26-year-old Mr. Jiang, 2 months ago, had no obvious cause, and had a layer of soybean-sized red bumps on his head, some of which were swollen, painful and itchy.
One week ago, Mr. Jiang felt that the pimples on his head had increased significantly compared to before, and his scalp was getting more and more itchy, so he came to the dermatology department of the hospital for treatment.
At the time of consultation, the physical examination showed that Mr. Jiang's head had scattered pustules, which were numerous and fused into patches.
During the consultation, I learned that Mr. Jiang drank very little water, his mouth was not dry or bitter, constipation, dry stools, red tongue, and pale moss, and he was finally diagnosed with folliculitis.
In view of Mr. Jiang's condition, the doctor prescribed oral antibiotics and topical antibiotic ointment for treatment, and advised him to avoid scratching the wound.
Doctor reminds: scalp folliculitis is a kind of inflammatory change around the mouth of the hair follicle invaded by pyococcus, folliculitis begins as a red full papule, and then rapidly develops into papular abscess, the abscess can be absorbed or broken by itself, crusted, and fallen off, generally without leaving scars, but repeated episodes of folliculitis may cause baldness, and some scalp folliculitis can appear in patches, boils or carbuncles, resulting in local cicatricial alopecia.
In life, hair is accompanied by us, and it looks very easy to take care of, but there are various small problems, some scalps love oil, some hair is dry, some hair falls out seriously, and some scalps have pimples and pus from time to time...... Three thousand hairs, each with its own troubles!
What kind of hair you have, the hair roots and hair shafts have the final say
Hair is a special tissue formed by keratinocytes of the epidermis, and from the perspective of tissue structure, hair is composed of three parts: hair shaft, hair root, and hair follicle.
The exposed part is the hair shaft, which is the visible strands of hair, which can no longer absorb nutrients from the human body after they grow.
The hair follicle is where the hair grows, and it is divided into two parts, the upper part is divided into the funnel part and the isthmus, and the lower part is the bulb part and the stem part.
The hair root is located under the epidermis, and its root is connected to a structure called the hair bulb in the lower part of the hair follicle, and the quality of the hair root determines the hair quality of the new hair.
Hair growth is not continuous, but cyclical.
Hair grows from the hair follicle to falls out, which is roughly divided into 4 stages, namely the growth phase, the decline phase, the telogen phase and the shedding phase.
If you have problems such as greasy hair and falling out, it may be related to seborrheic folliculitis and hair follicle atrophy.
There are always pimples and pustules on the scalp, and there are 4 diseases that are alert
01 folliculitis
Folliculitis, the inflammation of hair follicles, is a common dermatological condition because the entire hair follicle is infected and causes purulent inflammation.
It is generally divided into physiological factors and pathological factors, among which pathological factors may be bacterial infection, parasitic infection, fungal infection, and fungal scalp folliculitis is more common in Pityriasporum infection.
In the early stage of folliculitis, red papules can be seen on the hair follicles of the scalp, and hairs can be seen running through the center of the papules, often accompanied by itching.
If left uncontrolled in the early stages, the apex may rapidly suppurate to form a pus spot with redness and swelling of the surrounding scalp, after which the pus may break down and drain a small amount of pus, and in severe cases, pus and blood may occur, and pain may occur.
Scalp folliculitis is mainly treated with medication, and topical mupirocin ointment, ketoconazole cream, etc., can be applied according to the doctor's instructions.
In terms of dietary life, we should pay attention to avoid spicy, irritating, fried and greasy foods as much as possible, do not squeeze and irritate at ordinary times, pay attention to head hygiene, and avoid further aggravation of infection.
02 Seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp is more likely to occur in the parts of the sebaceous gland secretion, when the pores of the scalp secrete too much oil, it is easy to lead to clogged pores, acne, if the acne is broken, it is easy to cause dermatitis.
Seborrheic dermatitis of the head typically presents as a well-edged dull yellow, erythematous patch or maculopapular rash covered with greasy scales or crusts, and the perceived symptoms are varying degrees of pruritus.
Many people may have a misunderstanding that the scalp is oily because it is not cleaned enough, so they wash their hair every day, which leads to a shift in the balance of water and oil, and more and more sebum secretion.
When you slowly get used to the secretion of sebum, you will also have a self-feedback adjustment function, and after a period of time, the scalp will be free of oil, so you must avoid excessive washing, so as not to cause seborrheic dermatitis to become more and more serious.
In addition, patients should pay attention to their diet in life, such as eating less spicy and greasy food, and staying up late has a great impact on seborrheic dermatitis, which also needs to be avoided.
03 Scalp psoriasis
The head is a common site for psoriasis, which is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease that occurs on the scalp and is characterized by scattered or diffuse dark red plaques with well-defined borders, covered with relatively thick scales, and often itching.
Scalp psoriasis can be part of generalized psoriasis, or the scalp may be the only part of the patient that is affected.
Patients first present with patchy erythema, with the anterior hairline and ears being the most common sites, and the erythema is covered with small scales that stretch out and the hair is in a bundle.
Therefore, the judgment of psoriasis should pay attention to whether there are erythema, scales, and bundles.
Some people mistake seborrheic dermatitis for psoriasis, and the main difference between the two is bundles.
If the patient does not have bundles of hair, only light erythema, and a little scale, it is seborrheic dermatitis, so the patient should go to a professional hospital for diagnosis.
Scalp psoriasis can generally be treated with topical drugs, systemic drugs, biologics, phototherapy, balneotherapy, etc.
04 Tinea capitis
Tinea capitis is an infectious skin disease caused by fungal infection of the scalp and hair, which is divided into vitiligo, tinea nigra, jaxantis and pyophytium, and the pathogenic bacteria include Trichophyton xulanensis, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton purpurea, etc.
The main manifestations are white scales on the top of the head, inflammatory papules, hair loss, and some are prone to bacterial infection or permanent scarring, resulting in hair loss.
Tinea capitis is mainly acquired through infection, which can generally be divided into direct infection and indirect infection.
Tinea capitis can be transmitted through head-to-head contact with a person with tinea capitis or diseased animals, such as cats and dogs, such as when a child comes into contact with a pet with tinea capitis.
In addition, tinea capitis can also be infected indirectly, such as using combs, haircutting tools, hats and other items used by tinea capitis, or using bedding such as sheets and pillows contaminated by tinea capitis.
Do these 4 things well to take care of your scalp healthily
1. Don't pick your scalp
Whether you scratch or touch the scalp, it is easy for bacteria to run to the scalp, which can cause or aggravate acne infections, making acne red, swollen and painful.
If the acne or pustule in the scalp is severe, accompanied by pus, itching, pain and other symptoms that affect daily life, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time, and the doctor will clarify the specific condition before actively cooperating with the doctor for treatment.
2. Wash and condition your hair properly
Keeping your hair clean is key to keeping it healthy, but washing your hair isn't always better.
Oily hair needs to choose a shampoo that can remove excess oil, and individuals can decide the number of times to wash their hair according to the local environment, climate, etc., generally speaking, wash your hair 1~2 times a week.
The water temperature is best at 35~40°C when shampooing, too cold water can not effectively wash off the oil on the scalp, and too hot water will irritate the scalp and over-clean the oil, resulting in easy breakage or frizz after hair damage.
In addition, a small amount of conditioner can be added when shampooing to enhance hair health.
Because conditioner can make the surface of the hair smooth and moist, reduce the static electricity of the hair, make the hair slightly bulky, easy to comb, and increase the elasticity of the hair.
When using conditioner, you need to be careful not to apply it to the scalp, once the conditioner is applied to the scalp, it may cause clogged pores on the scalp and cause hair loss.
So, how to properly shampoo and nourish your hair?
- Rub shampoo into the palm of your hand with water until lather, or mix shampoo with water before use.
- Apply the foam within the hairline to allow the hair to soak up thoroughly.
- Gently scrub with your fingertips and rinse with lukewarm water to ensure that no foam remains.
- Apply conditioner 1~2 cm away from the scalp and wait for a while to rinse.
3. Avoid frequent perms
The main ingredient in the perm is that some chemical agents can damage the hair cuticle, causing dry and split ends, and it will also cause irritation to the scalp, which may cause inflammation of the hair follicles.
Some patients may be allergic to the chemical potions or dyes used in the perm process, which can easily cause uncomfortable symptoms such as scalp redness, swelling, itching, pain, etc., and may cause scalp erosion and oozing in severe cases.
In addition, frequent perming may also cause hair roots to loosen, making hair fall out easily, and in severe cases, hair follicles may be damaged or necrosis, resulting in hair loss and hair regrowth.
4. Eat a balanced diet
The daily diet should be balanced, eat more vitamin-rich fruits and vegetables, because the composition of hair is keratin or contains a variety of amino acids, trace elements, etc.
If there is a lack of trace element protein, the hair will turn yellow or split ends, you can usually eat more foods containing vitamin B6 and vitamin E, which can promote hair growth and prevent gray hair, such as peanuts, bananas, honey, eggs or animal liver.
If you want to nourish hair care, mainly vitamin A or iron foods, you can eat more animal liver, black sesame seeds, black beans, egg yolks, kelp, spinach, carrots, etc.
In addition, you should also pay attention to eating as little sweet, fried, spicy, and irritating foods as possible, such as fried chicken, chili, mustard, alcohol, etc.
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