be a mixture)

(67) The higher the air quality index, the better the air quality.

(×) (The higher the AQI, the worse the air quality)

(68) Atoms can form molecules, so atoms must be smaller than molecules.

(×) (not comparable)

(69) Fruits are rich in vitamins, and milk is rich in protein.

(√) (Vegetables and fruits mainly contain vitamins, milk, eggs, and meat mainly contain protein.)

(70) Both iodine deficiency and iodine excess can cause goiter.

(√)

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