The historical origin of photovoltaic power generation
In 1839, when the 19-year-old French Becquerel was doing physical experiments, he discovered that the current of two metal electrodes in a conductive liquid would strengthen when illuminated with light, thus discovering the "photovoltaic effect".
In 1930, he first proposed to use the "photovoltaic effect" to make solar cells, so that solar energy can be turned into electricity.
In 1932, Audubot and Stola made the first "cadmium sulfide" solar cell.
In 1941, Audu discovered the photovoltaic effect on silicon.
In May 1954, Chabin, Fuller and Pearson of Bell Labs in the United States developed a monocrystalline silicon solar cell with an efficiency of 6%, which was the world's first solar cell with practical value.
The modern development of photovoltaic power generation
From 1990 to 2005, the average annual growth rate of photovoltaic modules in the world was about 15%. In the late 90s of the 20th century, the development was even more rapid, and in 1999 the production of photovoltaic modules reached 200 megawatts. The efficiency of commercial cells has increased from 10%~13% to 13%~15%, and the production scale has developed from 1~5 MW/year to 5~25 MW/year, and is expanding to 50 MW or even 100 MW. The production cost of PV modules has dropped to less than US$3/W.
In 2011, the global installed capacity of PV increased by 52%, and the cumulative global installed capacity exceeded 67GW. In 2011, the market demand of the photovoltaic industry in the Asia-Pacific region, represented by China, Japan and India, increased by 129% year-on-year, with installed capacity of 2.2GW, 1.1GW and 350MW respectively. In addition, in the maturing North American market, about 2.1GW of new installations were added, an increase of 84%.
China is the fastest growing country in the world in terms of photovoltaic power installations, and in the next ten years, China's photovoltaic power generation market will usher in a new round of rapid growth with active and stable policy support, and will attract more strategic investors to integrate into the industry.
What is Solar PV?
Solar photovoltaic effect, abbreviated as "photovoltaic". To put it simply, as long as there is sunlight, it can generate electricity. This is a project promoted by the government, the trend of new energy development in the future, and a good project that can help the poor and get rich!
What are the classifications of photovoltaic power generation?
Photovoltaic power stations are mainly divided into two categories: centralized power stations and distributed power stations. Compared with traditional large-scale wind power plants, photovoltaic power plants can not only be installed on a large scale, but can also be distributed on the surface of buildings, outdoors and other scenarios.
What is a centralized photovoltaic power plant?
Centralized photovoltaic power station refers to the photovoltaic array installed in mountains, water surface, desert and other relatively wide areas, after the sun irradiates the photovoltaic array can generate direct current, and the inverter converts direct current into alternating current, and then connects to the power grid through the booster station. The scale of centralized photovoltaic power stations is generally large, generally more than 10MW, and the number of super-large photovoltaic power stations above 100MW is gradually increasing.
What is Distributed Photovoltaic?
Distributed photovoltaic power generation refers to photovoltaic power generation facilities that are built near the user's site, and the operation mode is mainly self-generated and self-consumed on the user side, the excess electricity is connected to the Internet, and the balance adjustment in the distribution system is the characteristic of photovoltaic power generation facilities. Distributed photovoltaic power generation follows the principles of adapting measures to local conditions, clean and efficient, decentralized layout, and nearby utilization, making full use of local solar energy resources to replace and reduce fossil energy consumption.
What is the principle of photovoltaic power generation effect?
Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photogenerated volt effect, using solar cells to directly convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. The photovoltaic power generation system is mainly composed of three parts: solar panels (modules), inverters, and meter boxes, and finally integrated into the national grid.
What are the modes of photovoltaic power generation?
Mode 1: All self-generated and self-consumed
In layman's terms, it means that all the electricity generated by the user's photovoltaic system is consumed by itself. It is mostly used in off-grid systems.
Mode 2: Self-consumption, surplus power to the Internet
The electricity generated by the user's photovoltaic system is first used by itself, and the excess electricity is sold to the grid. This model is the most widely accepted model for the most applications at present, and it is also the main model recommended in various places.
Mode 3: All Internet access
All the electricity generated by the user's photovoltaic system is sold to the grid. This pattern was more common earlier and is now decreasing.
What are the benefits of photovoltaic power generation?
Electricity revenue
Photovoltaic system power generation can save a certain amount of electricity bills every month, which is income from a different perspective.
Income from the sale of electricity
The excess electricity used by the user can be sold to the state, and the price of the electricity sold is based on the benchmark electricity price of the local coal-fired desulfurization unit.
Prospects for the development of photovoltaic power generation
It is predicted that in order to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation in the mainland needs to reach 9~1 billion kilowatts by 2030, and 30~3.5 billion kilowatts by 2060. At present, the prospect of home PV is optimistic by all parties. It is estimated that there are more than 40 million independent roofs in the country, such as 20% of the roofs are covered with solar panels, and the market size of home photovoltaics is 320 billion.