Xiao Nian is a traditional festival in the mainland, also known as the Stove Festival, the Stove Festival, and the Stove King Festival. The date is different in different places, the 23rd day of the lunar month in the north and the 24th lunar month of the southern year.
The New Year means the beginning of the New Year, and although it is the coldest time of winter, everyone's heart is full of eager anticipation for the New Year.
When I was a child, I read the poem "Three Vertical Strokes" by the Song Dynasty writer Su Shi: one of them: a sick man on the lonely eastern slope, with a white beard and a frosty wind. The child mistakenly liked Zhu Yan here, and when he smiled, he knew that it was wine red. Second: The father and the elder are vying to see the black horn scarf, and Ying Yuan has been the official body. The three-fork intersection of the ancient road by the stream, the independent oblique sun is more than a few people. Third: the north ship is less than a pearl, drunk and depressed for half a month. Tomorrow, the owner will know the ritual stove, and the chicken will fight and drink.
In 1099, in the second year of Song Zhezong's Yuanfu, Su Shi was degraded from Huizhou, Guangdong to Danzhou, Hainan for more than two years, when he was 64 years old, and he was riddled with diseases, and was in the predicament of "eating no meat, living without a room, being sick without medicine, and having no friends". The day before the small year ceremony, he made "Three Vertical Strokes".
The poem describes Su Shi's living conditions in Danzhou, especially the state of mind of looking forward to the small year stove, waiting for the owner to slaughter chickens and barbecue, prepare fine wine, and get drunk. His brushstrokes are witty, subtle, and frank, which not only reflects Su Shi's ultra-relaxed realm and the characteristics of his comfortable tone, but also shows the optimism and open-mindedness he maintains in difficult situations.
So why is the title "Three Vertical Brushes", what does this have to do with Su Shi's poem "Longitudinal Brush" in Huizhou in the fourth year of Shaosheng in 1097.
On September 26, 1093, the eighth year of Yuan You, Empress Dowager Gao, who had been sheltering Su Shi, died. In June of the first year of Shaosheng in 1094, Zhang Dian, who was once a close friend of Su Shi, ordered Su Shi, who was appointed as the governor of Dingzhou, to be demoted to Huizhou. From September 26 of the first year of Shaosheng of the Northern Song Dynasty to Botou Town, Huizhou, to April 19 of the fourth year of Shaosheng, he left Huizhou and went to Danzhou.
In the past two years and eight months, Su Shi adjusted his mentality, paid attention to people's livelihood and well-being, placed his affection on natural landscapes, and created many pleasant articles. He had a profound impact on Huizhou, an impact that cannot be measured in time.
On February 14, 1097, Su Shi moved into the new residence of Baihefeng in Huizhou, which was the residence he personally built, the house sat east to west, the study was facing the Dongjiang River, and he planted two citrus plants in the courtyard, and the bamboo fence was wrapped around the outside of the residence, and Su Shi thought that he could die here.
However, after only two months of residence, he received an order to go as far as Hainan Island. There is a saying, that is, the poem "Longitudinal Brush" written by Su Shi at that time: "The white head is scattered and the frost is windy, and the small pavilion rattan bed is sick." In order to report the beauty of Mr. Spring's sleep, the Taoist lightly beat the fifth watch. ”
The tone of the poem "Longitudinal Pen" is humorous and witty, showing Su Shi's open-minded and optimistic attitude. In particular, the last two sentences vividly describe the scene of him taking a comfortable nap in the spring breeze and listening to the sound of the temple bells behind the room.
When the prime minister of the court, Zhang Dan, saw the two sentences "In order to report the beauty of Mr. Spring's sleep, the Taoist lightly beats the bell of the fifth watch," he said: "Oh! It turns out that Su Dongpo is living comfortably!" So he issued a new order to demote him to a farther place.
In this way, the poem "Longitudinal Pen" made Su Shi, who was over sixty years old, sent to Danzhou, a distant Hainan Island, by a lonely boat.
Then, Zhang Dian will see Su Shi's "Three Vertical Strokes". In 1100, in the third year of Yuanfu, Song Zhezong, who reused Zhangdun, died, and Song Huizong succeeded to the throne, and Zhang Dian was deposed, and Su Shi was pardoned and reinstated as Fenglang.
In 1106, Chongning four years Zhang Dian died in Muzhou, in 1135 Shaoxing five years Song Gaozong issued an edict to posthumously demote Zhang Dian as the deputy envoy of the Zhaohua Army, and ordered his descendants to never be able to appear in the imperial court, Zhang Dian was included in the "Biography of Traitorous Ministers" in the "History of the Song Dynasty".
And Su Shi became one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties", which can be called the representative of the highest achievements of Song Dynasty literature.
January 29, 2024, the nineteenth day of the lunar calendar, is the 987th anniversary of Su Shi's birth. In order to commemorate this great writer, Huizhou built the Dongpo Temple and the Huizhou Dongpo Memorial Hall next to the residence of Su Dongpo Baihefeng. These buildings can not only give people an in-depth understanding of Su Shi's culture and achievements, but also witness people's nostalgia and admiration for him.
On this special day, revisit Su Shi's "Longitudinal Brush" "3+1", and feel his open-minded and optimistic attitude and love of life. With this warmth and joy to welcome the arrival of the Year of the Dragon, Su Shi's cultural heritage will be passed on forever. Happy New Year to all!