Aixin Jueluo Fulin, the third emperor of the Qing Dynasty, called the emperor's personalized era name Shunzhi, during his reign (1643-1661). He is the son of Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, Borzigit, born in the Forbidden City Yongfu Palace, the ninth son of Taizong.
He ascended the throne at the age of six and was regent by Dorgon. In 1644, the Qing army entered the customs and made the capital Beijing. In 1650, Dolgon went out to hunt and died in the Luan River. In order to centralize imperial power, he reformed the traditional system of the participation of the kings in the affairs of the ministry, and implemented measures such as stopping the enclosure of land and relaxing the law on fugitives, so as to alleviate ethnic contradictions. Fulin attaches great importance to rectifying the rule of officials, selecting honest officials, and severely punishing corrupt officials. In addition, he also attached importance to improving administrative efficiency, reusing Hanchen, promoting tuntian, and encouraging land reclamation. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the Qing army captured the capital of Yunnan Province. Nationwide, only Zheng Chenggong on the southeast coast still has a relatively large scale of anti-Qing forces.
In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), Fulin passed away, at the age of 24, the temple number was the ancestor, buried in the filial piety mausoleum of Dongling, and the edict was passed on to the third son Xuanye.
Chong Ling succession
On the first day of the first month of the third year of Chongde (1638), Fulin was born in Shengjing, the son of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty, and his mother was Concubine Zhuang of Yongfu Palace, Borzigit, that is, Empress Wen of Xiaozhuang. At the age of five, the young man's marksmanship is like a god, and the roe deer can not escape a catastrophe, and he has been called "Fangkala Zhangjing", and his real name is "Fangkala" (that is, a dwarf).
In August of the eighth year of Chongde (1643), Huang Taiji died, and there was no prince designated to succeed him, which triggered a struggle for the throne between his fourteenth brother Dorgon, Prince Rui, and his eldest son, Prince Haoge, Su. The two tigers fought each other, regardless of victory or defeat, but Dolgon was cool-headed and proposed to support Fulin as emperor, and Zilharang as an auxiliary minister, which was recognized. Fulin ascended the throne on August 26 and was renamed Shunzhi the following year.
Although he was immature and did not know what the world was, under the influence of martial traditions, he showed a competitive spirit and a sense of superiority. At the end of the seventh year of Chongde (1642), Huang Taiji went out to hunt Ye He, brought blessings to the same place, and shot a horse. On the occasion of the enthronement ceremony, he walked out of the palace and went to the Dugong Palace, although the nurse was willing to sit together, but he politely refused, reminding everyone that he was the emperor, and his dignity could not be violated.
In March of the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Li Zicheng of the Dashun regime captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself. In April, Gushan Ezhen Holo accused Hauge of rebellion, and Fu Lin demoted Hauge to the rank of commoner, and his henchmen Omoktu and others were executed. Abatai was promoted to the king of the Dororao remnants. Fan Wencheng, a university scholar, offered Dolgon, which could be used to wave the Central Plains. Fulin appointed Dolgon as a general under his command, and rewarded Dolgon and the kings, Belle, and Bezi.
Dingding Yanjing
On April 21, the Qing army that responded to Wu Sangui defeated Li Zicheng's Tang Tong army at a stone, and on the 23rd, the two sides fought fiercely at Shanhaiguan, and the two sides were evenly matched, until in the afternoon, Wu's army was besieged by the peasant army at an exhaustion. Then the Qing army raided, the peasant army was defeated, and Li Zicheng had to retreat to the capital. On 2 May, the Qing army captured Beijing. Dolgon asked Fu Lin to move the capital to Beijing. In June, Fu Lin ordered Hong Chengchou to continue to serve as the secretary of the military department. In September, Emperor Shunzhi moved the capital to Beijing, and on the first day of October, under the persuasion of the kings and ministers, Emperor Shunzhi worshipped the heavens at the Temple of Heaven in the southern suburbs, and announced at the Huangji Gate that "Beijing is determined to be the capital and conquer the Central Plains". This marked the Qing Dynasty as the ruler of all of China.
In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the Qing army entered Shaanxi by two routes, led by Azig and Duoduo respectively. Li Zicheng resisted the Qing army at Tongguan, and after the defeat, he abandoned Xi'an and fled to Huguang. In April, Li Zicheng died in Jiugong Mountain, Tongshan. On April 25, the Qing army captured Yangzhou. On the ninth day of the fifth month, Duoduo occupied Zhenjiang and led his army to pursue Emperor Hongguang in Taiping, escorting Emperor Hongguang and the crown prince to Beijing for execution.
In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), the Qing court attacked Sichuan with Haoge as the main commander. Establish an annual salary system: the regent has an annual salary of 2,000 taels, and the lowest is 30 taels. In February, a ban was issued prohibiting land enclosures. In October, Duoduo triumphed, and Emperor Shunzhi personally went out of the city to reward. The Taihe Hall and the Zhonghe Hall have been repaired. Formulate the etiquette of the emperor's welcome and send-off. In December, the repair of the Bohol Hall was completed.
In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), internal disputes in the Qing court intensified. In the first month, Prince Zheng Jierharang was fined 2,000 taels for exceeding the system in the construction of the palace. In March, the "Great Qing Law" was set and the old Jiangnan Department was abolished. In July, Prince Yu Duoduo was promoted to the rank of Auxiliary Uncle Prince Deyu. After that, Dorgon took charge of the government. And the prince no longer bowed to Emperor Shunzhi.
In March of the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), Zilharang was demoted to the king of the county. Hauge was convicted, imprisoned by Fulin and killed by Dolgon. In leap April, Zilharang was reinstated as Prince Shuo. Formulate the six Han Shangshu and the Imperial History System of the Left Capital of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. In August, the Qing court allowed the marriage between the two sides. In November, Emperor Shunzhi sacrificed to the heavens in the mound, sacrificing Taizu and the above four generations.
In the first month of the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), he held the official position of the three courts in Dingnai. In March, Prince Yu Duoduo died, and Dolgon returned to Beijing for funeral. In April, Empress Dowager Taizong Borzigit died. In June, Prince Azig of England was convicted of Dolgon and removed from office.
Qianxi Dogma
On December 31, 1650, Dolgon, who had left the Sai Dynasty, died in Kara City, allowing Fulin to govern in advance.
In the first month of the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), Emperor Shunzhi was in charge at the age of fourteen. In the same month, the wedding was completed. After Dolgon's death, Emperor Shunzhi got rid of the puppet, cut off Dolgon's title, and removed the rank. In order to consolidate the imperial power, he abolished the old habit of the kings to manage the affairs of various ministries through Baylor, and adopted policies to ease ethnic contradictions, such as slowing down the wide enclosure and relaxing the law on fugitives. However, without the support of a strong political force, Emperor Shunzhi's ambitions were not realized.
In February of the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), Emperor Shunzhi conferred on Prince Zheng Jierharang as Prince Zheng of Uncle Heshuo; in March, he abolished the power of the kings, Beile, and Beizi to manage the affairs of the six ministries; in April, he adopted the suggestion of the Ministry of Rites, stipulating that a sutra feast be held once a month in the three dynasties and in the spring and autumn seasons, and set up officials from the Zongren Mansion to stipulate all rituals; in September, he planned to personally receive the Dalai Lama of Tibet. In December, Emperor Shunzhi met with the Fifth Dalai Lama in Nanyuan. At the same time, he set up sect schools in various banners, and the sons of unordained clans were allowed to enter the school from the age of 10.
In the first month of the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), Emperor Shunzhi ordered to change the pattern of only being performed by Manchu ministers, and after that, the Manchu and Han Dynasty servants and officials above the secretary needed to participate in the performance; in March, Emperor Shunzhi gave Taichangqing Tang Ruowang the title of "Tongxuan Teacher"; in April, he personally interviewed Hanlin official Cheng Kegong and others; in May, Emperor Shunzhi added Han scholars, two in each academy; in August, he arranged for Princess Heshuo, the fourteenth daughter of Taizong, to marry Wu Yingxiong, the son of Wu Sangui, King of Pingxi; on the 26th, he deposed the queen as Concubine Jing.
In the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1654), Emperor Shunzhi gave birth to the prince Xuanye, that is, the later Emperor Kangxi; in June, Borzigit, the daughter of the Duke of Horqin Town, was named the queen; in December, Emperor Shunzhi named Bo Guoduo as the prince of Heshuozhuang, changed the palace to the Forbidden City, the back mountain as Jingshan, and the south platform of Xiyuan as Yingtai. The thirteen internal yamen set up iron plates, and eunuchs were strictly prohibited from interfering in politics, and all eunuchs should not exceed four grades.
In the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655), he revised the "Shunzhi Great Teachings" and "Information and Political Essentials", and promulgated the "Taizu Sacred Teachings" and "Taizong Sacred Teachings"; in April, the Shunzhi Emperor ordered the revision of the "Taizu Sacred Teachings" and "Taizong Sacred Teachings"; in May, the Prince of Zheng Jierharang died of illness; in June, the Shunzhi Emperor named Bo Guoduo as the Prince of Heshuozhuang.
Devoted to Zen monks
At the beginning of Emperor Shunzhi's accession to the throne, he became acquainted with John Tong, the evangelist of the Catholic Church. Subsequently, Tang Ruowang's status soared, and in just a few years, he was successively named the general doctor, Taichang Siqing, and in the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), he was named Tongxuan teacher, and in the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655), he was promoted to the general political envoy, and in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), he was crowned Guanglu doctor, and he was an official position. All show that Emperor Shunzhi attaches great importance to and trusts him. Originally, Emperor Shunzhi called his adoptive mother, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, who respected John Tang as his father-in-law, and called him "Marfa".
In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi (1657), Fulin began to come into contact with Buddhism and gradually became a devout Buddhist believer. In the autumn of the same year, he visited Haihui Temple, where he had a pleasant conversation with the monk of the Longchi sect of the Rinzai sect, Han Pu Xingcong, and became more and more interested in Buddhism. Then, on October 4, he personally summoned Han Pu Xingcong at the Nanyuan Wanshan Temple, and since then, he has been summoned continuously to inquire about celebrities in the Buddhist world. He learned about the list of many Buddhist masters and admired them very much.
In September of the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), Fu Lin ordered the envoys to go to the Bao'en Temple in Huzhou, Jiangnan to summon Yulin Xiu Zen Master into Beijing. Yulinxiu was indifferent to fame and fortune and refused several times. However, Fu Lin was still unswerving, and sent people to fight without reason.
In February of the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Yulinxiu was summoned to Beijing. Fu Lin named him the "Great Awakening Zen Master", paid homage to him with the teacher's courtesy, and asked for the Dharma name. However, Yu Linxiu repeatedly refused, Fu Lin insisted, and finally chose "idiot" as his legal name. In April, Yulinxiu applied to return to his hometown, and Fulin gave him a yellow robe and a gold seal, and sent someone to escort him, and also invited his disciple Maoxi Xingsen to Beijing. In July of the same year, Maoxi Xingsen went to Beijing as he wished. Fulin found that his words were very subtle and ordered them to be invited. Fu Lin received Maoxi Xingsen in the Hall of Ten Thousand Virtues, and nodded frequently during the conversation.
On August 19 of the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), Concubine Dong E died of illness in Chengqian Palace, and Emperor Shunzhi fell into extreme grief, and the troubles of political affairs made him exhausted. At this time, only the Dharma could give him comfort, so he came up with the idea of shaving his hair. At the turn of September and October, Fulin decided to become a monk and was ordained by Mao Xisen. On October 15, Yulin Tongxiu Zen Master was edicted to enter Beijing, and after hearing about this, he jumped like thunder and wanted to burn Mao Xisen to death. So he advised Emperor Shunzhi: "By secular standards, the emperor should always sit on the throne of the dragon, comfort the heart of the Queen Mother, and send it to the people to live and work in peace and contentment; Emperor Shunzhi listened to his advice, grew his hair and kept his customs, and temporarily let go of his desire to become a monk. As a result, Mao Xisen was saved from death and left Beijing within a month to return home. Although Shunzhi is reluctant to the Pure Land, he has been cleansed physically and mentally by Buddhism.
Dyeing Death
On the second day of the first month of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, Emperor Shunzhi arranged for Wu Liangfu, an internal supervisor, to become a monk. And Emperor Shunzhi himself suffered from pox and gradually fell into a dying situation. He had a premonition that his body was weak and his days were numbered. On the sixth night of the first month, he hurriedly summoned Wang Xi, the waiter of the Ministry of Rites and the head of the Hanlin Academy, and Ma Leji, the former cabinet scholar, to enter the Yangxin Palace to prepare the edict. The two of them pondered hard for a day in the west screen under the Qianqing Gate, three in and three out of the front of Emperor Shunzhi, and it was not determined until the evening. The next day, Emperor Shunzhi collapsed in the Yangxin Palace, only 24 years old.
On the occasion of the collapse of Shunzhi, Maleji and the guard Jia Bujia reported to the queen mother with the edict in hand, and quickly announced it to the kings, the ministers and guards of the princes and princes. The edict designated the eight-year-old third son of the emperor, Aisin Jueluo Xuanye, as the crown prince, succeeded to the throne, and appointed Sony, Suke Saha, Kubilong, and Ao Bai as auxiliary ministers. On the eighth day of the first month, let the envoy promulgate the edict throughout the country. On the ninth day of the first month, Xuan Ye became the emperor.
In February, the coffin of Emperor Shunzhi was temporarily placed in the Jingshan Shouhuang Palace, the thirteen yamen were abolished, and the internal supervisor Wu Liangfu was executed. On April 17, the cremation ceremony was carried out by Maoxi Xingsen, who had entered Beijing again. After cremation, the treasure palace (urn) was buried in Zunhua Malanyu, that is, the filial piety tomb. The temple number is the ancestor, the name of the Emperor Zhang, the later generations have a lot of respect, to the first year of Qianlong (1736) the respect increased to twenty-two words, that is, the body of the day long Yun Ding Tong Jian Ji Yingrui Qin Wen Xianwu Dade Honggong to the benevolence and pure filial piety of the Emperor.