Baoxuezhai began the interpretation of "Elephant" today.
Friendly reminder: This is a classic that must be read in conjunction with the Lianshan Yi Hexagram Qi Diagram 4,500 years ago, because the "Elephant" and the Hexagram Qi Diagram are essentially the time training and moon orders handed down before the Xia Dynasty. Among them, the Lianshan Yi hexagram is the image part of the Xia Dynasty's moon order, and "Elephant" is the text commentary of Zisi in the Warring States period for this hexagram map.
Lianshan Yi hexagram diagram
Any hexagram interpretation of "The Elephant" can be divided into four parts: hexagram painting, hexagram image, hexagram name, and time training (moon order).
For example, the first hexagram of "Zhou Yi" is interpreted like this in "Elephant".
"Tianxing, Jian", a gentleman is constantly striving for self-improvement. ”
䷀ is a hexagram painting corresponding to the small full solar terms in the diagram of the Lianshan Yi hexagram.
"Tianxing" is the hexagram of Qi.
"Jian (Qian)" is the hexagram name of Qi.
"A gentleman strives for self-improvement" is the training of the season, which is actually the monthly order of the small full season.
One by one, they are explained as follows.
The position of the hexagram on the hexagram diagram
1. Hexagrams
On the Lianshan Yi Hexagram Qi Diagram 4,500 years ago, the symbol of Qi corresponds to the Xiaoman season.
At the same time, it is also one of the twelve hexagrams on the hexagram diagram, and it is the bigram of the month of construction.
From the 12 diagrams, we can see that the 12 diagrams evenly distributed in the hexagram qi diagram just form a yin and yang taiji diagram, which perfectly reflects the growth and decline of yin and yang in a year.
The 12 hexagrams in the Taiji diagram
Among them, the month of the establishment of the hexagram is the Mengxia April when the yang energy is exhausted and the yin energy is hidden in the summer calendar.
The "Sayings" says:
巳, 巳也. In April, the yang energy is out, the yin energy is hidden, and all things are seen, and it becomes an article.
Coincidentally, this month of the construction of the hexagram is the time of the "dragon see" in the tradition of the moon order.
《左传》曰：“龙见而雩”。
Du pre-injected the clouds: "In the month of Jiansi, the body of Canglongsu sees the east in the dark, all things are prosperous, and the rain is big, so the sacrifice to the sky, and the rain is also prayed for the hundred valleys." ”
4,500 years ago, in the evening of Mengxia April, when the yang energy was exhausted and the yin energy was exhausted, Beidou's Doujian pointed to the southeast position, and the fire of the East Palace Qinglong was also in the high position, just like the flying dragon in the sky, it was the time when the ancients held a pheasant sacrifice to the star of agriculture and auspiciousness of Fangsu and prayed for rain for the hundred grains.
That's why we see dragons repeatedly mentioned in his epigrams.
This giant dragon is nothing else, it is the house house of the dragon horse of the moon of the construction of the "flying dragon in the sky".
2. Hexagram "Tianxing"
"Elephant" says that the hexagram of Qi is "Tianxing".
According to the style of the Elephant, all the hexagrams are regarded as a superposition of the upper and lower two trigrams.
For example, the upper hexagram symbolizes "heaven", and the lower hexagram ☰ symbolizes "ze", so it is called "upper heaven and lower world ☱".
Another example is that the lower hexagram symbolizes the sky, and the upper hexagram ☰ ☷ symbolizes the earth, so it is called "heaven and earth".
This also means that the author of "The Elephant" believes that all the hexagrams are made up of ☰ ☵ ☲ ☷ ☱ ☳ ☴ ☶ these eight trigrams in pairs.
The symbol is composed of two ☰ hexagrams, the upper and lower hexagrams. ☰ The symbol is "heaven". Wherever this symbol appears ☰, the Elephant is called "Heaven" without exception.
So, what is a "line"?
The "line" of Tianxing is a noun, read like the line of the bank, it means "Tao", and it can never be understood as the line of operation. The second volume of Wang Yinzhi's "Jingyi Shuwen" says:
"Erya" 'line, the way also', Tianxing is the way of heaven. "Jin Yu" "The year is in the beam, will set the heavens" Wei Zhao said "set, become also, line, the way, Yan Gong will become the way of the heavens", is the ancients said that the way of heaven is also the way of heaven. ”...... Tianxingjian, the terrain is kun, relatively literary, the sky is also healthy, and the earth is also pleasing to the ear. If it is interpreted as a running trip, it is not equivalent to the situation of the terrain. "The Legend of Gu Yi": "The end has a beginning, and the sky is also." "Peeling Biography": "The gentleman is still full of news, and the sky is also empty." "Fu Biography": "Repeat the way, seven days to repeat, heaven also." 'It's all called the way of heaven. ”
Tianxing is the way of heaven. In other words, in the eyes of the author of "The Elephant", the symbol symbolizes the way of heaven.
So, what exactly is the way of heaven, and why does the symbol symbolize the way of heaven?
It turns out that the way of heaven is the number of calendars.
"Shangshu Da Yu Mo" said:
"The calendar of the heavens is bowing down to you. ”
孔安国《传》云：“历数，谓天道也。 ”
If the way of heaven is still a relatively abstract thing, then the calendar is a celestial phenomenon visible to the naked eye.
The ancient word for the word "calendar" means celestial phenomena.
Calendar, like also. - "Sayings"
The so-called "celestial constant phenomenon", since the "calendar sun, moon and stars" in the era of Emperor Yao 4,500 years ago, all the hexagrams on the Lianshan Yi hexagram qi map correspond to the celestial phenomena of a fixed time!
Especially in the month of the construction of the hexagram, in the time of "the dragon sees and the goose", the dragon and horse house in the sky seen in the eyes of the ancients is the symbol of the way of heaven and heaven!
Fangsu Longma, because it is the time of the Dou Jian refers to ("Dou Gang built, the green dragon is built"), and it is the zodiac, the movement of the sun and the moon and the five stars are all passed through the house, since ancient times it has been regarded as the way of heaven, and it is also the standard star of the ancients to formulate the calendar.
The room is four tables. In the middle is Tianqu, which is also the Tianguan, and the ecliptic is also passed. If the seven rays are in the sky, the world will be peaceful. - "Jin Shu Astronomical Chronicles"
The history of the saints of the past, the luck of the Guanji, the trip of the three lights, the development of the road, the length of the scene, the construction of the fighting gang, the green dragon, the enlistment to change, the intricacies, and the system. —Chronicles of the Han Dynasty
The house and the heart are collectively called the Great Fire and the Great Chen, and can also be called "fire" or "Chen" alone. The merchants believed that it was the star of the ancestor of the merchants, and the Zhou people believed that it was the star of the ancestor of the Zhou people, the god of agriculture.
"Erya Shitian" cloud: "Dachen, the end of the house." The fire is called the Great Hour. ”
"Zuo Biography": "The fire, the star of the uncle, is also called the great chen." Chen is good, Houji is the phase, and Uncle Tang is sealed. ”
辰，房星，天时也。 —《说文》
This account of the ninth year of Xianggong (564 BC) in the Zuo Chuan clearly states that the Great Fire of Fangsu is the embodiment of the way of heaven.
"The Marquis of Jin asked Yu Shi weakly and said: 'I heard it, the Song disaster, so I know that there is a way of heaven, why?' and said: 'The ancient fire is positive, or eat in the heart, or eat in the heart, in order to get out of the inner fire, it is the reason why the fire is quail, and the heart is the fire. The fire of the Tao Tang clan is in the middle of the earth, living in Shangqiu, worshipping the fire, and the fire is timely. Because of this, the merchant owner caught fire. The provocation of the merchant reading his woe will begin with fire. It is known that it has the way of heaven.
It can be seen that the author of "Elephant" refers to the hexagram of "Tianxing", which is actually a symbol of the way of heaven in the dragon horse house.
3. 卦名 "Ken"
"Elephant" names the hexagram as "Jian", which is different from the "Qian" in the popular version and the "key" in the silk book.
In fact, we said that the hexagram name given to him by the author of "Zhou Yi" is "Jian", which is the original character of "key" and "jian", and has both Doujian, Jianxing, Jianxing, Yuejian, Jianjian, Jianjian, Jianyuan...... And so on and so forth.
However, "Elephant" takes a single word "Jian" to interpret from the multiple meanings of the hexagram "Jian", which can be described as well-intentioned!
Because of the word "Jian", it not only accurately summarizes the robust characteristics of the hexagram, but also breaks through the operating characteristics of Tianxing in one sentence!
Fangsu Ryoma, as the embodiment of Tianxing (Heavenly Dao), its operation is repeated, and it can be summed up in one word as "Fu"!
Warring States Chu Jian's "Hengxian" said:
The way of heaven is contained, and the only one is one, and only the restoration is the same. ...... Tomorrow and tomorrow, only to restore and not to waste.
There is a "Fu" hexagram in "Zhou Yi", which also reads "Repeat the way, repeat it in seven days!"
Coincidentally, the original word "Jian" also has the meaning of repeating!
The word "building" in the idiom "building from a high house" means to overturn downward, repeatedly, and "repeatedly", such as:
Dry all day long, repeatedly. - "Little Elephant: Qiangua"
Tianxing is repeated, and the health is endless, so it is called "Jian (Jian)", which can be described as a thousand words.
Fourth, the training of the time "a gentleman to self-improvement"
The hexagram is the hexagram of Mengxia in April, and "the gentleman is constantly striving for self-improvement" is actually the time training in April, also called the monthly order and the time example.
The "Monthly Order" contains:
The Moon of Mengxia...... It is the moon, the beginning of the Son of Heaven. Ordered Ye Yu to travel to the fields and persuade the people for the Son of Heaven, so as not to lose time. Ordered Situ to patrol the county, ordered the farmers to work hard, and did not rest in the capital.
It can be seen that the month of Mengxia is the busy season of farming, and the Son of Heaven must order Yeyu to "work hard to persuade the people", and Situ to "order the farmers to work".
Coincidentally, the "strong" of "unremitting self-improvement" is the meaning of "reluctance" and "persuasion", and it is also the meaning of "health"!
Reluctantly, strongly. - "Sayings"
Persuade, reluctantly. - "Sayings"
Strong, healthy also. - "Guangyun"
In the Mengxia April of Doujian's throne, the Son of Heaven saw the celestial phenomenon of the flying dragon in the sky, and saw the hexagram on the hexagram diagram that represented the heavens.
The word "self-improvement" highlights the requirements of a gentleman for himself, and it is an allusion from the "Book of Rites".
The "Xue Ji" of the "Book of Rites" is a representative work of the Zisi school, which reads:
Although there are delicacies, Buddha food does not know its purpose, although there is a supreme way, Buddha does not know its goodness. It is to learn and then know the insufficiency, and teach and then know the difficulty. Knowing the insufficiency, then being able to self-reflect, knowing the difficulty, and then being able to improve themselves. Therefore, it is said that teaching and learning are also mutually beneficial. "Redemption" said: "Half of learning." What does that mean?
What is proposed in the article is "teach and then know the difficulty" and "know the difficulty and then be able to improve yourself".
In other words, the premise of "self-improvement" is to "teach".
"Shuo Wen" said: "Teaching, what is given by the top, and what is done by the bottom." ”
For the Son of Heaven, whether it is "working peasants to persuade the people" or "ordering farmers to work", if you want to achieve a good effect of education, of course, you still have to rely on yourself to take the lead, so that you can go up and down.
Therefore, the gentleman's "self-improvement" actually means that the Son of Heaven should follow the monthly order, and use his own "self-improvement" action to imitate the Donggong Qinglong, who is flying in the sky and traveling around the world, in order to achieve the educational purpose of "labor and peasants to persuade the people".
The word "endless" is Zisi's further in-depth interpretation of the hexagram name "Jian".
Zisi also emphasized the meaning of "endlessly" in "The Mean":
Therefore, sincerity is endless, non-stop is long, long-term is long, long-term is long-term, long-term is broad, and broad-mindedness is wise. Bo Hou, so the load, Clever, so covered, long-standing, so the things also. Broad and thick with the land, smart with the sky, long and boundless. In this way, it is not seen, it does not move, it changes, and it becomes inaction.
This passage is so similar to "The Elephant".
In fact, Zisi is the real author of "The Elephant" and "The Mean".
He is also the true author of the "Zhou Yi" scripture.