The group standard T/CES 241-2023 "General Technical Specifications for Industrial and Commercial Energy Storage Integrated Cabinets" of the China Electrotechnical Society was proposed by the China Electrotechnical Society, and drafted and compiled by State Grid Jiangsu Comprehensive Energy Service Co., Ltd., State Grid Shanghai Energy Internet Research Institute Co., Ltd. and other units. The standard stipulates the technical requirements for the composition, use conditions, technical performance, safety performance, and test and detection of industrial and commercial energy storage integrated cabinets.
1. Standard drafting unit and main drafter
(1) Drafting unit
State Grid Jiangsu Comprehensive Energy Service Co., Ltd., State Grid Shanghai Energy Internet Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Grid Nanjing Comprehensive Energy Service Co., Ltd., Nanjing Nanrui Jibao Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai Kechuang Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Jianwang Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Sermatec Energy Technology Co., Ltd., CETC (Nanjing) Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Renewable Energy Industry Association, Jiangsu Energy Storage Industry Association, Shanghai Lianhui Cloud Power Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Qihou Intelligent Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd.
(2) The main drafter
Li Xiang, Wang Deshun, Zhou Xianwei, Li Yuelong, Wang Ning, He Jian, Wang Jun, Li Yongfu, Zhuang Jun, Zhou Chen, Xue Jinhua, Bi Zhenyu, Luo Yusun, Shi Xinchun, Yao Gang, Yang Mo, Gu Yu.
2. Background of standard development
Energy storage is an important component of the development of a new power system, and it is a new form of business that the country is currently focusing on cultivating. At this stage, the volatility of both supply and demand sides of the power system is increasing at the same time, which puts forward higher requirements for the flexibility of the power grid. The energy storage cabinet has flexible adjustment and fast response speed, which can solve the problems of three-phase imbalance and reactive power for users, and is a high-quality flexible resource. However, at present, the user-side energy storage is full of flowers, with different specifications and different quality, and disorderly construction and grid connection also pose a certain threat to the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
3. The main content of the standard
(1) Scope
This document stipulates the composition, use conditions, technical performance, safety performance and technical requirements for testing and testing of industrial and commercial energy storage integrated cabinets (hereinafter referred to as "energy storage cabinets"). This document is applicable to AC energy storage cabinets connected to 380V grid voltage levels, with a single cabinet power range of 50kW~200kW and a capacity range of 100kW·h~400kW·h.
(2) Normative references
The main documents cited in this standard mainly include:
- GB 2894 Safety Signs and Guidelines for Their Use
- GB/T 7251.1 Low-voltage switchgear and control equipment
- GB/T 12325 Power quality supply voltage deviation
- GB/T 12326 Power quality -- Voltage fluctuation and flicker
- GB/T 14549 Power Quality Utility Grid Harmonics
- GB/T 15543 Power quality three-phase voltage unbalance
- GB/T 20138 Protective Levels of Electrical Equipment Enclosures against External Mechanical Collisions (IK Code)
- GB/T 34120 Technical specification for energy storage converter for electrochemical energy storage system
- GB/T 34131 Technical specification for lithium-ion battery management system for electrochemical energy storage power station
- GB/T 36276 Lithium-ion batteries for power energy storage
- GB/T 36545 Technical requirements for mobile electrochemical energy storage systems
- GB/T 36547 Technical regulations for electrochemical energy storage systems to be connected to the power grid
- GB/T 36558 General technical conditions for electrochemical energy storage systems in power systems
- GB/T 50065 Code for grounding design of alternating current electrical installations
- GB 50370 Code for design of gas fire extinguishing systems
- GB 51048 Code for design of electrochemical energy storage power stations
- DL/T 448 Technical Management Regulations for Electric Energy Metering Devices
- DL/T 2528 Basic terminology for electric energy storage
- T/CEC 168 Test Procedure for Mobile Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems
- T/CEC 373 Technical specification for fire protection of prefabricated cabin lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage power station
- Q/CSG 1204051 Technical specification for safety protection of distribution automation systems
(3) Terms and Definitions
It mainly includes the definition of energy storage cabinet and dynamic capacity increase.
3.1 储能柜 Energy storage cabinet
With lithium iron phosphate batteries as the carrier of energy storage, it includes a cabinet, a battery pack unit, a battery management unit, an energy storage converter, a control unit, a fire protection unit, and a temperature and humidity management unit, and has a system that can be flexibly deployed in outdoor scenarios.
3.2 动态增容 Dynamic capacity increase
A compensation measure to improve the transmission capacity of the distribution network, by dynamically changing the output size of the active power and reactive power of the energy storage cabinet, the temporary increase of the capacity of the station area.
(4) General Provisions
4.1 The energy storage system in this document is deployed in the form of an energy storage cabinet on site.
4.2 The energy storage cabinet in this document generally includes a cabinet, a battery pack unit, a battery management unit, an energy storage converter, a control unit, a fire protection unit, and a temperature and humidity management unit, which is suitable for the energy storage cabinet directly placed outdoors on the user side.
(5) System composition
5.1 General
5.1.1 The power range of a single cabinet of energy storage cabinet is generally 50kW~200kW, and the capacity range is generally 100kWh~400kWh.
5.1.2 The energy storage cabinet should be integrated with outdoor cabinets, and the appearance structure of the system is shown in Appendix A.
5.1.3 The energy storage cabinet shall include a cabinet, a battery pack unit, a battery management unit, an energy storage converter, a control unit, a fire protection unit, and a temperature and humidity management unit.
5.2 Battery pack cells
The battery pack cell shall meet the following requirements:
a) The battery pack unit shall be a lithium iron phosphate battery, which meets the requirements of GB/T 36276 lithium-ion batteries for power energy storage;
b) The cycle life of the battery cell and the battery module shall meet the provisions of GB/T36276;
c) The safety performance of the battery pack unit shall comply with the provisions of GB/T36276;
d) The technical requirements of the battery management system shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 34131;
e) According to the test method 7.12 in GB/T 36548-2018, the energy conversion efficiency of the battery pack unit shall not be less than 94%;
f) The number of temperature collection channels in the battery module should not be less than the number of battery cells in the module, and there should be temperature collection points at the positive and negative poles of the module.
5.3 Energy storage converters
The energy storage converter should meet the following requirements:
a) The design, performance and functional requirements of the energy storage converter shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 34120;
b) The energy storage converter should adopt a single-module and single-stage architecture;
c) The reactive power output capacity of the energy storage converter shall not be less than 100%;
d) According to GB/T 34133 test method, the maximum efficiency of rectification or inverter of energy storage converter shall not be less than 98% (non-isolated);
e) According to GB/T 34133 test method, the no-load loss of energy storage converter shall not exceed 0.8% of the rated power;
f) In accordance with GB/T 36545-2018 vibration test method, in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 2423.10-2019.
5.4 Control Unit
5.4.1 The control unit is located in the energy storage cabinet, which collects the communication information of the battery pack unit, the communication information of the energy storage converter, the communication information of the metering system, the communication information of the fire protection system, the communication information of the thermal management and the information interaction of the superior management system of the energy storage cabinet, and the communication architecture of the energy storage cabinet is shown in Appendix B.
5.4.2 Battery pack cell communication content
The communication between the control system and the battery pack unit shall contain at least the following contents:
a) Cluster data information: SOC, cluster voltage, cluster current, cell max/low voltage, cell max/low temperature;
b) Status information: battery cluster output status, battery system alarm and fault information.
5.4.3 Communication content of energy storage converter
The communication content between the control system and the energy storage converter shall contain at least the following contents:
a) Data information: the AC side includes voltage, current, frequency, power factor, active power, reactive power, apparent power, and the DC side includes voltage, current, and power;
b) Status information: on-grid and off-grid status, system fault alarms and maintenance signals;
c) Control information: start-stop control, power control, voltage and frequency control.
5.4.4 Metering system communication content
The communication content of the control system and metering should contain at least the following data information: frequency, voltage and current of the grid-connected point, active and reactive power and power factor data injected into the power grid, as well as forward/reverse active energy, positive and reverse reactive energy.
5.4.5 Communication content of fire protection system
The communication content between the control system and the fire protection system should contain at least the following data information: ppm value of combustible gas such as H2 or CO, temperature, smoke, warning level and other status.
5.4.6 Communication content of temperature and humidity control system
The communication content between the control system and the temperature and humidity control system should contain at least the following data information: the ambient temperature in the cabinet, the ambient humidity in the cabinet, the working voltage, the working current, the status of the internal and external fans, and the status of the whole machine.
5.4.7 Communication content of the superior management system
The energy storage cabinet connected to the power grid shall have the communication function with the superior management system, and shall record but not limited to the following information:
a) Electrical analogue: frequency, voltage and current of the grid-connected point, active and reactive power injected into the grid, power factor, power quality data;
b) Electric energy: rechargeable/dischargeable capacity, on-grid power, off-grid power, etc.;
c) State quantity: the state of the on-connection point breaking equipment, the state of charge and discharge, the state of charge and other signals;
d) Other information: energy storage cabinet power/capacity, etc.
5.5 Cabinets
5.5.1 The appearance of the cabinet of the energy storage cabinet shall meet the following requirements:
a) The welding parts of the cabinet are firm, the welds are uniform, and there are no defects such as missing welding, undercut, porosity, and spatter;
b) The exterior paint surface of the cabinet is smooth, flat, uniform in color, and free of defects such as sagging, bottom leakage, pinholes, etc.;
c) The surface of the cabinet body has an anti-corrosion coating or coating, and the anti-corrosion level meets C4 and above.
5.5.2 The energy storage cabinet shall meet the protection level of at least IP54.
5.5.3 There should be eye-catching safety signs on the cabinet shell, including grounding marking, beware of electric shock, no fireworks and no live operation, etc.
5.5.4 There shall be nameplate information on the cabinet shell, including but not limited to: battery pack unit parameters, device rated power/rated capacity, commissioning date, manufacturer, etc.
5.6 Fire Fighting Facilities
The fire safety requirements of the energy storage cabinet shall comply with the following provisions:
a) The energy storage cabinet should be equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing device;
b) The energy storage cabinet should be equipped with combustible gas monitoring and smoke detection;
c) Perfluorohexanone or heptafluoropropane should be used as a fire-fighting medium;
d) The minimum protection unit of the fire protection facilities of the energy storage cabinet should be a battery module, and each battery module can be separately equipped with a fire extinguishing medium sprinkler or a fire detector.
5.7 Other Ancillary Facilities
5.7.1 The energy storage cabinet shall be equipped with thermal management measures, which can be liquid cooling or air cooling, etc., under the condition of 25 °C, the 0.5C charge and discharge cycle test is 14400s, and the temperature difference of the battery cell shall not be higher than 5 °C (not higher than 10 °C if the air cooling mode is adopted).
5.7.2 The energy storage cabinet shall be self-powered inside the energy storage cabinet and shall meet the requirements of off-grid self-starting.
5.7.3 The output circuit breaker of the energy storage cabinet shall meet the relevant requirements of GB10963.12005 or GB14048.22008, and have the functions of overload and short circuit protection.
5.7.4 The energy storage cabinet shall have a two-way electric energy metering function, and the technical requirements of the equipment shall comply with the provisions of the technical requirements in DL/T 448.
(6) Conditions of use
6.1 Environmental conditions
The energy storage cabinet should be able to operate normally according to the rated power under the following environmental conditions:
a) Working environment temperature: -20°C~+50°C;
b) The altitude is not higher than 2000m;
c) The relative humidity is not higher than 95%.
6.2 Anti-Vibration
The battery pack unit shall meet the requirements of vibration in GB/T 36276.
6.3 Equipment Placement
When the energy storage cabinet is working, the horizontal slope of the ground where the equipment is placed should not be greater than 6°, and the horizontal (left and right) horizontal inclination should not be greater than 5°.
(7) Performance requirements
7.1 Technical requirements for grid-connected operation
When the energy storage cabinet is connected to the grid, the following requirements should be met:
a) The total harmonic distortion rate limit of the current injected into the grid is 5%;
b) The DC current component of the AC side current should not exceed 0.5% of its AC rating;
c) The voltage fluctuation and flicker generated during grid-connected operation shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 12326;
d) The power control performance shall comply with the provisions of power control in GB/T 36547;
e) The adaptability of the power grid shall comply with the provisions of the adaptability of the power grid in GB/T 36547.
7.2 Technical requirements for off-grid operation
When the energy storage cabinet is running off-grid, the following requirements should be met:
a) The power quality of the AC side outlet shall comply with the provisions of the off-grid power quality in GB/T 34120;
b) It should have a zero-pressure soft-start function;
c) It should have the function of voltage adjustment, and the voltage adjustment range shall not be less than ±10% of the rated voltage.
7.3 Feature Requirements
7.3.1 Self-starting
The energy storage cabinet should have the function of starting and stopping, and have the function of self-starting in the absence of external power supply.
7.3.2 Overload Capacity
The energy storage cabinet should have short-term overload capacity, and the continuous operation time should not be less than 10min at 110% rated power, and not less than 1min at 120% rated power.
7.3.3 Operational Functional Requirements
The energy storage cabinet should have power control functions such as active power control, reactive power control and power factor adjustment, and meet the requirements of operation modes such as peak shaving and valley filling, demand response, reactive power compensation, dynamic capacity increase, and three-phase current unbalance control.
7.3.4 Local Monitoring Feature Requirements
The energy storage cabinet shall have local monitoring functions to realize data monitoring and operation control of various equipment in the device, and shall meet the technical requirements of GB/T 36558, including the following functions:
a) The voltage, current, state of charge, power, temperature and alarm information of the battery management system should be received and displayed;
b) The AC and DC voltage, AC and DC current, active power, reactive power and alarm information of the energy storage converter should be received and displayed;
c) It should have control functions such as grid-connected charge/discharge operation control, off-grid V/F operation control, active/reactive power operation control, etc.;
d) It should have an automatic operation strategy and remote control function.
7.3.5 Communications and Automation
The energy storage cabinet should have the ability to communicate with the upper-level dispatching agency to meet the following technical requirements:
a) Should have local/remote control switching function;
b) Should have RS485 and Ethernet communication interfaces;
c) There should be a wireless communication interface for remote monitoring information.
7.3.6 Protection Functions
The energy storage cabinet should have but is not limited to the following protection functions: AC over-under-voltage, AC over-under-frequency, AC over-current, DC over-undervoltage, DC over-current, AC phase sequence protection, over-temperature protection, short-circuit protection, etc.
(8) Safety requirements
8.1 Lightning Protection and Grounding
The lightning protection design of the energy storage cabinet should comply with the provisions of GB/T 36276, and the system should reserve a grounding point and be reliably connected with the grounding point.
8.2 Insulation
The insulation performance of the energy storage cabinet shall comply with the provisions of the performance of insulating materials in GB/T 36276.
8.3 Security Marks
The energy storage cabinet should have eye-catching safety signs, including grounding identification, beware of electric shock, fireworks are strictly prohibited, live operation is prohibited, etc., and the shape, color, size and height of the logo should be implemented in accordance with GB2894 regulations.
8.4 Temperature rise
The temperature rise of the rated power of the energy storage cabinet shall meet the provisions of the temperature rise limit in GB/T 36545.
8.5 Degree of protection
The energy storage cabinet should meet at least IP54 protection level.
8.6 Battery safety warning
The energy storage cabinet should have a safety early warning function, which can report alarm information and start the corresponding protection function.
(9) Test
9.1 The type test, factory test and on-site test items of energy storage cabinet are shown in Table 1.
9.2 The energy storage cabinet shall complete the system test at the factory and grid connection site, and issue a test report.
(10) Storage and transportation
10.1 Storage
a) There is no serious inclination of the ground, and the bearing capacity meets the requirements;
b) The storage environment temperature should be -25°C~55°C;
c) The relative humidity of the air should be less than 95%.
10.2 Transportation
a) The energy storage cabinet should be in a state of shutdown and power failure;
b) The temperature of the transportation environment should be -20°C~45°C, and the relative humidity of the air should be less than 95%.
4. Standard-setting benefits
This standard makes normative requirements for energy storage cabinets, fills the gap in the general technical specifications of energy storage cabinets in China, and standardizes the integration and construction of energy storage cabinets by establishing general technical specifications and standards for energy storage cabinets. The energy storage cabinet has flexible adjustment and fast response speed, which can solve the problems of three-phase imbalance and reactive power for users, and is a high-quality flexible resource.