First, the test center is intensive
【Original text】Chirp and chirp, Mulan is a household weaving. I don't hear the sound of the machine, but I hear the sigh of the woman.
Sighs came one after another, and Mulan weaved against the door. I couldn't hear the loom weaving, only Mulan sighing.
【Test Center】
[chirp] sigh. [Analysis]"唧唧" (jī jī) is an onomatopoeia, also called onomatopoeia, that is, a word that simulates the sound of things. In the poem, it is used to express the sound of sighing. There is also an understanding of "chirp" as the sound of weaving.
[Complex] adverb, again, again.
[Danghu weaving] weaving cloth against the door. When: pronounced dāng, preposition, to introduce premises, in, towards. Comparison: In the text "Sun Quan's Persuasion", the "dang" in "dang tu is in charge" is a verb, which means "to be in charge". Weave: verb, to weave. "Danghu" is an adverbial in which a prepositional phrase is used as the verb "weave".
[The sound of a loom] 杼: Pronounced zhù, a shuttle for weaving cloth. [Analysis] machine: the shuttle of the loom, referring to the loom. Here we use the technique of borrowing, using parts to refer to the whole. Another example is "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "Slender and slender hands, Zaza make a machine." The translation is: Dancing soft white hands, the loom rattles non-stop. The word "machine" here also refers to a loom. "Jiji" can also be used as a metaphor for creative ideas, such as "The Biography of Wei Shu Zuying": "The article must be self-produced and become a family." The "self-emergent" here refers to creating new ideas by oneself.
but heard. Only: adverb, only. Smell: verb, to hear.
Ask the woman what she thinks, and ask the woman what she remembers. Women don't think about anything, and women don't remember.
Ask Mulan what she is thinking, ask Mulan what she is thinking? Mulan is not thinking about anything, nor is she thinking about anything.
【Test Center】
[Ask the girl what she thinks] Ask Mulan what she thinks. Who is the subject of "asking"? There are different understandings: one is that Mulan's mother or father asks her, and the other is that the narrator is asking, which is self-questioning and self-answering, and it is the rhetoric of questioning. Remember, verb, miss, remember.
[Remember] missing.
【Original text】I saw the military post last night, the Khan ordered the army, the military book was twelve volumes, and the scrolls had the name of the master.
Last night, I saw a conscription document that the Khan was conscripting troops on a large scale. There were so many conscription books, and each volume had my father's name on it.
【Test Center】
[Military post] a proclamation in the army. Tiě: pronounced tiě, noun, proclamation.
[Khan's Great Army] The Khan recruited troops on a large scale. Khan: Pronounced kè hán, the name given to the supreme ruler by the peoples of the ancient northwest region of the mainland. [Analysis] point soldiers: Recruit troops. "Point soldiers" can also refer to the review of the army, such as Xin Qiji's "Breaking the Array": "Autumn soldiers on the battlefield." It means "military parade on the battlefield in autumn".
[Military Books, 12 Volumes] The roster of conscription is many volumes. Military book: A document in the army, which here refers to the roster of conscription. Twelve: Indicates the majority, not the certainty.
Like "Grandpa" below, [Ye] refers to the father.
Grandpa has no eldest son, Mulan has no eldest brother, and he is willing to be a saddle horse for the city, and from now on he will fight for his grandfather.
Her father had no eldest son, and Mulan had no brother, so Mulan was willing to go to the bazaar to buy saddles and horses, and from now on she would go to war instead of her father.
【Test Center】
Like the "grandfather" below, it refers to the father. [Analysis]A: affix, prefix, used in front of the title of kin. As an affix, "A" is also used in front of the name, such as "Ameng" in "Sun Quan's Persuasion", which is to address Lü Meng.
[Willing to buy a saddle horse for the city] willing to buy a saddle horse for (this). For: preposition, for, followed by the object omitted. Market: Buy, go to the bazaar and buy. Saddle horse: Generally refers to horses and harnesses.
【Original text】Buy horses in the east market, saddle sheath in the west market, bridle in the south market, and long whip in the north market.
Prepare pommel horses and other equipment in various markets.
【Test Center】
[鞯 (jiān)] a cushion under the saddle.
[辔 (pèi) head] a chew and reins used to harness livestock.
These four sentences use intertextual rhetoric. Intertextuality, also known as mutual speech and mutual speech, is a rhetorical method commonly used in ancient poetry. The explanation of the ancients is: "Refer to each other's writings, and see righteousness together." It means that the context and the context refer to each other to form the meaning of the text, and only by combining the content before and after can its meaning be seen, that is, the context and meaning are intertwined, penetrated and complemented by each other, and the front and back together express a complete meaning. For example, in Wang Changling's "Out of the Stopper", "Qin Shi Mingyue Han Shi Pass", literally it means that "the moon of Qin Shi shines on the Great Wall of Han Shi", which obviously does not make sense, and the correct understanding should be "Qin and Han Dynasty Bright Moon Qin and Han Dynasty Pass".
The textbook does not indicate that the four lines of the poem, such as "buying horses in the east market", are intertextual, but it is pointed out in the "accumulation and expansion" later in the text that they are "intertwined and complementary". The literal meaning of the verse is: buy a horse in the east market, buy a saddle and a cushion under the saddle in the west market, buy a horse halter in the south market, and buy a long horsewhip in the north market. Such a literal translation obviously does not make sense. Do you have to go to the East Market to buy a horse? Can you only buy a saddle sheath in the West Market? No. The words "east", "west", "south", and "north" in the verses, each of which refers to "east, west, north and south", only omits the other three. And the "east, west, north and south markets" refer to the various markets.
Therefore, the meaning of these four verses after complementing each other is: go to the markets to buy horses, go to the markets to buy saddles, go to the markets to buy bridles, go to the markets to buy long whips, that is, go to the markets in the east, west, north and south, and buy horses, saddles, bridles, and whips. Therefore, these four verses can be translated as: Prepare saddle horses and other war equipment in various markets.
【Original text】When I leave my grandmother, I will stay by the Yellow River at dusk. I don't hear the voice of my grandmother calling her daughter, but I hear the splashing of the Yellow River.
The next morning, he left his parents and camped by the Yellow River at night, and he could not hear his parents calling for his daughter, only the sound of the Yellow River.
【Test Center】
[Dan] morning. Opposite to "twilight". "Dusk" means early and late.
〔溅溅〕读作jiān jiān象声词,水流声。
【Original text】Dan quit the Yellow River and go to the head of Black Mountain at dusk. I didn't hear the voice of the grandmother calling the girl, but I heard the chirping of Yanshan Hu Qi.
The next morning, I left the Yellow River and went on the road, and when I arrived at the head of Heishan in the evening, I could not hear the sound of my parents calling for my daughter, but could only hear the chirping of the Yanshan Hu soldiers and horses.
【Test Center】
[Black Mountain] and the "Yan (yān) Mountain" below were both mountain names in the north at that time. Yanshan: On the north side of the Hebei Plain, from the Chaobai River valley to Shanhaiguan.
[Hu Cavalry] the war horses of the Hu people. Hu: In ancient times, the name given to the ethnic groups of the northwest. Hu Qi, pronounced hú jì in ancient times and hú qí today, refers to the war horses of the Hu people.
[啾啾] is pronounced jiū jiū, onomatopoeia, the sound of a horse barking.
【Original text】Thousands of miles to the Rong plane, Guan Shan is like flying. Shuoqi spreads the golden watch, and the cold light shines on the iron coat. The general died in a hundred battles, and the strong man returned in ten years.
Traveling thousands of miles, throwing themselves into battle, flying over the mountains and mountains. The cold air of the north transmitted the sound of beating, and the cold moonlight reflected the armor of the warriors. The soldiers have experienced a hundred battles, some sacrificed their lives for the country, and some returned victoriously after many years of fighting.
【Test Center】
[Thousands of miles to the plane] traveled thousands of miles and joined the war. Go: verb, to run, to throw. Machine: War.
[Guan Shan Du Ruo Fei] like flying over the mountains of Guansai. Guanshan, Guansai Mountain. degree: verb, to cross. if: verb, as, like. [Analysis]"Guanshan Du Ruofei" is an inverted sentence, which belongs to the object preposition, "Guanshan" is an object, placed in front of the verb "degree", which is called object preposition, which should be translated in the order of modern Chinese, translated as "crossing the Guansai Mountain";
The cold air in the north transmits the sound of beating. Shuo, North. In ancient times, the army used it to cook during the day and use it to fight at night. 朔气: pronounced shuò qì, the cold air of the north. 金柝 (tuò): In ancient times, the army used to cook food during the day and to fight at night. This refers to the sound of beating.
[醫衣] armor (kǎi) armor, that is, the protective clothing worn by ancient soldiers, was mostly made of metal sheets.
[The general died in a hundred battles, and the strong man returned in ten years] The soldiers have experienced a hundred battles, some sacrificed their lives for the country, and some returned victoriously after many years of fighting. This is intertextuality, and it cannot be literally translated as: the general survives a hundred battles, and the strong man returns victoriously after ten years of fighting. Rather, it should be understood as: generals and strong men have fought for many years, experienced many battles, many died on the battlefield, and Mulan and other survivors returned victoriously.
【Original text】Return to see the Son of Heaven, the Son of Heaven sits in the Ming Hall. Twelve turns, rewards hundreds of strong.
After returning victoriously, he met the Son of Heaven, and the Son of Heaven sat in the court hall (on meritorious deeds). Remembering great merits for Mulan, he was rewarded with a lot of wealth.
【Test Center】
[The Son of Heaven] refers to the "khan" mentioned above.
〔明堂〕古代帝王举行大典的朝堂(funeral porridge)。
[Ce Xun Twelve Turns (zhuǎn)] Record great merits. Meritorious service: Meritorious service, recording meritorious service. Strategy: verb, record, register. Twelve turns: refers to great meritorious service, "twelve" is not a lot, not a definite reference; "turn" is read as zhuàn, and each level of honor is called a turn.
[Reward a hundred thousand] Reward a great deal of wealth. Hundreds of thousands: refers to a lot. Qiang: pronounced qiáng, adjective, more, more than enough.
【Original text】Khan asked what he wanted, Mulan didn't need Shang Shulang, he was willing to gallop thousands of miles and send his son back to his hometown.
The Son of Heaven asked Mulan what she wanted, and Mulan said that she didn't want to be a scholar, and hoped to ride a horse to send me back to my hometown.
【Test Center】
[Ask what you want] Ask (Mulan) what she wants. Want: The word "want" structure, the word "want" plus the verb, is a noun phrase that means "what you want".
[Shang Shulang] the official of Shangshu Province. Shangshu Province was the organ that managed state affairs in the ancient imperial court.
[Wishing to gallop a thousand miles] I hope to ride a thousand miles of horse. Gallop: Hurry up and run.
【Original text】The grandmother heard that the girl was coming, and Guo Xiang helped the general; the sister heard that the sister came, and the household took care of the red makeup; the younger brother heard that the sister came, sharpened the knife and Huo Huo to the pigs and sheep.
When the parents heard that their daughter had returned, they helped each other out of the city to greet her, the elder sister heard that her sister had returned, and dressed up at the door, and the younger brother heard that her sister had returned, and busily sharpened his knife and slaughtered pigs and sheep.
【Test Center】
[Guo] Outer City. "City" refers to the inner city. In ancient times, the city had an outer wall and an inner wall, and the outer wall was on the outside of the inner wall, which played a role in protecting the inner city. The area enclosed by the outer wall is the outer city, which is called "Guo", and the area enclosed by the inner wall is the inner city, which is called "cheng". The origin of the surname "Dongguo" comes from the location of the city. There are also examples in the textbook: (1) "Sending Friends" (Li Bai): Qingshan Hengbei Guo, white water around the east city. Translation: Green hills lie on the north side of the outer city, and white water surrounds the east city. (2) "Mulan Poem": When the grandmother heard that the girl was coming, she came out of Guo Xiang to help the general. Translation: When the parents heard that their daughter had returned, they helped each other out of the city to greet her. (3) "Nan'an Army" (Wen Tianxiang): The mountains and rivers are eternal, and the city is not for a while. Translation: Mountains and rivers will exist for eternity, but the city will temporarily fall into the hands of the enemy.
[Fu General] support.
[红makeup (zhuāng)] refers to a woman's flamboyant attire.
〔扶将〕扶持。 将：读作jiāng，动词，扶，搀扶。
[红makeup (zhuāng)] refers to a woman's flamboyant attire.
〔霍（huò）霍〕读作huò huò，象声词，磨刀的声音。
Open the door of my east pavilion and sit on my west pavilion bed. Take off my wartime robes and put on my old clothes. When the window is cloudy, the mirror is yellow.
The door of each room was opened, and they sat down, took off the battle robes they wore in battle, put on the clothes of the girls of the past, arranged their beautiful hair in front of the window and in the mirror, and put ornaments on their faces.
【Test Center】
[Open the door of my east room, sit on my west room] literally: open the door of my east house and sit on my bed in the west room. This is the use of intertextual rhetorical devices, what it wants to express is "open my east and west pavilion door, sit in my east and west pavilion bed", which means that every house opens the door to go in and see, sit.
〔著〕读作Z,穿,穿着.
[When the window is cloudy, the mirror is yellow] Arrange your beautiful hair in front of the window and in the mirror, and put ornaments on your face. Cloud sideburns: Sideburns like clouds, describing good-looking hair. Post, the same as "stick", paste. Hua Huang, a kind of facial ornament for ancient women. The intertextual rhetorical device is used here, literally, it means: combing the beautiful hair in front of the window, and pasting a beautiful flower yellow in the mirror, while the actual expression means: in front of the window, in front of the mirror, first the cloud temples, and then the applique yellow.
【Original text】When I went out to see the fire companion, the fire companion was all busy. has been together for 12 years, but I don't know that Mulan is a girl.
When I went out to see our partners who were fighting together, they were surprised, they had been together for many years, but they didn't know that Mulan was a woman.
【Test Center】
A companion in the army. At that time, it was stipulated that several soldiers ate on the same stove, so it was called "fire companion".
The word "frightened" means "surprised."
[12] It means many, not definitely.
【Original text】The male rabbit's feet are fluttering, the female rabbit's eyes are blurred;
The male rabbit's two front feet are constantly moving, and the female rabbit's eyes are often squinted, so it is easy to recognize. Male and female rabbits run side by side, how can you tell which is the male rabbit and which is the female rabbit?
【Test Center】
It is said that when the rabbit's ears are hung in the air, the two front feet of the male rabbit move from time to time, and the eyes of the female rabbit are often squinted, so it is easy to recognize. Fluttering, moving. Blurred, squinting.
[Twin rabbits walk on the ground, An can tell that I am male and female] male and female rabbits run close to the ground, how can they distinguish which is a male rabbit and which is a female rabbit? Walk: Run. The metaphor is used here, the metaphor is obvious in daily life, and it is very difficult to distinguish between men and women in the battlefield.
II. Focused Analysis
1. "Mulan Poem", also known as the Yuefu folk song of the period, selected from Guo Maoqian of the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with the Yuefu folk songs of the Han Dynasty, it is called " .
2. "Yuefu" was originally a government agency set up by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to control music.
3. "Mulan Poem" is a long poem that tells the story of the Mulan girl and warmly praises the woman's brave and kind qualities of protecting her family and defending the country.
4. This poem uses other rhetorical devices and has a strong artistic appeal.
5. "Shuo Qi spreads the golden watch, the cold light shines on the iron clothes", "When the window is cloudy, the mirror is yellow" are all rhetorical techniques used.
6. "Buy horses in the east market, saddle sheath in the west market, bridle in the south market, and long whip in the north market" uses the rhetorical device of harmony.
7. "The male rabbit's feet are fluttering, the female rabbit's eyes are blurred; the double rabbit walks on the ground, and An can distinguish that I am a male and a female" uses rhetorical devices.
8. In "Mulan Poems", it is first said that "the strong man returns in ten years", and then says "twelve years together", is Mulan in the army "ten years" or "twelve years"? Answer: It is neither ten years nor twelve years, and the "ten years" and "twelve years" here are both meanings, not, and the meanings expressed. There are similar sentences in the poem, such as,