On July 15, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) Food Safety Supervision and Sampling Inspection [2021 No. 29] announced that 1375 batches of samples of 30 major categories of food such as grain processed products, catering foods and edible agricultural products were recently sampled, and 16 batches of samples of 9 major categories of food such as grain processed products and edible agricultural products were found to be unqualified.
The main problems found are microbial pollution, agricultural and veterinary drug residues exceeding the standard, heavy metal pollution, food additives exceeding the scope of over-limit use, quality indicators not meeting standards, and quality indicators not matching the label values.
For the unqualified food found by sampling, the State Administration for Market Regulation has instructed the provincial market supervision departments in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Henan and other provinces to immediately organize verification and disposal, find out the flow of products, and urge enterprises to take measures such as removing and recalling unqualified products from shelves to control risks; strictly deal with violations of laws and regulations in accordance with the law; and promptly disclose the risk prevention and control measures and verification and disposal taken by enterprises to the public and report to the General Administration.
The specific circumstances of sampling unqualified foods are as follows:
First, the problem of microbial pollution
(1) The yogurt fruit grain cereals sold by Taobao.com Convenience Fast Food Boutique (operated by Bingjian Department Store Supermarket in Lanshan District, Linyi City, Shandong Province) on Taobao .com (online store), nominal hebei Qicang Trading Co., Ltd., entrusted by Hebei Cangzhou Huaikang Food Co., Ltd., were found by the Hefei Customs Technical Center to have a total number of colonies that did not meet the requirements of product implementation standards and the number of molds did not meet the requirements of national food safety standards. Hebei Cangzhou Huaikang Food Co., Ltd. raised objections to the authenticity of the product, and after review by the Hebei Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, it found that the necessary evidence materials provided by it were incomplete and could not be completed, so the objections raised were not accepted.
(2) Taobao NetPin Sanjiang Seafood Food (the operator is Jiangbei Zhou Fresh Food Co., Ltd., Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province) sold on Taobao .com (online store), nominally produced by Hemu Duyuansheng Rice Cake Factory in Yuyao City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, where the total number of colonies does not meet the requirements of product implementation standards. The inspection institution is Tianjin Institute of Food Safety Testing Technology.
(3) Taobao Wanghui Na Food (the operator is Hui Na Food Co., Ltd., Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province) sold on Taobao (online store), nominally produced by Fustar Food Co., Ltd. in Yixing City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, without sucrose cheese toast (cheese flavor), of which the total number of colonies does not meet the provisions of the national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Nanjing Municipal Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection.
(4) Taobao Wowo Food City (the operator is Suixian Liangwang Food Co., Ltd., Shangqiu City, Henan Province) sells nut root flour soup nominally produced by Shandong Duomai Food Co., Ltd. on Taobao (online store), of which the number of molds does not meet the provisions of the national standards for food safety. The inspection institution is Hefei Customs Technical Center.
(5) The rapeseed pollen sold by the official flagship store of Tmall Ci Bee Tang (the operator is Heilongjiang Xiaoci Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd.) on Tmall (online store) and nominally produced by Heilongjiang Xiaoci Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., of which the number of molds does not meet the provisions of the national standards for food safety. The inspection institution is Guangdong Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute.
Second, the problem of agricultural and veterinary drug residues exceeding the standard
(1) The black chicken sold by Jianxinda Aquatic Products Sales Store in Tianjin Binhai New Area High-tech Zone and from the Saixing Food Xiaoxi Branch of Shandong Dabao Breeding and Processing Co., Ltd., of which the residual amount of furazolidone metabolites and Enrofloxacin does not meet the provisions of national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Henan Provincial Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute.
(2) Leeks sold by Zhangli Vegetable Wholesale and Distribution Center in Dongsheng District, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, of which the residual amount of phosphorus and putrefaction does not meet the provisions of national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Zhejiang Provincial Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology.
(3) Cowpeas sold by Zhenlong Vegetable and Fruit Store in Jinnan District, Tianjin city, from Pengpeng vegetables in He Zhuangzi Market, Jinnan District, Tianjin, of which the residual amounts of phosphorus and spiterine do not meet the provisions of national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Henan Provincial Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute.
(4) Yipin Fresh Life Supermarket store in Huangpu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, from Afeng, Longguo Market, Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, where the residual amount of propyl bromophos does not meet the provisions of the national standards for food safety. The inspection institution is Shanghai Institute of Quality Supervision and Inspection Technology.
Third, the problem of heavy metal pollution
Inner Mongolia Weilehui Supermarket Co., Ltd. Shiyangqiao South Road Branch sold squid, of which cadmium (in cd) detection value does not meet the provisions of the national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Zhejiang Provincial Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology.
Fourth, the use of food additives beyond the scope and limit
(1) Corn noodles sold by Taobao Bao Egg Mommy Leisure Food Store (the operator is Bao Egg Mommy Leisure Food Store, Changyi District, Jilin City, Jilin Province) on Taobao (online store) and nominally produced by Xianglaoqi Pancake Factory in Jiaohe City, Jilin City, Jilin Province, of which the detection value of dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt (measured in terms of dehydroacetic acid) does not meet the provisions of the national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Tianjin Institute of Food Safety Testing Technology.
(2) Jingdong China Specialties Xuzhou Pavilion (the operator is Xuzhou Huierkang Food Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Province) sold in Jingdong Mall (online store), nominally Jiangsu Xuzhou Huierkang Food Co., Ltd. commissioned by Anhui Province Suzhou City, Haili Canned Food Co., Ltd. production of dyed strawberries, of which the sunset yellow test value does not meet the provisions of the national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Wuhan Food and Cosmetics Inspection Institute.
(3) Licorice noodles sold by Taobao Foodie Cat Snack World (the operator is Huichengkoukoujia Wholesaler In Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province) on Taobao (online store) and nominally produced by Jiahua Fruit Food Factory in Xinxing County, Yunfu City, Guangdong Province, were found by Guangzhou Inspection and Testing Certification Group Co., Ltd. that the carmine test value did not meet the provisions of the national food safety standards. Jiahua Fruit Food Factory, a new town in Xinxing County, Yunfu City, Guangdong Province, disputed the authenticity of the product. After verification, the Guangdong Provincial Market Supervision Bureau recognized the objection raised by it and determined that the actual production enterprise of the batch of unqualified licorice kernel noodle products was the Achievement Fruit Factory in Xinxing County, Yunfu City, Guangdong Province.
(4) Sweet potato noodles sold by Jingdong China Specialties Hongdong Agricultural Specialties Museum (operated by Hongdong Specialty Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Linfen City, Shanxi Province) in Jingdong Mall (online store), nominally manufactured by Chengfeng Potato Industry Co., Ltd. of Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, of which the residual amount of aluminum (dry samples, measured in Al) does not meet the provisions of the national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Chongqing Institute of Metrology and Quality Inspection.
Fifth, the quality indicators do not meet the standards
Zhejiang Ningbo Tesco Life Shopping Co., Ltd. Jiangnan Road store sales, nominal Shanghai Shengying Food Co., Ltd. imported and agent, tumbler hot ramen (fried instant noodles) (country of origin: South Korea), of which the peroxide value (in terms of fat) detection value does not meet the national food safety standards. The inspection agency is Ningbo Customs Technical Center.
Sixth, the quality indicators and the label value does not match the problem
Luohu District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Dingdang Maternal and Infant Products Life Hall sales, nominal Beijing Shida Global Science and Trade Co., Ltd. general agent, Triscom B.V. export, Industriële Diensten Heino B.V. Production of Holly Rui ™ Infant Formula Goat Milk Powder 12-36 months old 3 stages (country of origin: Netherlands), by the Shenzhen Institute of Metrology and Quality Inspection and Inspection found that, Among them, the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acid does not meet the requirements of product labeling. Beijing Shida Global Science and Trade Co., Ltd. objected to the inspection results and applied for re-inspection, and after re-inspection by the Beijing Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Center (Beijing Food Inspection Institute), the preliminary inspection conclusion was maintained.
Some of the sub-knowledge of the unqualified inspection items:
1. The total number of colonies
The total number of colonies is an indicative microbial indicator, not a pathogenic indicator, reflecting the hygienic status of the food in the production process. If the total number of colonies in food is seriously exceeded, it will destroy the nutritional composition of food and make the food lose its edible value; it will also accelerate food spoilage, which may endanger human health. According to the "Ready-to-Eat Dried Nut oatmeal" (Q/CZHK 0005S-2019), the total number of colonies tested for 5 samples of the same batch of product in convenience foods shall not exceed 104 CFU/g, and the test results of up to 2 samples shall exceed 103 CFU/g. "Rice Cake" (SB/T 10507-2008) stipulates that the microbial indicators of water milled rice cake should comply with the provisions of "cooked food" in the "National Standard for Food Safety, Quick-frozen Noodle Rice Products" (GB 19295-2011), that is, the total number of colonies tested in the same batch of 5 samples shall not exceed 100000CFU/g, and the test results of up to 1 sample shall exceed 10000CFU/g. The National Standard for Food Safety In Pastries and Bread (GB 7099-2015) stipulates that the total number of colonies in the same batch of products in pastry food shall not exceed 105 CFU/g, and the test results of up to 2 samples shall exceed 104 CFU/g. The reason for the total number of colonies in convenience foods, handmade glutinous rice blocks and pastries exceeding the standard may be that the enterprise does not strictly control the sanitary conditions of the production and processing process as required, and may also be related to the lax sealing of the product packaging or improper storage and transportation conditions.
2. Mold
Mold is an indicative indicator of the hygienic quality of food. The number of molds in food refers to the number of mold colonies formed in the 1g or 1mL sample after the food sample has been processed and cultured under certain conditions. If the mold in the food is seriously exceeded, it will destroy the nutritional composition of the food, make the food lose its edible value, and may also produce mycotoxins; long-term consumption of food with excessive mold may endanger human health. The National Standard for Food Safety for Blended Grain Products (GB 19640-2016) stipulates that the mold test results of 5 samples of the same batch of products in the blended grain products shall not exceed 102 CFU/g, and the test results of up to 2 samples shall exceed 50 CFU/g. The National Standard for Food Safety Pollen (GB 31636-2016) stipulates that the maximum limit value of mold in pollen is 2×102CFU/g. The reason for the excessive number of molds in grain products and pollen may be that the raw materials or packaging materials are contaminated with mold, or the sanitary conditions of the products in the production and processing process are not controlled in place, and may also be related to the improper storage and transportation conditions of the products.
3. Furazolidone metabolites
Furazolidone is a nitrofuran antibacterial drug with a wide antibacterial spectrum. Nitrofuran prototype drugs are rapidly metabolized in organisms, and their metabolites and proteins are stable after binding, so their metabolites are detected to reflect the residual status of nitrofurans. Long-term consumption of foods with detected furazolidone metabolites may accumulate in the human body, causing nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness and other symptoms. The List of Drugs and Other Compounds Prohibited for Use in Food Animals (Announcement No. 250 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) stipulates that furazolidone is a drug prohibited for use in food animals (which shall not be detected in animal foods). The reason for the detection of furazolidone metabolites in chicken meat may be the illegal use in the breeding process.
IV. Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin is a third-generation quinolone, which is a class of synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs used to treat skin infections and respiratory infections in animals, and is exclusive to animals. Long-term consumption of enrofloxacin residues exceeding the standard of food, may accumulate in the human body, thereby causing harm to human body function, and may also cause the human body to develop resistant strains. The National Standard for Food Safety The maximum residue limit of veterinary drugs in food (GB 31650-2019) stipulates that the maximum residue limit of enrofloxacin in poultry muscle is 100 μg/kg. The reason why the residual amount of enrofloxacin in chicken meat exceeds the standard may be that in the process of breeding to quickly control the disease, the amount of drug use is increased in violation of the law or the drug suspension period is not complied with, resulting in excessive drug residues in the marketed products.
Fifth, methyl mix phosphorus
Methophosphorus is a highly toxic and broad-spectrum systemic organophosphorus insecticide, which has the effect of touch killing, gastric toxicity and fumigation, and has a good control effect on both sucking mouthpiece and chewing mouthpiece pests. A small amount of residue will not cause acute poisoning in the human body, but long-term consumption of food with excessive phosphorus may have a certain impact on human health. The National Standard for Food Safety The maximum residue limit of pesticides in food (GB 2763-2019) stipulates that the maximum residue limit value of phosphorus in bulbous vegetables is 0.01mg/kg. The reason why the residual amount of methion in leeks exceeds the standard may be the illegal use for rapid pest control.
Sixth, rot and mildew
Humulus is a broad-spectrum high-efficiency fungicide that has a significant effect on gray mold and sclerotia that occur under low temperature and high humidity conditions, but the strain is easy to resist it. A small amount of residue will not cause acute poisoning of the human body, but long-term consumption of food with excessive putrefaction may have a certain impact on human health. The National Standard for Food Safety The maximum residue limit of pesticides in food (GB 2763-2019) stipulates that the maximum residue limit of putrefaction in leeks is 0.2mg/kg. The reason why the residue of rot mold in leeks exceeds the standard may be to quickly control the insect infestation, increase the amount of medication or fail to comply with the regulations on the picking interval, resulting in excessive residues in the products on the market.
7. Hypothion
Hypothion is an organophosphorus pesticide with touch killing, gastric toxicity and fumigation effect, which has a good anti-effect on aphids. A small amount of residue will not cause acute poisoning of the human body, but long-term consumption of foods exceeding the standard of hypothiophos may have a certain impact on human health. The National Standard for Food Safety The maximum residue limit of pesticides in food (GB 2763-2019) stipulates that the maximum residue limit value of phosphorus in beans and vegetables is 0.05mg/kg. The reason why the residue of hypothion in cowpea exceeds the standard may be that the residual amount in the products on the market is exceeded in order to quickly control the insect pest, increase the amount of medication or fail to comply with the regulations on the picking interval.
VIII. Pyridoxine
Fly-killing amine is a growth regulator of insects with touch killing function, which interferes with molting and pupalization, and has a good anti-effect on American spotted flycatchers. A small amount of residue will not cause acute poisoning in the human body, but long-term consumption of food exceeding the standard of lycopherol may have a certain impact on human health. The National Standard for Food Safety The maximum residue limit of pesticides in food (GB 2763-2019) stipulates that the maximum residue limit value of fly-killing amine in cowpea is 0.5mg/kg. The reason why the residual amount of fly-killing amine in cowpea exceeds the standard may be to ensure the harvest and good sales of cowpea, increase the amount of medication or fail to comply with the regulations on picking intervals, resulting in excessive residues in products on the market.
IX. Propionate
Propyl bromide is a non-systemic organophosphorus insecticide with contact killing and gastric toxicity, which has good permeability on leaves and has a good anti-effect on citrus red spiders. A small amount of residue will not cause acute poisoning in the human body, but long-term consumption of propromophos exceeding the standard of food may have a certain impact on human health. The National Standard for Food Safety The maximum residue limit of pesticides in food (GB 2763-2019) stipulates that the maximum residue limit of propyl bromophos in citrus is 0.2mg/kg. The reason why the residual amount of propyl bromophos in citrus exceeds the standard may be that the residual amount in the products on the market is exceeded in order to quickly control the insect pest, increase the dosage or fail to comply with the picking interval regulations.
10. Cadmium (in Cd)
Cadmium is an accumulative heavy metal element that can enter the human body through the food chain. Long-term consumption of foods with cadmium exceeding the standard may cause damage to the human kidneys and liver, but also affect the immune system, and may even damage the higher neural activity of children. The National Standard for Food Safety (GB 2762-2017) stipulates that the limit value of cadmium (in terms of Cd) in cephalopod aquatic animals is 2.0mg/kg. The reason why the detection value of cadmium (in Terms of Cd) in squid exceeds the standard may be that cadmium elements in the environment are enriched during their growth.
11. Dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt (measured in terms of dehydroacetic acid)
As a broad-spectrum food preservative, dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt have a strong ability to inhibit mold and yeast. Dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt can be completely absorbed by the human body, and can inhibit a variety of oxidases in the human body, long-term excessive intake of dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt will endanger human health. The National Standard for Food Safety and the Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2014) stipulate that dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt are not allowed in raw wet noodle products. The reason for the detection of dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt (in terms of dehydroacetic acid) in corn noodles may be that individual enterprises have used the additive to prevent food spoilage, or it may be that the compound additive used contains the additive.
12. Sunset yellow
Sunset yellow is a common synthetic colorant that is widely used in food production. If the long-term intake of foods exceeding the standard of sunset yellow, it will cause harm to human health, and may cause rubella, urticaria, diarrhea, and ADHD. The National Standard for Food Safety and the Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2014) stipulate that canned fruit (except canned watermelon sauce) must not use sunset yellow. The reason for the detection of sunset yellow in canned fruit may be that the production enterprise uses it beyond the scope to improve the color of the product and increase the market value, or it may be that the production enterprise does not use food additives according to the regulations.
13. Carmine
Carmine, also known as big red, bright scarlet, azo compound, is a common synthetic colorant, widely used in food production. Carmine has no poisoning phenomenon in animal tests, but if the long-term intake of carmine exceeds the standard of food, there is a possibility of teratogenicity and carcinogenicity. The National Standard for Food Safety And the Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2014) stipulates that the maximum amount of carmine used in candied fruits is 0.05g/kg. The reason why the carmine detection value in candied fruit exceeds the standard may be that the measurement of the final product exceeds the standard due to inaccurate measurement in the production process, or it may be that the production enterprise uses too much to improve the color of the product and increase the market value, or it may be that the enterprise adulterates and abuses the pigment.
14. Residual amount of aluminum (dry sample, measured in Al)
Aluminum-containing food additives, such as potassium aluminum sulfate (also known as potassium alum), ammonium aluminum sulfate (also known as ammonium alum), etc., are used as leavening agents and stabilizers in food, and aluminum residues will be generated after use. Aluminum-containing food additives will not cause harm to health when used according to standards, but long-term consumption of foods with aluminum exceeding standards will lead to a decline in exercise and learning and memory, affecting children's intellectual development. The National Standard for Food Safety and the Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2014) stipulate that the maximum residue limit value of aluminum in vermicelli and vermicelli (dry samples, calculated in Al) is 200mg/kg. The reason why the residual amount of aluminum in sweet potato noodles (dry samples, in terms of Al) exceeds the standard may be that individual enterprises use aluminum-containing food additives in the production and processing process to increase the taste of the product; it may also be that the aluminum content of the compound food additives used by them is too high; or it may be that the raw materials (edible starch) of vermicelli noodles used by manufacturers are affected by environmental reasons and naturally contain a higher content of aluminum background.
Fifteen, peroxide value (in terms of fat)
The peroxide value is an early indicator of rancidity of oils and fats, which mainly reflect the degree of oxidation of oils and fats. Eating foods with excessive peroxide values generally does not cause damage to human health, but long-term consumption of foods with serious peroxide values may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea and so on. The National Standard for Food Safety Instant Noodles (GB 17400-2015) stipulates that the maximum limit value of peroxide value (in terms of fat) in instant noodle fried noodle cakes is 0.25g/100g. The reason why the peroxide value (in terms of fat) in the instant noodle fried bread exceeds the standard may be that the fat in the raw material has been oxidized, or it may be related to the improper control of the environmental conditions of the product during storage and transportation.
Ratio of 16. Docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acids
Docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that participates in a variety of physiological functions of the body and contributes to infantile intellectual and visual development. Docosahexaenoic acid deficiency or excess may have a certain impact on the growth and development of infants and young children. The National Standard for Food Safety For Larger Infants and Infants Formula (GB 10767-2010) stipulates that the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acids shall not exceed 0.5%, and the National Standard for Food Safety Prepackaged Special Dietary Food Label (GB 13432-2013) stipulates that the actual content of energy and nutrients should not be less than 80% of the label value during the shelf life of the product. The ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acid in this batch of unqualified samples conforms to the "National Standard for Food Safety Larger Infant and Infant Formula Food" (GB 10767-2010) but does not meet the requirements of product label labeling, and the actual detection value is lower than 80% of the label value. The reason why the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acid in infant formula food is not up to standard may be that the actual amount of nutrients added by the enterprise in the production process is lower than the amount added by the formula design; it may also be lost during processing or storage; and it may also be related to the lack of mixing processes in the production process, resulting in uneven distribution of related nutrients in the product.
(Food Network Source Market General Administration Website)