Spring River Flower Moonlit Night
[Tang] Zhang Ruoxu
The tide of the spring river is even with the sea, and the bright moon on the sea is born together.
Thousands of miles with the waves, where there is no moon in the spring river!
The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlit flowers and forests are like hail.
The frost in the air does not fly, and the white sand on the Ting cannot be seen.
Jiangtian is colorless and dustless, and the lonely moon wheel in the bright sky.
Who first saw the moon on the riverside? When did the river moon shine at the beginning of the year?
Life has been infinite from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue looks similar every year.
I don't know who Jiang Yue treats, but I see the Yangtze River sending water.
白云一片去悠悠，青枫浦上不胜愁。
Who's going to be in the boat tonight? Where is the Acacia Mingyue Tower?
Poor upstairs wandering for the moon, should be taken away from the makeup mirror.
The jade curtain can't be rolled up, and the clothes are smashed and the anvil is returned.
At this time, we don't hear each other, and we are willing to shine on you month by month.
鸿雁长飞光不度，鱼龙潜跃水成文。
Last night, the dream of the idle pool fell, and the poor spring did not return home.
The river flows to the end of spring, and the moon falls in the river and the lake slopes westward.
The oblique moon sinks into the sea fog, and the stone Xiaoxiang has an infinite road.
I don't know how many people will return to the moon, and the falling moon will shake the river trees.
This poem was praised by Mr. Wen Yiduo as "the poem in the poem, the peak on the peak", and its author Zhang Ruoxu also won the reputation of "the lonely poem covering the whole Tang Dynasty" (or "the lonely article covering the whole Tang Dynasty") because of this poem. Because of his well-written poems, Zhang Ruoxu was well-known in Chang'an, the imperial capital. He and He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu, and Bao Rong were all born on the bank of the Yangtze River, and they were not formal and free by nature, so they were called the "Four Scholars of Wuzhong" in the Tang Dynasty. Although these four people are called together, Zhang Ruoxu's fame is far less than that of the other three, so that his deeds are rarely circulated, and most of his poems have been lost, leaving only two to be handed down, "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" is one of them.
First of all, the title of the poem is extremely beautiful. "Spring", "River", "Flower", "Moon" and "Night", any of these words is a beautiful picture, and this poem also revolves around these beautiful things. On a spring night, the poet walked alone by the river, a bright moon hung in the air, the river flowed quietly under the moonlight, and the spring flowers on both sides of the bank were like brocade. Faced with such a scene, Zhang Ruoxu's inspiration came to his heart like a spring, so he wrote down: "The tide of the spring river is even with the sea, and the bright moon on the sea is born together." Thousands of miles with the waves, where there is no moon in the spring river. "Can we imagine, if we are a poet, with a vast river in front of us, and a wide field of vision, how can we write this vast scene? Zhang Ruoxu's idea is to use the vastness of the sea to set off the grandeur of the river, and the tide and river are endless. At the end of the tide, a bright moon rises, and here the poet uses the word "sheng" to give life to the tide and the bright moon, and writes them alive at once. Under such a bright moon, the waves of the river are dyed with the light of the moon, dotted with stars, and stretch for thousands of miles with the river. This scenery can't help but make people sigh: Where is the spring river not caressed by the moonlight? Where there is a spring river, there is a bright moon, and where there is a bright moon and a spring river, there is this touching beauty!
Retracting his gaze and emotion from afar, looking at the nearby scenery, the poet wrote: "The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight flowers and forests are like hail." The frost in the air does not fly, and the white sand on the Ting cannot be seen. "Fangdian" refers to the countryside full of flowers and plants, the river flows zigzagly, like arms to embrace the flowers and plants, the flowers and plants are dyed with silver by the moonlight, as if just covered with a layer of crystal clear ice beads. The frost in the air and the white sand on the shore also blended with the moonlight, and everywhere as far as the eye could see, it was a soft silvery white.
Then, the two sentences "the river and the sky are free of fiber dust, and the lonely moon wheel in the bright sky" describes an almost transparent world, where the sky and water are connected, without a trace of dust, only a bright moon hangs high. The clear scenery always brings people clarity of mind and philosophical contemplation. Facing this round of bright moon, the poet couldn't help but ask himself: "Who first saw the moon on the riverside, and when did the river moon shine at the beginning of the year." Who first saw such a beautiful bright moon by the river, and when did the bright moon begin to shine on people? When our predecessors wrote about the eternity of nature and the transience of life, most of them were full of emotion. For example, in the ancient poem "Return to the Car and Driving Yanmai" in the Han Dynasty, it is said: "Life is not a golden stone, how can you live a long life?" And Zhang Ruoxu's answer was not low, he wrote: "Life has been infinite from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue looks similar every year. I don't know who Jiang Yue treats, but I see the Yangtze River sending water. "Although Jiang Yue is eternal and life is short, human existence is also continuous from generation to generation. Mingyue, who is similar every year, seems to be waiting for someone, but this person has never appeared. What accompanies it? Only the flowing river. This also happens to echo the word "lonely" in the "Lonely Moon Wheel" above, and at the same time sets the emotional tone for the following writing about the suffering of separation between men and women.
Such a beautiful scenery makes the poet think of the separation from his lover. "The white clouds are gone, and Qingfeng Pushang is not worried. Who's house is flat boat tonight, where is the acacia Mingyue Tower. The white clouds that go away leisurely symbolize the wanderer after leaving home, and the "flat boat" means that the wanderer is outside, like a small boat in the wind and waves, fluctuating. The ancients did not send us to the station like we do now, and they followed the car and ship for a long distance until the fork in the road before they officially separated. "Pu" refers to the confluence of rivers in ancient times, "Qingfengpu" should be the fork of the poet and his lover, and "Mingyue Tower" is the place where the woman misses the wanderer. The four images vividly show the wanderer's homecoming, the longing for the woman's return, and the reluctance to part at that time.
The poet's mind entered the boudoir with the moonlight, imagining what his beloved was doing at this time. "Poor upstairs Yue Pei Hui, should be taken away from the makeup mirror. The jade curtain can't be rolled up, and the clothes are smashed and the anvil is returned. Moonlight seemed to understand the woman's distress, and wandered on the boudoir unwilling to leave, wanting to be her companion. The moonlight enters the house and falls on the vanity mirrors, curtains, and anvils for pounding clothes. Although this bright moonlight is beautiful, it arouses the woman's more lovesick feelings. The moonlight "roll" can not be rolled, and the "whisk" can not be finished, and the scroll and flick not only write the moonlight's dependence, but also vividly depict the woman's expectation for the wanderer and the melancholy of waiting for a long time.
At the same time, Zhang Jiuling wrote a poem and said: "The moon is born on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time." Zhang Ruoxu also had a similar experience, and wrote in the poem: "At this time, we don't hear each other, and I am willing to shine on you month by month." The wild goose flies for a long time, and the fish and dragon dive into the water. Although they are located in two places, they are under the same bright moon, and the moon is the messenger, conveying the gaze of "we" looking at each other. However, even if we look at the bright moon together, we can't see each other. The poet only hopes to be accompanied by his lover in the form of a ray of moonlight, but the "professional" messengers, the wild goose and the fish dragon, cannot convey the message, let alone the people? In ancient times, it was very difficult for people to exchange letters, unlike the post office and express delivery that we have now, which are very convenient. At that time, the post stations were mostly used to report official news, and ordinary people mostly relied on their fellow villagers to carry the messages home, and the difficulty can be imagined. The Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin wrote a poem that said: "Songyun and Qinshu have been away for a long time, and Shuangli has a paper book." The "double carp" here does not refer to two carps eaten, but to a letter, a wooden sleeve for letters in ancient times, or carved into the shape of a fish or engraved with a pattern in the shape of a carp, called "carp letter". Not only can carp send letters, but so can wild geese. "Hanshu Su Wu Biography" records that Su Wu sent an envoy to the Xiongnu and was detained in Beihai for many years to herd sheep. After the Xiongnu made friends with the Han Dynasty, the Han envoys demanded that Su Wu be released, but the leader of the Xiongnu lied that Su Wu was dead. One day, when the Emperor of Han was hunting, he got a wild goose and found that it had a silk book tied to its feet, which read: Su Wu is next to the big lake in the north of the Xiongnu tribe. Since then, Hongyan has had the meaning of delivering letters. This poem uses the fact that the wild goose and the fish and dragon cannot deliver the letter, which sets off the sorrow of the poet and the woman who are lovesick and cannot be seen.
"Last night's idle pool dream fell into flowers, and the poor spring didn't return home. The river flows to the end of spring, and the moon falls in the river and the lake slopes westward. The oblique moon sinks into the sea fog, and the stone Xiaoxiang has an infinite road. I don't know how many people will return to the moon, and the falling moon will shake the river trees. Even when he fell asleep, this longing could not be resolved, and last night the poet dreamed of falling flowers floating in the waterhole of his home. Spring is almost over with the flowing river, but I don't know when I will be able to go home! At this time, the bright moon began to set in the west, and the night was about to pass again, and the thick sea fog filled the sky and the earth, and the moon sank into the fog and disappeared without a trace. From the bright moon "Gongchaosheng" to "Tibetan Sea Mist", the poet has been subjected to a sleepless night of lovesickness, and a new day is coming, but the distance from home is still far away, just like the Jieshi in the north is so far from Xiangshui in the south, I can't see where the end of the road is! I don't know how many wanderers who were outside yesterday returned home with the bright moonlight. The falling moon, with the poet's melancholy and longing, sprinkled its last light on the woods on both sides of the river.
Zhang Ruoxu's poem "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" in the deep and confusing artistic conception, writes his own philosophical thoughts and thoughts of the countryside into poetry and painting, expresses it over and over again, and renders it over and over again, so as to achieve the integration of emotion, scenery and reason.
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