Hole Lot of Sense：穿孔外墙和隔断的智能用途

Perforated walls, panels, and screens have been used for centuries as a way to control the level of light entering a building or to provide privacy for occupants. The function of the piercing has remained largely the same, but the materials and methods of manufacturing have changed considerably. The development of computer-controlled technology no longer requires hand cutting or engraving, which means that detailed patterns can now be quickly and easily etched into a variety of materials for internal or external use.

Architonic looks at some recent projects, showcasing the contemporary effects that can be achieved with perforated materials.

Perforated screens and blinds help to add a unique personality to the exterior of a building and play an important role. In the Mediterranean, shutters painted in bright colors give towns and villages a cheerful visual style. When turned off, they reduce the effects of direct sunlight and provide an extra level of privacy and security. Intricately patterned screens are typical of many buildings in parts of Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, and traditionally, these screens are cut by hand by skilled artisans. The intricacies of the lattices indicate the wealth or importance of the occupants, and the most intricate and elaborate lattices are usually found in temples, mosques, or other places of worship. The traditional application of these perforated surfaces has inspired and informed contemporary architects interested in exploring new functional and aesthetic possibilities.

In climates where harsh heat and sunlight can create uncomfortable conditions, striking a balance between light and dark, warmth and ventilation is an important consideration. Piercy Conner Architects encountered this problem in the design of the Restello apartment building in Kolkata (Kolkata), India, which will be completed early next year. Floor-to-ceiling glass encased in the outer layer consists of perforated steel screens that protect against the sun and rain, controlling the amount of light entering the interior while maintaining spectacular views. Between the glass windows and screens is a double-height terrace that blurs the boundaries between interior and exterior spaces. The delicate patterns used on the screen reference the local dialect and create a dappled light that gives the impression of natural shadows to the interior.

The project's use of steel was affected by the high humidity experienced in the region, which could lead to rapid deterioration and decay of structures made of less robust materials. The impermeability of steel means that it does not shrink or expand, and exposed areas can be galvanized or treated to reduce corrosion. Aimed at the growing market of high-income professionals, these apartments retain the desirable quality of light and space provided by steel and glass constructions, while addressing the glare of sunlight to provide a comfortable and luxurious living environment.

Large and small perforations give Lyon's orange cube its unique personality. Designed by Paris-based Jakob + Macfarlane as a design showroom and office building, its colourful metal mesh façade is covered with irregular perforated patterns and dramatically pierced by two large openings. At the corners of the building, a curved block is removed to create an entrance, while a larger void formed by two intersecting curves carves a section into the structure that forms an atrium, corridor, and terrace that offers dynamic, changing views of the nearby river and surrounding offices.

Visually, the perforated surface references the mottled effect of light reflecting off the surface of the nearby river, while its russet hue is inspired by the harborside location. The functional performance of the patterned façade is achieved through a careful study of optimal light levels and thermal performance. Inside, the theme of perforation continues in the exhibition hall, where long L-shaped walls are pierced by angular cavities of different sizes, in which iconic design pieces are displayed.

During the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, WWAA Architects explored the narrative possibilities of perforation in its Polish Pavilion. The angular structure is covered with plywood, and its patterns are inspired by the Polish folk art of decoupage. The use of CNC plotters to etch traditional patterns onto panels encapsulates the importance of preserving the country's cultural heritage while promoting its current progressive, design-led attitude.

Perforations cast light onto the interior spaces, filling them with intricate patterns, while at night, the building is illuminated from the inside, with an ever-changing spectrum penetrating the façade. Inside, the perforations act as wayfinding tools, guiding the visitor through the various stages of the display and evolving into new forms in response to images and films that depict aspects of Polish history, culture, and daily life.

Perforated facades allow interior spaces to benefit from natural light, filtered in a way that reduces glare from direct sunlight, creating an environment conducive to relaxation and work. This is the principle adopted by Coelacanth K&H Architects in Japan for the design of the Kaimirai Library in Ishikawa Prefecture, Kanazawa City. They recognise that the quality of light will play a key role in creating an atmosphere that encourages visitors to linger and use the facility as a social hub. By driving 6,000 small openings into the surface of the large orthogonal volume, they were able to create a tranquil environment reminiscent of a forest glade, where soft light and expansive spaces are punctuated by towering columns that cut through the buildings. The frequency of the holes in the walls ensures an even light, perfect for reading and contemplation.

Light was a key consideration for architect DGJ+NAU when designing a flagship branch in Zurich for Swiss bank Raiffeisen. Their goal was to create an open environment that would break away from the dull notions of traditional banking and allow customers and employees to participate in a lounge-like environment inspired by high-end retail spaces. Open, light-filled spaces are separated by flowing walls, gauze curtains, and perforated screens. Screens are used to control the view of private areas while maintaining excellent light levels throughout the interior. The surface of the screen is adorned with abstract images of some of the region's most important past residents, helping the bank connect its futuristic outlook to the area's cultural heritage. The image is milled to a white Hi-Macs composite surface with crisp quality.

Whether used internally or externally, perforations create dialogue between spaces; Block or draw the view as needed, and keep the temperature and brightness at a level that is comfortable and practical. With the advent of new technologies, architects and designers have new options who are interested in exploring the potential of piercing to tell stories and create statements. It is now possible to quickly and easily produce detailed patterned surfaces that are large enough to wrap around an entire building. Shade and privacy will continue to be the main practical uses of piercings, but the potential applications are greater than ever.

The perforated steel façade of Piercy Conner Architects' Restello apartment building provides natural ventilation and shade; Image © :P iercy Conner Architects

The etched motifs show a distinctly oriental influence; Image © :P iercy Conner Architects

Two large voids in the orange cube help provide light, ventilation, and cityscapes; Photo: Roland Halbert

The polygonal holes on the display wall reflect the shape of the faces on the façade; Photo: Nicholas Borrell