Master Wang, 60, from Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, never imagined that he would be admitted to the hospital after going to the grave last Saturday, and the culprit was the impurities and dust he inhaled when he went to the grave.
"The grave hadn't been cleaned for a year, and there were a lot of dead branches and leaves, as well as a large area of weeds, so I thought about cleaning it up. On April 2, Master Wang, who was still hospitalized at Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center, recalled: "During the cleaning process, I did choke on the dust and coughed a few times. ”
When he got home, Master Wang had a dry cough and couldn't sleep well at night. On the third day, he found that he still had chest pain and fever, so he immediately rushed to Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center for treatment. After carefully inquiring about the condition, Shen Shimo, deputy chief physician of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the hospital, found from Master Wang's CT film that "small tree buds" had grown from his lungs.
"Because of the unusual shape, I suspect that the patient has fungal pneumonia. Shen Shimo told reporters that considering that the patient's lung infection had affected his respiratory function, and his blood oxygen saturation had dropped to 90%, he was admitted to the hospital.
In order to confirm the condition, Shen Shimo gave Master Wang a tracheoscopy and found that there was a large amount of white plaque on the wall of his airway. After laboratory tests, Shen Shimo confirmed that Master Wang was infected with Aspergillus. At present, after nebulization inhalation and antifungal treatment, the mold in Master Wang's body has been removed, the chest pain has been relieved, and the blood oxygen saturation has returned to normal.
Shen Shimo explained that mold likes a humid and warm environment, and the cemetery is not cleaned all year round, and a large number of fallen leaves cover the soil, and the temperature has warmed up to become a hotbed for mold growth.
At present, it is the time when the temperature warms up, and it is also the season for mold growth. Doctors also recommend that the elderly, young children and people with underlying diseases with low immunity should try to stay away from dust and less contact with damp and rotten soil during the tomb sweeping process, and it is best to wear a mask and wear long clothes and pants during the tomb sweeping process.
In addition, Qingming is in the wet and rainy season
The bugs enter the active phase
If you are away from home
Insect bites were found
Be careful once mishandled
In severe cases, it can even be fatal
Scrub insects are active, and they need to be careful when they go out to go out
recently
Ms. Huang from Dali, Nanhai District, Foshan City
Go to the mountains with your family to worship and sweep
Multiple organ damage after returning
It is reported that soon after Ms. Huang returned from the sacrifice, she had a recurrent fever, with a body temperature of up to 39.5 °C, accompanied by headache, chills, fatigue, and a red rash all over her body. During his stay in the local hospital, he continued to have a recurrent fever, his body temperature did not decrease, and he gradually developed dyspnea, and the results of blood tests showed obvious liver and kidney damage. The family felt that the situation was not right, so they quickly contacted and referred to the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Huagong (Nanhai Hospital) for treatment. After being hospitalized, Ms. Huang's dyspnea was still aggravating, and she was in a critical condition with acute kidney failure, respiratory failure, liver injury and other organ damage! The doctor inquired about Ms. Huang's medical history in detail, combined with her fever after the sacrifice, accompanied by rash, headache and fatigue, multiple lymph nodes in the armpits and groin, the disease progressed rapidly, and multiple organ damage occurred at the same time, and "scrub typhus" was highly suspected. But what is strange is that Ms. Huang did not find the "eschar" characteristic of scrub typhus. After discussing with the patient's family, the second-generation gene sequencing examination was performed, and 24 hours later, evidence of "scrub typhus oriental body" was found in the blood, and Ms. Huang was diagnosed with severe scrub typhus. Fortunately, under the careful treatment of Ms. Huang in the infectious disease department, her body temperature gradually dropped and her breathing difficulties gradually eased. The liver function and kidney function were also restored to normal after reexamination, and he escaped.
As the weather gets hotter, be alert to scrub typhus:
Scrub typhus is an acute natural infectious disease caused by the infection of humans by Rickettsia orientalisa carried by scrub worms.
In April, scrub insects were active in many places in Guangzhou
Starting in April every year, scrub insects also become active. In the past few years, there have been reports of scrub insects in many parks in Guangzhou, and you should pay more attention to it when you are outside. It is understood that the scrub typhus prone areas in Guangzhou are mainly distributed in Panyu, Conghua, Zengcheng and Haizhu District, where there are more green spaces.
▲恙虫
Speaking of scrub insects, there are also records in ancient books. "Customs and Customs" said: "Sick, poisonous insects, like to hurt people." The ancients lived in the grass and slept in the open, so they asked each other, and they would be said to be fine. Because the ancients mostly lived in grasslands and forests, they were easily injured by scrub insects, so they liked to greet each other with "don't come to harm".
Scrub typhus is characterized by high fever, accompanied by headache, chills and other symptoms, and the fever lasts for a long time, the longest of which is more than one month. Patients often have pneumonia, hepatitis, and heart and kidney damage at the same time, so the clinical manifestations are more complex, and they are often mistaken for cold and fever by the public, and neglect to seek medical attention or misdiagnosis.
Scrub typhus generally has mild symptoms, early and prompt treatment is effective, and death is rare. But if left untreated, scrub typhus can cause serious lesions such as myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, and pneumonia. If there are other underlying diseases or if the elderly delay treatment, the prognosis will be relatively poor, and there is even the possibility of fatality.
The vast majority of people with scrub typhus can find the eschar characteristic of scrub typhus, usually in hidden locations such as the armpits, groin, and vulva. The eschar is generally 0.5~1.5 cm in diameter, round or oval, and becomes a crater-shaped ulcer after falling off, with a protrusion in the middle and a smooth edge. It is worth mentioning that scrub bugs often bite on the soft skin of the human body, so even if they are bitten, they will not be so easy to detect.
▲ Eschar formed after being bitten by a scrub bug
Experts remind that scrub insects love to lurk in low-lying, damp and overgrown places, and should avoid going to the lawn in the morning and dusk after the rain in summer and autumn.
Protective tips
How to prevent scrub typhus? Experts advise as follows: 1. Scrub worms mainly inhabit grass or shrubs. In the more active Delhi scrub insects in Guangdong, the larvae and adults usually hide in the soil, and in the early morning and evening after rain, they will climb to the tips of the grass, and they should avoid staying in the grass and shrubs during these two periods, especially do not sit and lie down.
2. When in the field, it is best to tie the cuffs and trouser openings, and spray repellents containing dimethyl phthalate or DEET and other ingredients on the exposed skin and trouser legs, necklines or cuffs for protection. 3. After field activities, pat your clothes in time and shake off the attached scrub insects. Change clothes and take a bath, focusing on scrubbing soft skin areas such as armpits, waist, and perineum. 4. Those with a history of scrub insect bites or a history of outdoor activities should go to the infectious disease department for treatment as soon as possible and inform the doctor once they have suspected symptoms such as fever and eschar.
The onset of the disease is acute, and the clinical manifestations are diverse and complex, with symptoms such as high fever, toxemia, rash, eschar and lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. In addition, there are many complications, which can lead to multi-organ damage, such as toxic hepatitis, bronchopneumonia, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute renal failure, etc., and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening due to organ failure. However, the prognosis is generally good with timely diagnosis and symptomatic treatment.
When you go to the mountains, you can't pull out the tick bites
Recently, Wang Jian, director of the dermatology department of Liyuan Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, admitted a case of tick bite in the outpatient clinic. The patient, Mr. Zhou (pseudonym), went to the mountains to go green, and after returning home, he felt itchy on the outside of his right leg and stomach, and after a closer look, he found a small black spot on his skin, with a head and claws, and he was still moving slightly. He tried to pull it out with tweezers, but he couldn't pull it out, so he rushed to the hospital to deal with it.
▲Data map, source: CCTV News
"Fortunately, the patient did not pull out the worm directly!" Wang Jian said that it was a tick that bit Mr. Zhou, and after biting the human body, it will deeply root the mouthparts into the skin to suck blood, and at the same time spread pathogens, which may cause hemorrhagic fever, forest encephalitis, Lyme disease and other diseases.
April ~ October is also the season when ticks are common, ticks mainly carry viruses, and infection after the human body is bitten can cause cranial nerve reactions and bleeding symptoms, and in severe cases, it can be fatal.
Cai Songwu, deputy director of the Institute of Disinfection and Vector Biological Prevention and Control of the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that human bites from infected ticks can lead to 81 kinds of viral, 31 bacterial and 32 protozoal diseases such as spotted fever, Q fever, forest encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever. The neurotoxins secreted by the saliva of some ticks during the blood-sucking process can cause muscle paralysis and severe respiratory failure and death of the bitten person, which is called "tick paralysis".
Shen Hongyou, head of the emergency department of the Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Southern Medical University, said that when ticks do not suck blood, the smallest is as thin as a grain of rice, and after sucking up blood, the morphology changes, and it is the size of a soybean, or even larger. Ticks are mostly painless when stinging and sucking blood, but because the chelicerae and suboral plates pierce the host's skin at the same time, they can cause local congestion, edema, acute inflammatory reactions, and can also cause secondary infections.
▲Data map, source: CCTV News
After tick bites, edematous papules or small nodules, redness, swelling, blisters or ecchymosis, traces of insect bites in the center, general malaise, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea and other symptoms may appear clinically, which are easy to be confused with common febrile diseases such as colds in the early stage, and doctors often look for the cause when multi-system organ function damage such as kidney, lung, hematopoietic, and central nervous system occurs.
Ticks are divided into hard ticks and soft ticks. Once the tick is adsorbed on the host, it easily does not change places, sucks blood for a long time, and generally does not fall off. Soft ticks will take off and hide after sucking blood.
Doctor's introduction: If you "pull hard" after being bitten by a tick, it is easy for the mouthparts and head of the tick to remain in the body, resulting in pathogen infection. If you accidentally pinch the tick during the "hard pulling" and come into contact with the tick's body fluids, you may also be infected with the virus. Wang Jian suggested that you can use a cotton ball dipped in liquor or 75% alcohol, put it on the insect body for anesthesia, and wait for the tick to "get drunk" before gently taking it off.
Protective tips
1. If you find that the body part is bitten by a tick, you can use alcohol to stimulate it to detach, and try to avoid hitting it, so as not to stimulate the insect body and trigger the release of more toxins. 2. It is also necessary to avoid using tweezers to pull out or crush the insect body, which will easily cause the tick barb to remain in the skin. 3. If you feel unwell after going out, you should explain the travel situation when you seek medical treatment.