I believe you must have heard such a joke: because the Jade Emperor's surname is Zhang, called Zhang Bairen, so when dealing with other surnames, the surname Zhang must not say "free of noble surname Zhang", in fact, no matter how expensive other people's families are, can they be more expensive than the Jade Emperor?
Is that really what it looks like?
As one of the most widely distributed surnames in the mainland, with 96 million people, how did the surname Zhang develop?
The origin of the surname Zhang is very early, and legend has it that the fifth son of Shao Hao, the eldest son of the Yellow Emperor, is waving.
Generally, when people with the surname Zhang introduce their surname, they like to emphasize that it is "Gong Chang Zhang".
The origin of this type of introduction may be much earlier than everyone thinks.
Because there is also a surname "Lizao" in the mainland, although the population of the surname Zhang is not as large as the surname Zhang, but it is almost as ancient, the pronunciation of these two surnames is exactly the same, in order to distinguish, it can only be explained by the word splitting method.
Legend has it that the ancestor of the surname Zhang invented the bow and arrow, made meritorious service when the Yellow Emperor conquered Chiyou, was sealed in Qinghe, and was given the surname Zhang.
It is also said that the surname Zhang, like Sima and Situ, may be a surname developed by a career.
Because "Zhang" is very ancient, its glyph is a bow on the left, and a person on the right is doing a stretch or stretch. This means that the word is likely to refer to the person in the tribe who is in charge of the calibration of the bow or the person who is in charge of the bow and arrow.
Another ancestor surnamed Zhang is a person who everyone should know what he did, but few people remember his name.
It is said that during the Spring and Autumn Period, the prince of the Jin Kingdom was heavy, because of the chaotic domestic situation, he had to go into exile with a few retainers who were loyal to him, and suffered from turbulence.
One day, after a long journey, Chong'er was dizzy with hunger, and he had not beaten his teeth for a long time, and weakly muttered in his mouth: Meat... Meaty... I'm going to eat meat......
At that time, the team had already run out of food, and everyone had no beans to chew, where did the meat come from for Chong'er to eat?
However, what everyone didn't expect was that after chattering for a while, Jie Zitui, the retainer he was with him, actually brought him a pot of boiled meat.
The hungry heavy ear didn't have time to think about it, so he devoured the meat in the basin, and after eating, he remembered to ask where the meat came from.
Jie Zitui didn't speak, but the blood flowing from his ass betrayed him.
It turned out that in order to prevent Chong'er from starving, Jie Zitui cut off a piece of meat from his buttocks and boiled it with wild vegetables for Chong'er to eat. At that time, Chong'er was very moved, and said that I will be developed in the future, and I must repay Jie Zitui for my friendship today!
Later, Chong'er lived in exile for 19 years, and finally returned to the Jin Kingdom to take the throne. After taking power, Chong'er rewarded the wandering retainers who followed him, but forgot Jie Zitui.
Jie Zitui didn't care about this, he thought that Chong'er's return to China and his ascension to the throne was the destiny of heaven, and he and the retainers couldn't talk about any merits, so he returned to his hometown to serve his old mother.
Jie Zitui didn't care about this, but his neighbor Xie Zhang was very upset about him, and wrote a song and posted it on the city gate of the Jin Kingdom.
The song says: There is a dragon flying all over the sky, and five snakes follow each other; when the dragon returns to its place, four snakes are fat, and one snake becomes a poor ghost.
After listening to this song, he immediately thought that someone was satirizing himself for not rewarding Jie Zitui, so he hurriedly sent someone to ask Jie Zitui to meet.
Unexpectedly, Jie Zitui also had a temper, not only was he unwilling to go to see Jin Wengong, but he also hid in the deep mountains and old forests with his old mother on his back.
Jin Wengong thought that his sincerity was not enough, so he personally took people to the mountains to find the mother and son, but he couldn't find their mother and son after shouting for a long time.
At this time, someone gave Jin Wengong an idea, saying that Jie Zitui was a filial son, and if he didn't come out, let's burn the mountain!
Jin Wengong was anxious to see Jie Zitui, so he approved this suggestion. As a result, the fire burned for three days and three nights, and the mother and son still did not come out.
When Jin Wengong sent people to search the mountain, he found that Jie Zitui and the old mother were hiding in a small cave, and the mother and son were killed by fire while holding each other.
In order to commemorate Jie Zitui, the regretful Duke of Jin Wen ordered that no fires should be lit during the three days when the local fires burned every year, which is the origin of the "Cold Food Festival".
Speaking of this, some people must ask: Didn't you talk about the origin of the surname Zhang? Why did it come to the Cold Food Festival again?
In this story, most people have little impression, but Xie Zhang, who is an important promoter of the whole incident, is another ancestor surnamed Zhang.
After Jie Zitui was burned to death, Duke Wen of Jin rewarded Zhang for his grievances out of guilt, and his descendants took the word as their surname, which is another origin of the Zhang family.
The surname Zhang in this vein has been working as a scholar in the Jin Kingdom.
When the three kingdoms of Zhao, Wei and Han were divided into Jin, the Zhang family had developed very considerably in the Jin Kingdom, and there were people from the Zhang family among the scholars and doctors of the Zhao, Wei and Han kingdoms.
Among the more famous ones are Zhang Yi of Wei and Zhang of South Korea.
Zhang Yihe should be no stranger to everyone, and the Korean Zhang family assisted Han Zhaohou, Han Xuanhui Wang, and Han Xiang Wang three generations of kings, and his son Zhang Ping assisted Han Jiao Wang and Han Huanhui Wang for two generations.
And Zhang Ping has a son, Zhang Liang, who later assisted Liu Bang in founding the Han Dynasty.
Speaking of which, everyone should be able to understand why Zhang Liang threw iron lumps at Qin Shi Huang in Bolangsha after Korea was destroyed by Qin, right? Qin destroyed Han, in fact, half of his family was destroyed, can he not hate?
In addition to knowing Zhang, there is another figure that everyone is familiar with, we know that he is not surnamed Zhang, but in fact, at least his descendants are surnamed Zhang.
This person is the famous Qin Xiangguo and Ying Fan Sui during the Warring States Period.
Fan Sui was originally from Wei, but because he offended the powerful minister Wei Qi, he was almost beaten to death, and was even thrown into the toilet and urinated on him.
Fan Sui, who escaped death after suffering from the ordeal, did not dare to stay in Wei after recovering from his injuries, and went to Qin under the pseudonym Zhang Lu.
After arriving in the Qin State, Fan Sui has always been active with Zhang Lu's "vest", even if he was deeply favored by King Zhaoxiang of Qin and became the prime minister of the Qin State, the people at that time also called him "Zhang Jun".
Although the history books record that his original name was Fan Sui, after he entered the Qin Dynasty, he never publicly changed his name back, and he has always been called "Zhang Lu", and his descendants should naturally be surnamed Zhang.
The reason why Fan Sui didn't change his name back is probably related to the fact that his name was not as important as it is now.
For example, when Shang Ying was in Weiguo, he was called Gongsun Marting, and when he arrived in Wei State, he was called Wei Marting, and later he was mixed and developed in Qin State, and he began to be called Shang Yang when he was awarded the land of Shang Yu.
After Fan Sui developed in the Qin State, ordinary people could only call him "Xiangguo" or "Yinghou", and his name was not important. Besides, Fan Sui's miserable experience in the Wei State was too detrimental to his personality, and Fan Sui shouldn't want to make it known to everyone.
During the period from the Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, the most famous surname Zhang was undoubtedly Zhang Liang. Zhang Liang did have an important impact on the later development of the surname Zhang.
Han Gaozu Liu Bang for various reasons, after ascending the throne of the emperor, began to purge the heroes, followed him to fight the world many of the ministers have no good end, but Zhang Liang is a smart man, he took the initiative to withdraw from the power center of the Han Dynasty very early, in order to show that he has no dissent and dissatisfaction, he took the initiative to study the "Huang Lao's technique".
Attention! Here's the first point!
The so-called "Huang Lao's art" is the ideological writings of the Yellow Emperor and Lao Tzu, and everyone is more familiar with the "Yellow Emperor's Neijing" and "Tao Te Ching".
These two are representatives of Taoist thought, the main focus is to be quiet and inactive and conform to nature, and the next step is the alchemy to obey the day and rise.
Zhang Liang was the most popular strategist in the early Han Dynasty, studied these things every day, successfully escaped the power dumping in the early Han Dynasty, and died a good death, setting a good example for future generations of strategists.
It is unknown how old Zhang Liang was when he died, but soon after his death, there was a story of his cultivation to become an immortal, and the "Huang Laozhi Theory" was prevalent in the early Han Dynasty, and he was also one of the important promoters.
The early period of the Western Han Dynasty was one of the most active eras of Taoist thought, and it was also the period when the "Mandate of Heaven" was most prevalent. The combination of these two things goes one step further, and the formation of a religion takes place.
But unfortunately, this kick has been blank for hundreds of years, and no one has kicked it up. It was not until the Eastern Han Dynasty that Zhang Daoling, known as the eighth grandson of Zhang Liang, combined alchemy convincing qi with the unpredictable destiny of heaven to create Taoism.
Legend has it that Zhang Daoling was gifted when he was a teenager, and he was once a student, but he had no intention of officialdom and only wanted to cultivate the true Tao and seek immortality.
Zhang Daoling's way of attaining the Tao is alchemy, according to legend, he built an altar in Longhu Mountain for three years before he succeeded, and on the day of Dancheng, the dragon and tiger all ran out to worship, so the mountain was renamed Longhu Mountain.
This is a very important point; the elixir that Qin Shi Huang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty could not ask for, was refined by Zhang Daoling, and he became the patriarch of Taoism.
After attaining enlightenment, Zhang Daoling was active in Sichuan, preaching through the use of water to cure diseases. Because to enter his sect, you must first hand over five buckets of rice, so it is also called five buckets of rice, and there is another name, which will not be mentioned here.
Since Zhang Daoling's generation, the Wudou Rice Sect has spread in the Shuzhong area and has a great influence among the people.
At about the same time as Zhang Daoling, Zhang Jiao, a native of Julu, Hebei, founded Taiping Dao, calling himself a "great sage and good teacher", setting off the famous "Yellow Turban Uprising".
Although the Yellow Turban Rebellion failed in the end for various reasons, the Taiping Dao founded by Zhang Jiao did not disappear as a folk belief in the mainland.
Let's talk about a place name that everyone should have heard: Sanguan Temple.
In the rural areas of the north, there are villages and towns called Sanguan Temples in many places, although most of those places do not have temples at all. This Sanguan Temple was the first three officials in the Taiping Road: heavenly officials, earth officials, and human officials.
There are different opinions on which of these three officials are, and believers in some areas in the north believe that the heavenly official is Zhang Jiao, the local official is Zhang Lu, and the human official is Zhang Xiu.
What is the relationship between these three people who are surnamed Zhang?
After Wudoumi taught Zhang Daoling Immortal, the right to teach was passed on to his son Zhang Heng, but there are not many records of Zhang Heng in the official history, and it is speculated that he may be low-key or his life will not be eternal.
During Zhang Heng's absence, there was a man named Zhang Xiu who held the power of the Wudoumi Sect, and he responded to Zhang Jiao's call to raise troops in Ba County.
Later, when Liu Yan went to Yizhou to quell the Yellow Turban Uprising, he should have recruited Zhang Xiu, anyway, he later became Liu Yan's other Sima.
At this time, Zhang Heng's wife was good at health preservation and beautiful in appearance, and she used the art of ghosts and gods to gain Liu Yan's trust, and his son Zhang Lu was also trusted by Liu Yan and was appointed as the governor of Sima.
Later, Liu Yan ordered Zhang Xiu and Zhang Lu to attack Hanzhong Taishou Sugu.
Zhang Lu and Zhang Xiu were overwhelming, and Su Gu didn't have much talent, so it didn't take much effort for Hanzhong to be captured by Zhang Xiu and Zhang Lu.
But soon after capturing Hanzhong, Zhang Lu suddenly led his troops to attack and kill Zhang Xiu and annex his soldiers and horses.
It is generally believed that Zhang Lu did this in order to regain the authority of the Wudoumi Sect.
After Liu Yan's death, his son Liu Zhang ruled Yizhou, and Zhang Lu did not look down on Liu Zhang, so he began to disobey his orders in Hanzhong.
Liu Zhang killed Zhang Lu's mother and family in a fit of rage, and Zhang Lu officially turned against Liu Zhang, establishing an independent force of theocracy in the Hanzhong region, and Liu Zhang sent troops to attack him several times.
Zhang Lu has been in the Hanzhong area for nearly 30 years, and his religious ideas have also taken root in the local area.
Later, Cao Cao cleaned up Ma Chao, Han Sui and others, and prepared to crusade against Zhang Lu when he had his hands free.
But Zhang Lu is very knowledgeable about current affairs, and Cao Cao knew that he couldn't beat him before he called, and he had already prepared to surrender.
After Zhang Lu surrendered, Cao Cao did not treat him badly, named him Langzhonghou, ate ten thousand households, and let his son marry his daughter Zhang Qiying.
Zhang Daoling, Zhang Heng, and Zhang Lu are the first three generations of Heavenly Master Dao, after Zhang Lu surrendered to Cao Cao, Heavenly Master Tao began to spread among the aristocratic groups, and the development of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties became stronger and stronger.
After the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" in the Jin Dynasty, five horses crossed the river to establish the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Taoism at that time was also divided into two factions, the north and the south.
The Taoist priest Kou Qianzhi of the Northern Wei Dynasty reformed and established the Northern Heavenly Master Dao, and the Taoist priest Lu Xiujing of the Eastern Jin Dynasty also reformed and rectified the Southern Heavenly Master Dao. At this time, although the world was still in turmoil, the foundation of Taoism had been consolidated and it had become a relatively mature religion.
Presumably everyone can also see it - why is the founder of the Northern and Southern Heavenly Master Dao not surnamed Zhang?
During this period, Zhang Lu's descendants were relatively low-key, and there were relatively few records in the official history.
It was not until the Song and Yuan dynasties that Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty and Emperor Yuan Shun successively canonized Zhang Tianshi of Longhu Mountain, and the glory of Zhang Tianshi's lineage gradually recovered.
The surname of the Jade Emperor in later generations is Zhang, and the earliest source should not be earlier than this period.
Because the supreme god within Taoism has never been the Jade Emperor, but the patriarch of the three Qing Patriarchs, namely Yuan Shi Tianzun, Lingbao Tianzun, and Daode Tianzun.
In some Taoist legends, the Jade Emperor was even just a boy under the throne of Yuan Shi Tianzun, and was later assigned by Yuan Shi Tianzun to take charge of the Three Realms and rule over the gods.
The Jade Emperor in folklore was first recognized by the imperial court during the Song Dynasty Huizong, who merged the Taoist Haotian God with the Jade Emperor of folk belief and unified the supreme god.
Within most Taoism, the status of the Sanqing patriarch is still above the Jade Emperor, and he is still the supreme god of Taoism.
Moreover, the high-ranking gods of early Taoism generally did not call names, such as the three Qings, the three officials, and the four emperors, and the official position was the name, and the reason for this was probably related to the etiquette of the nobles at that time who called the official position and did not call the name.
Therefore, the Jade Emperor should not have a name recorded in orthodox Taoism.
The so-called Jade Emperor's surname is Zhang, and his name is Zhang Jian, Zhang Bairen, Zhang Youren, etc., all of which are from folk tales, and there is no clear classic record.
There are two possible reasons why there are these stories of the Jade Emperor's surname Zhang: one is that the surname Zhang has been a big surname since ancient times, but there has never been an emperor, so some people make up the Jade Emperor's surname Zhang to support the scene;
Friends surnamed Zhang should still pay attention to the fact that when dealing with people, "it is inevitably expensive", depending on the occasion and level, informal occasions and non-serious objects can be inevitably expensive;