On the 19th day of December in the third year of Jingyou in the Northern Song Dynasty (7 o'clock on January 8, 1037 AD), in Meishan, Sichuan, a baby fell to the ground, and even his parents could never have imagined that a unique all-round talent in the history of mankind was born.
This baby is Su Shi Su Dongpo!
Su Shi learned throughout Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, attainments in literature, calligraphy, painting, water conservancy engineering, winemaking, food, medicine, where he is interested in a little dabbling, he will become a master. As the culmination of Chinese traditional culture, it has also proudly become an unattainable Mount Everest on the plateau of Chinese traditional culture. Lin Yutang summed up him as "a great writer, a great calligrapher, an innovative painter, a wine-making experimenter, and an engineer".
Su Shi's career has been bumpy and ups and downs, he has traveled north to Dingzhou, south to Danzhou, east to Dengzhou, west to Fengxiang, and has traveled around almost the entire territory of the Great Song Dynasty. On the way to the political side or the degraded poverty, he often tossed and turned between his love for the people and the settlement of the house, either to build embankments, divert water, build pavilions and pavilions for the public, or to build houses for himself, and he was a natural engineer. It can be said that Su Shi has a deep construction complex.
As the saying goes, those who have constant production have perseverance. This is also the same for Su Shi. After Su Shi and Su Zhe brothers entered high school, they returned to their hometown in Sichuan to mourn their mother, and then returned to Beijing with their old father Su Xun and their families. First, he rented a house in Xigang to live in, and after not living long, he bought another yard next to Yiqiu Gate and named it "South Garden". This also opened his way to rise and fall and build all the way on the eunuch road.
Su Shi, who was a high school scholar at the age of 21, was far ahead in the subject examination, and was the side-eyer of Shilin for a while, and he was famous all over the world. In November of the sixth year of Jiayou (1061), Su Shi, who was proud of his talents and high spirits, embarked on the first stop of his career, serving as a judge of Dali and signing the Fengxiang Mansion Jiedu Judge (Zheng Bapin), and had the right to sign official documents to assist the prefect in handling daily affairs. After a few months of settling down in all aspects of Fengxiang, Su Shi began to try his hand at his residence carefully. He built a small pavilion in the open space north of the hall, and dug a pond about three feet long in front of the pavilion, and a small bridge on the pond led directly to the hall. The north side of the hall is a curved window that can be overlooked, and the south side is a long corridor that communicates with the front hall, and a small pond is dug on both sides of the corridor to grow lotus and raise fish. Various fruit trees such as apricots, pears, cherries, and pomegranates are planted on the side of the pond, as well as trees such as pine, willow, and locust, and a cluster of peony flowers is also planted in the north of the pond. After the reconstruction, Su Shi wrote a poem to commemorate: "There is no hometown after three years, and it is also busy planting trees and passing through the pond." "He thought it was funny that he could only stay here for three years at most, and he worked so hard to run it. Since then, building and tidying up the home has always been a big hobby in Su Shi's life, no matter where he goes, what the conditions are, even if it is simple because of ugliness, he must always try to improve his living environment, maybe only people who love life can do so.
But Su Shi was not only not enthusiastic about the construction of the chief, but also used to be sneering. Su Shi's second prefect, Chen Xiliang, is also a native of Meishan, Sichuan, and the Chen and Su families have been friends for several generations. Chen Xiliang was born in Jinshi, speaks categorically, does things vigorously, is strict with his subordinates, shows no mercy, and does not smile in life. Every time Su Shi drafted a manuscript, Chen Xiliang had to return it many times, and let it be revised repeatedly before it was reluctantly passed. This is very embarrassing for Su Shi, who has a bold personality, is informal, and is known for writing splendid articles. Some officials privately called Su Shi "Su Xianliang" because he received the third class for participating in the "virtuous and square, outspoken, and extremely admonished" system, and admired his talent and temperament. Unexpectedly, Chen Xiliang was furious when he learned about this trivial matter: "A small court judge, what kind of virtuous man is deserved?" and scolded those officials, Su Shi was naturally very unhappy.
In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), Chen Xiliang built a viewing platform in the east and north of the city, named Lingxu Terrace, in order to climb high and look far away, and specially told Su Shi to make a monument. Su Shi finally waited for the opportunity, in the article across the ancient and modern, talking about the truth of prosperity and destruction, listing Qin Mugong's New Year's Prayer Palace, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's Changyang Palace, the Tang Dynasty's Jiucheng Palace and other royal palaces have disappeared after hundreds of years, in order to ridicule Chen Zhifu and embarrass him, such as "The waste of things is ruined, and it cannot be known", "Futai is still not enough to be afraid for a long time, and the situation is the loss of personnel, and the people who come and go suddenly!" This is the hand-me-down work "The Story of Lingxutai". Who knew that after Chen Xiliang read the inscription, he behaved generously, not only did not change a word about Su Shi's strange article, but also ordered someone to immediately erect a stone monument. Su Shi was surprised and ashamed. In fact, Chen Xiliang's treatment of Su Shi like this is completely due to the good intentions of the elders to the younger generations. He felt that Su Shi was young and talented, and it was bound to be detrimental to his future growth, so he deliberately frustrated his arrogance and tempered his temperament. Since then, their relationship has been harmonious, and they have become best friends with Chen Xiliang's son Chen Yu, and the friendship has lasted a lifetime. 18 years later, Su Shi was invited by Chen Yu to write "The Biography of Chen Gongbi" and finally introspect: "Young and vigorous, stupid and stupid, repeatedly disputed with the public, in the form of words, and regretted it." ”
In the seventh year of Shenzong Xining (1074), Su Shi's term of office in Hangzhou expired. Because Su Zhe was the secretary of Qizhou (promoted to Jinan Mansion during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty), he petitioned the imperial court to transfer to Shandong so that he could have more contact with his younger brother nearby. Because of his outstanding achievements, he was promoted, and in September, he was edicted to Chao Fenglang, a member of the Shangshu Temple, and Dr. Taichang Zhishi Museum Quan Zhishu Mizhou Military State Affairs, and Cavalry Captain (Zheng Liupin), and arrived in November.
When I first arrived in Mizhou (now Zhucheng), there was a severe drought, locust plagues, coupled with the coercion of the government and officials, thieves were rampant, and the people were displaced and had no food and clothing. On the one hand, Su Shi sent a letter to the emperor and the central center asking for support for reducing taxes, and on the other hand, he actively organized the people to drive out locusts and burn them and bury them, and formulated incentives for exterminating locusts; studied theft cases in detail and offered rewards for arrest; encouraged the adoption of abandoned babies and distributed six buckets of grain every month; and resisted harsh government and practical methods. A year later, people's livelihood changed dramatically, and abandoned babies were extinct.
In August of the eighth year of Xining (1075), Su Shi began to renovate the dilapidated official residence and a barren garden on the west side of the state government. Su Shi also found an abandoned city platform on the northwest city wall of the park, which is a square bucket-shaped platform, although the pavilion is dilapidated, but the terrain is high. Standing on the platform, looking around, the field of vision is broad, there are beautiful scenery in the south of the city, there are the Barrier Sun Mountain in the east, the Fuqi River in the west, the Weishui in the north, the endless plain is dotted with villages, at a glance, it makes people open-minded, relaxed.
Su Shi saw that this platform was far away from the mountains and near the water, the scenery was pleasant, and it was really an excellent place to visit in the city, but it was rarely visited because of its dilapidation. He sent people to chisel the stones of the horse ear and Changshan, and gathered to repair the north platform manually. Taige was newly formed, and Su Shi sent a letter to Su Zhe and asked him to name Taiwan.
Su Zhe and Su Shi hadn't seen each other for six years, and they hurriedly read the letter. Su Shi said in the letter: Now Mizhou is a little stable, but there is no place to relax. Whenever I see colleagues, friends and people, there is no place to relax and entertain, and I am saddened by it. To this end, I made use of the "abandoned platform" of the north city wall of Mizhou, that is, the north platform, to build a new platform that is high and safe, deep and bright, warm in winter and cool in summer, and enjoyed visiting with the ministers, and the people also applauded it. What should be the appropriate name for this station?
Since Su Shi entered the eunuch journey, especially from the center of the court to the local government, he has experienced multiple blows in his life, and has been squeezed out by those in power, and everything has not gone well. Although it is a promotion to work in Mizhou, it is located in a remote area and the living conditions are difficult, which is very different from Hangzhou. For more than a year, political affairs have been complicated, which has made him tired and anxious. In addition, in the past few years, he has experienced the pain of losing his mother, wife, and father. The scholars of the world are running on the field of right and wrong, floating and sinking in the sea of honor and disgrace, frivolous and impetuous. However, the master felt sorry for them. Isn't the difference between the two the reason for whether or not he can transcend the outside world? Su Zhe was well aware of his brother's character and situation, so he quoted Lao Tzu's literary meaning of "although there is a view of glory, Yan is transcendent", and named Gaotai Chaoran Tai to show that he is invincible and detached from the world, and is intended to comfort his brother to be detached from the world and optimistic about his fate. Su Zhe poured ink and pen on what he thought, and wrote the "Transcendent Taifu" that has been handed down to this day.
Su Shi received a letter from Su Zhe, and when he saw the word "transcendent", he was full of praise, and he stroked his hair excitedly and laughed: "Those who know me, Zi Yuye!"
After reading "Transcendent Taifu", Su Shi was still unsatisfied, studied ink and took the pen and paper, and a "Transcendent Taiji" was waved away, and the finishing touch at the end pointed out: My younger brother Su Zhe named "Transcendent Tai", which shows that the reason why I am happy everywhere is probably that my heart can transcend things!
Su Shi's handwritten "Transcendent Terrace" is hung above the middle of the platform as a plaque. Since then, there have been endless people on the transcendent stage, climbing high and looking far away, bringing supreme spiritual pleasure to the people on the stage.
Su Shi later belittled Huangzhou and the more distant Danzhou of Huizhou, and has always been able to enjoy himself, transcendent and open, in the small and limited space that belongs to him, feel the joy of life, the reason and source are inseparable from the transcendent spirit he raised when he was in Mizhou. Obeying the heavens, not being happy with things, not being sad with oneself, this was originally the quality of the Chinese literati who worked hard from generation to generation, but when they came to Su Shi, their hearts were even more filled.
On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival in the ninth year of Xining (1076), Su Shi drank and admired the moon in Chaoran Terrace. Although Qizhou and Mizhou are not far apart, by accident, the two brothers have not had the opportunity to see each other for two years. Every festive season, Su Shi looked at Qizhou from afar and missed his younger brother Su Zhe. In the face of the beautiful scenery of the good day, he was full of emotion, and with the intention of wine, he wrote a masterpiece that was recited for hundreds of generations, which can be called a masterpiece "When is the Bright Moon": "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is cloudy and sunny. This matter is difficult to complete, I hope that people will last a long time, thousands of miles together Chanjuan", the preface of the word said "Bingchen Mid-Autumn Festival, drink Dadan, drunk, make this article, and conceive a child." As Lin Yutang said: "After this poem is written, it is not a pity to discard other words with the theme of the Mid-Autumn Festival."
Through these poems, the transcendental platform became famous, and Sima Guang, Wen Tong, Zhang Lei, Li Qingchen and other famous ministers of the government and the opposition were all on the transcendent stage to sing and echo, and excellent works were frequently produced.
At the end of the ninth year of Xining (1076), Su Shi was transferred from Mizhou by the imperial court. It was already the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085) when he returned to Chaorantai, when he went to Dengzhou to take up his post and made a special detour to Mizhou. At that time, Huo Xiang, the governor of Mizhou, held a banquet and entertained him on the transcendent platform, looking at the transcendent platform he built, and now the host has become a guest, it is estimated that Su Shi will inevitably have the vicissitudes of the world and the feelings of things and people. After the people learned about it, they also "came back to my father and the old and liked me, and helped the old and the young to chase each other", people who have the people in their hearts, and the people naturally have a lofty position in their hearts, and this deep affection also deeply touched Su Shi.
Since the completion of the transcendent platform, after the erosion of wind and rain, it has been repaired a total of 16 times in successive dynasties. Repeatedly repaired and broken, repaired Taiwan records, poems, images, poems, Fu, etc. are mostly lost, and it is even more regrettable that the "transcendent platform" carved stone in Su Shi's handwriting is also unknown. In 2009, Zhucheng rebuilt Chaoran Terrace.
The transcendent platform not only records Su Shi's feelings for the people when he was in Mizhou, but also witnesses the philosophy and brotherhood of Su Shi's brothers. Today, people can also feel the transcendent perception of life by climbing the transcendent platform, and understand that life is good or bad, and we must have an optimistic attitude!
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Cao Shen was the first Qi Xiang, and saw that the war caused the people to be bored, and asked the elders and Confucian scholars all over the country to seek a policy of governing the country. Cao Shen admired his views very much, and gave up the main hall to Gai Gongzhu, and used his words to govern Qi. Xining changed the law to implement a new policy, eager for quick success and quick profit, and did not hesitate to punish the law harshly. Su Shi's self-hatred is not in a high position, and it is irretrievable. He longed for the rule of Huang Lao, deeply felt the importance of "resting with the people", and built a gathering hall in the north of the Yellow Hall, which was called "Gai Gong Tang", and wrote "Gai Gong Tang".
Perhaps it was the beautiful scenery of Mizhou, or perhaps the joyful mood of landing on the transcendent platform for the first time as a local administrator, which stimulated Su Shi's creative enthusiasm. During this period, his creative career reached a peak, and in just two years, the number of hand-me-down poems not only reached an astonishing 200, but also the quality was excellent. He left behind masterpieces such as "Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting", "Transcendental Table", "Jiangchengzi Yimao First Month Twentieth Night Dream", "Wangjiangnan, Deng Transcendental Stage" and other masterpieces, all of which are Chinese poetry masterpieces. In particular, "Water Tune Song Head" has been sought after and worshiped by literati and writers of all dynasties. Hu Zai, a Song man, commented in "Tiaoxi Yugai Cong Words" that "the Mid-Autumn Festival lyrics came out from Su Shi's "Water Tune Song Head", and the rest of the words were wasted", which shows its status in Chinese poetry.
In April of the tenth year of Xining (1077), Su Shi arrived as the governor of Xuzhou.
On 17 July, the Yellow River burst at Cao Village, Danzhou, 50 miles north of Xuzhou, and 45 prefectures and counties along the way were tragically submerged. Coupled with the continuous rainstorm, in September, the water was two feet deep and eight feet, and the water surrounded Xuzhou, and the people in the city were all panicked. Su Shi persuaded the wealthy families who took refuge in the city, and led the people to work day and night to rescue and block the water, build embankments and repair the city, and pass through the door of their homes for many days without entering. At the moment of crisis when the flood was rising rapidly, Su Shi rushed to the southeast embankment in short clothes and shirtless, waved tools, and strengthened the embankment with the young and middle-aged people in the city to fight the flood and provide disaster relief. That is to say, once the embankment collapses, he will be like the king of the eastern county of the Han Dynasty, and block the water with his body. Su Shi personally designed and calculated the waterproofing project, and thousands of people were needed to build a 9,840-foot-long, 10-foot-high, and 20-foot-thick embankment. He immediately rushed to the Wuwei military camp and asked the soldiers to help fight the flood. According to the system of the Song Dynasty, Zhizhou did not have the right to mobilize the forbidden army, which was directly commanded by the emperor. Su Shi said to the commander: "The river will harm the city, and the matter is urgent, although the army is forbidden, do your best for me." Seeing that Su Shi was covered in mud, the commander was deeply moved by his spirit, and was willing to fight side by side with him, agreeing to transfer thousands of forbidden troops to rush to the front line of flood control with Su Shi to consolidate the embankment.
On the fifth day of October, the Yellow River finally returned to its old waterway, and Xuzhou, which had been surrounded by floods for 45 days, was finally relieved, the flood was subsided, and the people were joyfully thankful for being saved. In order to prevent trouble, Su Shi went to the imperial court again, asking for exemption from Xuzhou's taxes, and allocating money and grain, building embankments to repair the city, and building a strong embankment in the southeast of the city in August of the following year to strengthen the city wall. In order to commemorate his exploits, later generations named the causeway "Su Causeway". The emperor issued a decree commending Su Shi's contribution to fighting the flood and protecting the city, and praised him: "I personally led the officials, drove the soldiers, rescued the city wall, and made a city with teeth, and warehoused and housed, so as to avoid the harm of drifting." The messenger has spoken repeatedly, and I am very pleasing to him. ”
In order to commemorate the victory of the flood fight, Su Shi built a two-storey building at the east gate of the city to block the water, and named it "Yellow Building" (the building is covered with yellow mud outside, and the meaning of the five elements is to overcome the soil and water, and the soil is yellow)". In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), a grand inauguration ceremony was held on the ninth day of September, and the people of the whole city celebrated together, and more than 30 celebrities and scholars such as Su Zhe, Qin Guan, and Chen Shidao were invited to write poems to celebrate. Su Shi also felt a lot of emotion and wrote "Nine Days of Yellow Mansion" to record this extraordinary experience. Su Shi named these masterpieces "Yellow Mansion Collection". Su Zhe's "Huang Lou Fu" is scattered and combined, the scenes are blended, the literary style is flying, and Su Shi Shudan is engraved with a tablet.
In the second year, Su Shi recalled in the poem: "Last year, Chongyang could not be said, and Nancheng was half a thousand at night. The water thundered through the city, and the mud covered the city with rain and slippery. No one asked about the yellow flower liquor, and returned to wash the boots and socks at dusk. I don't know that there will be another year, and I will take a sip of the flowers. Don't think that the wine is thin and red and powdery, and the shovel in the mud will win in the end. "It's a blessing for the rest of my life to be able to drink to flowers this year.
Later, the party disaster occurred, the edict destroyed the inscription of Su Shi in the world, the county guard at that time could not bear to destroy, and the stele stone sank to the bottom of the city, and the building was named "Guanfeng". By the end of Xuanhe, the ban had gradually relaxed, and the wealthy did not hesitate to spend money to buy Su Shi's ink, even if the rubbing was very valuable. However, the stele is still alive, and the price is always not high. At that time, Miao Zhong was the governor of Xuzhou, he sent someone to fish out the stele of "Huanglou Fu" from the bottom of the water, hired workers to rub it day and night, and got thousands of rubbings. People knew that this stone had been destroyed, and the price of rubbing naturally skyrocketed, so he sold Motuo at a high price and made a fortune.
Time flies, the stars change, the embankment built by Su Shi to fight the flood is long gone, but there is an additional thoroughfare called "Su Causeway" in Xuzhou City. For more than 1,000 years, "Yellow House Playing with the Moon" is one of the eight views of ancient Xu. The Yellow House has been rebuilt and is still standing today. Su Shi's flood fighting feat fully demonstrated his love for the people and people-oriented thinking, and his spirit of relieving the people and having the courage to take responsibility has also won the memory of the people of Xuzhou for generations. "There are so many officials in Gupeng Prefecture, and only Su Gong is missed through the ages", which is the so-called "after the political voice is gone, the public opinion is chatting". There is a poem in the Yellow Building, which says: "The clear water and soft waves are not full of the kindness of the people; This couplet deeply expresses the nostalgia and admiration of the people of Xuzhou for Su Shi.
On December 28 of the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), the "Wutai Poetry Case" was finalized, and Su Shi was released from prison. "On the first day of the first month of the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), in the reunion season of ten thousand families, Su Shi had to be forced to leave Bianjing with his eldest son Su Mai in a miserable and cold silence. The road is far away, and the road ahead is boundless, Su Shi has to bear the double blow of physical and psychological.
On February 1, Su Shi arrived in Huangzhou. According to the rules of the imperial court, a criminal official like Su Shi was not entitled to the residence provided by the government. Before the arrival of the family, they first lived in the monk's house of Dinghui Temple. In May, Su Zhe sent a family of more than a dozen people to arrive, and was accommodated by the governor of Huangzhou and arranged to live in Lingao Pavilion temporarily. It was a small riverside inn, very simple, not only humid and stuffy, but also crowded, and it was impossible to arrange it for friends to come. But Su Shi said that this is a Wangjiang room, and you can see Jiang Fan from sitting on the couch.
Su Shi's in-laws, Fan Zifeng, often wrote to comfort him, and once told him in detail about a newly built mansion he had built. Although his heart was a little sour, but he immediately smiled, feeling that life is short, don't care too much about gains and losses, and if you come, you will be safe, maybe God treats the down-and-out people like this, it is a test of his own will, so he improvised a short essay to express his will: "Lingao Pavilion is not dozens of steps, it is the big river, half of it is Emei snow water, I eat and bathe, why go home! Hearing Fan Zifeng's new garden pool, which is better than this, there are no two taxes and assistant money ears. ”
With the arrival of a family of more than a dozen people, eating has become another problem. Because Su Shi, as a degraded criminal official, his salary has been suspended, and it is difficult to maintain his life only with his pitiful savings and Su Zhe's help. In order to cope with the unlimited time in the future with his limited savings and maintain his basic life, he only took 4,500 yuan from his savings every month, divided it into 30 parts, hung it on the beams of the house, and took a string every day, hoping to maintain the life of his family. But sitting on the empty mountain, the cash is getting less and less, and life is still getting more and more difficult.
In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (1081), Su Shi felt that the future was uncertain, and in the face of the oppression of life, he felt that he should find a way as soon as possible. happened to be a friend Ma Zhengqing came to visit Huangzhou, and learned that Su Shi was living beyond his means and was struggling to make ends meet, so he applied for 50 acres of wasteland from Xu Junyou in Zhizhou on his behalf.
This piece of land is located on the barren slope at the foot of Longwang Mountain in the east of Huangzhou City, and was originally a deserted barracks. Looking at this piece of land full of rubble and barren grass and thorns, Su Shi was still very happy. Full of expectations, he spent three days inspecting and planning, and made reasonable arrangements according to the terrain: planting rice in the lower wetlands, planting wheat in the higher places, planting some jujube trees, chestnut trees, and mulberry trees on the flat land in the east, and planting a bamboo forest on the slope a little to the south.
The luckiest thing is that the servant found a dark well when he burned the dead grass in the field, and after digging, the water source was abundant, and the big problem of crop irrigation was solved.
Su Shi sold a treasured ancient sword, bought a black bull, and gave it a charming name "Black Peony". Prepare hoes, buckets and other farm tools, put on a bamboo hat to shade the sun and rain, and shake off the false name of the famous poet in the world.
After hard work and sweat, the wasteland has become fertile land, and the season has come to late autumn, so I had to plant wheat first, and in less than a month, green wheat seedlings have grown, and 300 yellow mulberry trees have been planted in the weir. The following year, Su Shi ushered in a bumper harvest and harvested 20 stones of wheat, which finally alleviated the family's living difficulties.
Su Shi admired the great poet Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty very much, and often compared himself with Lotte in his poems. When Bai Juyi was demoted to the history of Zhongzhou, he wrote the poem "Planting Flowers on the Eastern Slope", and the poem Yun:
Step up the east slope, and walk up the east slope at night.
Dongpo what to love, love this new tree.
Now, this 50 acres of poor land is located just outside the east gate of Huangzhou City, so Su Shi simply named this land "Dongpo", and called himself "Dongpo Layman", and later generations also called him "Po Gong" and "Po Xian". Since then, the name of Su Dongpo has been born and is well-known in the world!
The land on the eastern slope has really solved the problem of food and clothing for a large family. Su Shi knew that he had to make long-term plans for the livelihood of his children and grandchildren. Su Shi was originally preparing to end up in Huangzhou, Yang Hui introduced Dingxiang Hujiatian to him, Chen Bo contacted Zhuangtian in Jingnantou Lake for him, and went to Shahu Lake 30 miles away in Huangzhou to see the fields. Naque's famous "Fixing the Storm" is a by-product of this visit: "On March 7, it rained in Shahu Road. The rain gear went first, and the peers were embarrassed, and the rest of the people didn't realize it, and it was already sunny, so it was this word.
Don't listen to the sound of the forest beating the leaves, why not groan and walk slowly. Bamboo canes and shoes are lighter than horses, who is afraid? The steep spring breeze blows the wine and wakes up, slightly cold, and the mountain is obliquely shining but welcomes. Looking back at the bleak place, there is no wind and rain and no sunshine. ”
Su Shi, who has no fixed place, can't help but feel the urge to settle down in the face of this land that belongs to him, and he still wants to build a house to give himself and his family a place to put his body and mind. In the winter leisure season, Su Shi chose a vacant land with excellent vision, with the help of several friends such as Pan Dalin and Gu Gengdao, Su Shi cleaned up the foundation, purchased wood, bricks and tiles, and was ready, Yuanfeng five years (1082) began to build a house in February, and soon built five mud tile farmhouses. On the day of the completion of the house, it snowed heavily, standing in front of the house and looking at the snowflakes flying in the sky, Su Shi's painting came into being spontaneously, waving his pen on the wall to paint the cold forest in the snow and the fisherman on the water, the four walls and gaps were painted with flying snowflakes, as if flying with the snowflakes outside the house, and couldn't help but wave the pen again: "Dongpo Snow Hall". After wandering indoors and outdoors for a long time, the Chinese words in his chest were rushing, Su Shi studied the ink exhibition paper again, and a masterpiece "Snow Hall Notes" erupted: "Su Zi has to abandon the garden on the eastern slope, build a wall, make a hall, and call it the 'Snow Hall'." The hall is made in the heavy snow, because the snow is painted between the four walls, and there is no gap. Living and leaning, looking around, is nothing more than snow. Su Zi lives in it, and he really has the people who live there." The article adopts the method of subject-guest dialogue, and leads to the views of "inaction" and "abandonment of wisdom" from rhetorical questions. In the end, Su Shi refuted the guest's "smile and smile, only come out" with the view of "suitability", showing the author's continuous thinking and self-searching after the "Wutai Poetry Case", showing that his personal interests are noble. The structure of the whole text is unified, exquisite and meticulous, and it also runs through the ups and downs of the emotional context between the host and the guest, which is similar to "Red Cliff Fu". And fill in the lyrics "Jiangchengzi", in the preface said, "Tao Yuanming traveled to Xiechuan on the fifth day of the first month, sat in the stream class, looked at Nanfu, and loved the lone show of Zengcheng, which is a poem of Xiechuan, which still makes people want to see it." The spring of Yuanfeng Renxu, the rest of the ploughing in the east slope, the snow hall dwells in it, the south of the four pavilions behind the mound, the west controls the micro spring of the north mountain, sighs, this is also the tour of the slanted river. It is a long and short sentence, and it is sung in "Jiangchengzi". I woke up drunk in a dream. Only Yuanming, it is a previous life. ...... It's all the scenery of the day, I am old, and I am old. "The beauty of the scenery of the Snow Hall is no less than the "slanted river" praised by Tao Yuanming!
Perhaps this is what people often say, "live in the alley, don't change your pleasure".
To the east of the Snow Hall, Su Shi also planted tea trees and orange trees that he moved from his friends, which was idyllic and thriving. He wrote happily: "There are five houses, more than a dozen furrows of fruits and vegetables, more than 100 mulberry books, ploughing his wife and silkworms, and talking about his death." ”
Xuetang not only solved the difficulties of family housing, but also became an important carrier of Su Shi's spiritual life in Huangzhou. Su Shi felt that although Xuetang's appearance was not exquisite, it was very interesting. He let his family still live in Lingao Pavilion, and most of his own lives in Xuetang. When the weather is fine, he leads his family to sweat like rain and work hard in the fields; on wind, frost, snow, rainy days or at night, he reads and writes articles, learns books and paints; when friends visit, he receives and talks here and entertains guests, and some friends such as Taoist priest Yang Shichang, fellow villager Chaogu, poet and monk Shenliao, etc., even stay here for more than half a year or more than a year. Mi Fu fledgling, through Huangzhou by the recommendation of people to visit. Su Shi read the young man's talent, invited him to the Snow Hall to appreciate Wu Daozi's paintings, and instructed him to learn Jin calligraphy. Mi Fu listened attentively, calligraphy has been greatly improved.
In October of the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Su Shi Jinshi served as the deputy envoy of Zhunnan in Linchuan Cai Chengxi in the same year, and Huangzhou was in the territory under his jurisdiction, so he specially went to Lingao Pavilion to visit Su Shi. Seeing that his residence was narrow, he initiated the construction of three new houses for him on the high slope near Lingao Pavilion, which were built in May of the following year and named "Nantang". These three rooms, facing the river, the most suitable summer, Su Shi has this is nothing less than a poor child to get rich, although it is only a tile house three wings, but it has been used for many purposes, as a study, a Dan room, a guest room and a bedroom. In the poem, he said, "There are more South Halls that can be used as guests, and they don't worry about the cars of the old people outside the door." The guest dreams of knowing where to hang the west window and the waves to the sky. In his infinite gratitude, he wrote to Cai Chengxi: "On the south bank of Lingao, there are three houses in the competition, which are extremely open and open in summer, and they are not shallow. ”
In April of the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi was edicted to go to Ruzhou to serve as the deputy envoy of the regiment. Before leaving Huangzhou, he handed over the sweaty and joyful Xuetang and Dongpo to Pan Dalin, hoping that he would still have the opportunity to return to Huangzhou for the rest of his life, catch up with his old friends, and read at night in Xuetang.
A few years later, Su Shi, who was promoted to the bachelor of Hanlin, still missed the days in Huangzhou, missed the snow hall, and said in the "Letter to Pan Bing (Yanming)": "The servant temporarily went out of Gou Lu'er, and finally the guest was in the dust, and the eastern slope could not be deserted, and finally became the master, and traveled with the kings, as in the past." May this be said everywhere. ”
In October of the sixth year of Song Xiaozong's dry road (1170), Lu You came to visit the ruins of Dongpo, which was about 86 years after Su Shi left Huangzhou. He described that there was a portrait of Su Shi hanging in the middle of the Snow Hall, and the portrait depicted Su Shi was wearing a purple robe, wearing a black hat, holding a rattan cane, and sitting against a stone. At the foot of the snow hall steps, there is a small bridge that crosses a small ditch. In the east of the snow hall, there is a tall willow tree, which was planted by hand in that year.
Although he was thinking about it, it was just that Su Shi went farther and farther away and never returned here. The snow hall full of snowflakes slowly disappeared in the demolition and reconstruction again and again, and even the Dinghui Temple, where he first settled, was worn out by time and was not seen. What is even more regrettable is that the east slope where Su Shi sweated like rain and worked hard in the past can no longer determine the exact location.
Su Shi and Xuetang, just like Dongpo, have left in time and space, but they will always remain in the historical memory of Huangzhou.
Su Shi, who lived in Lingao Pavilion, read and wrote, and visited famous places in Huangzhou and its surroundings, and expressed his affection for the landscape. In March of the fourth year of Yuanfeng (1081), he climbed the West Mountain of Wuchang for the first time, Su Shi found that the Jiuqu Pavilion built by Sun Quan became an abandoned pavilion due to disrepair, and he was in the "Tour of Wuchang Hanxi Xishan Temple", with "the Jiuqu Pavilion in the west, all the mountains are cultivated", pointing out the important position of the Jiuqu Pavilion in many scenes of the West Mountain of Wuchang.
At the beginning of June, Su Shi accompanied his younger brother Su Zhe to Wuchang to visit Xishan, and the poem "Fighting to see Wan Song, sweating and rising to nine songs" in Su Zhe's poem seemed to remind him again. At that time, when people went up to the West Mountain, they all went out of the West Gate of Wuchang, went downhill to the cold stream in front of the eastern foot of the West Mountain, and then went up the mountain through the walking trail like a nine-curved intestine. Climbing to the Jiuqu Pavilion halfway up the mountain, no one is not sweating. This shows that the Jiuqu Pavilion is not only a cherished relic of Sun Quan, but also an important resting place for all tourists and pilgrims who climb the West Mountain. The impulse to rebuild the Jiuqu Pavilion arose.
However, the financial constraints at that time and the burden of food, clothing, housing and transportation made him have no time to take care of this matter. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), the life of Su Shi's family gradually improved, and he began to think about how to repair and expand this pavilion. In February of that year, accompanied by Wu Liang, the chief secretary of Wuchang, he took Li Ying, the commander of Qishui County, to Wuchang West Mountain. Passing by the abandoned Jiuqu Pavilion, Su Shi proposed to participate in the grand maintenance and expansion of this pavilion, which was approved by everyone. It's just that the pavilion site was narrow and narrow at that time, and the surrounding area was ancient and famous trees, and I hadn't thought of a perfect strategy to expand the Jiuqu Pavilion and protect the surrounding environment of the pavilion.
One day in May of that year, a violent storm hit the West Mountain of Wuchang, and many large trees next to the Jiuqu Pavilion were blown down. Su Shi took his friends to catch up with the mountain and found that the big tree that had been blown down could not only be directly used as a material for repairing the pavilion, but also cleared the vacant land behind the fallen tree, and provided a site for the expansion of the ancient pavilion.
God-given opportunity, so "meet with each other". Soon, a brand-new Jiuqu Pavilion was re-erected on top of the "Sun Ruins". Su Shi immediately wrote to Su Zhe about the news two years ago. Seeing his brother's letter, Su Zhe was not only happy that this "Sun's relics" had regained its glory, but also was pleased that this incident brought his brother "the happiest" mood. He followed his brother's invitation to write "Wuchang Jiuqu Pavilion Record", the beginning of the painting and painting in detail about the brother's concern for the reconstruction of the Jiuqu Pavilion, and then the pen and ink focused on describing the beginning and end of his and his friends' "phase and camp", "the pavilion can be wide", "the pavilion is completed, and the victory of the West Mountain is born", and then through the construction of the pavilion to explore the reason for the brother's "so the most happy", and praise the brother's "suitable for the pleasure" feelings, "worthy of the middle, not responsible for the outside" pursuit blended together. With just a few strokes, he sketched the image of Su Shi who is affectionate about the landscape, optimistic and open-minded, and "happy": "...... In the past, the rest of the youth, from Zizhan to travel, there are mountains to climb, there is water to float, Zizhan has not begun to wear clothes first. There is no way to come, and the sun is suddenly moved for it. To its dancing alone, on the spring stone, pick up the forest flowers, pick up the stream, drink water and drink it, and the person who sees it thinks that it is immortal. The joy of covering the world is endless, and the pleasure of being suitable. Fang Qi is proud, and everything is not easy. The reason why this Zizhan is happy is also. It is precisely because this account integrates narrative, scene, lyricism, and argumentation, and writes the beauty of scenery, human feelings, and philosophy, that it has become the best work of ancient Chinese essays.
In March of the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), Zhang Huaimin was also demoted to Huangzhou. After Su Shi got acquainted with him, they became friends because of their similar smell and had a close relationship. On the night of October 12 of that year, Su Shi went to the Chengtian Temple where Zhang Huaimin temporarily lived to admire the moon with him, and wrote the famous "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple". In November, Zhang Huaimin built a pavilion southwest of his new residence to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Yangtze River. Su Shi admired Zhang Huaimin's bearing, named the pavilion he built "Kuaizai Pavilion", and gave him "Water Tune Song Tou Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion Gift Zhang Weiyan": "...... can laugh at the son of Lantai, who has not solved the problem of Zhuang Sheng's nature, and there are male and female in Gangdao. A little heroic spirit, a thousand miles of fast wind".
Song Yu's "Wind Fu" records that when a wind blows, King Chu Xiang sighs, "Hurry up this wind" and asks if the common people can enjoy such a comfortable wind? Song Yu greeted King Chu Xiang and said that the wind blowing King Chu Xiang was a "male wind" and the wind blowing ordinary people was a "female wind." Su Shi is very disdainful of this, although the name of "Kuai Zai Ting" is taken from the phrase "Kuai Zai this wind", but he believes that the wind is a product of nature, there should be no female and male, and there is no superior wind, the key to Kuai Zai is the inner feeling of people, and there is no difference between the spiritual realm of people, as long as it has the most rigid and great atmosphere, you can experience the pleasure of thousands of miles of majestic wind. "A little haoran, a thousand miles of fast wind" is the center of the whole word, expressing the lyricist's open-mindedness in adversity, but suddenly enlightened and not shocked. Su Zhe also wrote "Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion Record" for this pavilion, and later was selected into the "Ancient Literature Guanzhi", which became a famous article of the past dynasties: "The river goes out of Xiling, and it has to be flat, and its flow is unrestrained and unbridled." Heyuan and Hunan in the south, and Hanchu in the north, its momentum is increasing. As for the red cliffs, the waves are soaked and irrigated, similar to the sea. Qinghe Zhang Jun dreams of living in Qi'an, that is, the southwest of his house is a pavilion, in order to watch the victory of the river, and the Yu brothers are famous and say, "Fast". Comparing this article with Su Shi's words, we can also see the characters of the two brothers. Su Shi's words are wide open and closed, and he is arrogant and dry, like a strong wine singing, drunk before drinking. Su Zhe's article is eloquent, not hurried, as mellow and fragrant as red wine, and drunk without realizing it. Wu Chucai said, "Reading it makes people open-minded, and they forget about humiliation." In one sentence.
In fact, Su Shi named Kuaizai Pavilion more than once. In the ninth year of Xining (1076), when he was the governor of Mizhou, he built a Kuai Zai Pavilion, and Su Zhe made "Two Songs of the New Kuai Zai Pavilion in Mizhou". In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), when he was the governor of Xuzhou, Su Shi named the pavilion built by Li Bangzhi on the site of Tangyang Chunting in the southeast highland of the city for Jingdong as "Kuai Zai Pavilion", and made "Kuai Zai This Wind Fu". It can be seen that no matter what situation Su Shi is in, he can forget the hardships and sufferings, and find the factor of happiness from the depths of his heart, not only to make himself happy, but also to bring happiness to others.
"Buy Tian Yang Xian" is an idiom, which means resignation and retreat, from Su Shi's "Bodhisattva Man": "Buy Tian Yang Xian I will be old, from the beginning only for the good of Xishan." "Yangxian is today's Yixing City, Jiangsu Province. In February of the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Su Shi received an edict from the imperial court approving his residence in Yixing, Changzhou, and he was ecstatic. On the way to Yixing, Su Shi wrote this "Bodhisattva Man", expressing his cheerful mood of resigning and retiring. Since then, "buying Tian Yangxian" has become an elegant term often quoted by many officials when they resigned and retired.
On November 28, 1071, Su Shi was excluded by the New Party because of his disagreement with Wang Anshi's new law reform, and he was appointed as a general judge in Hangzhou. At the end of the sixth year of Xining (1073), Su Shi went on a business trip to Yixing, a subordinate of Changzhou, and he became attached to Yixing more than ten years ago. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi participated in the Jinshi and the first banquet held by the imperial court in Qionglin Garden, and sat at the same table with Jiang Zhiqi and Shan Xi, who were from Yixing, the same list. During the banquet, Jiang Zhiqi introduced the customs and beautiful scenery of Yixing to Su Shi, and warmly invited him to Yixing as a guest. At that time, when the cups were staggered, they had an agreement with Bu Juyangxian. He became friends with Jiang Zhiqi and Shan Xi later,
Coming to Yixing, Su Shi lived in his friend Shan Xi's house. Yixing is not only the "land of fish and rice", but also the scenery is charming. There are three lakes and nine streams in the territory, and the most beautiful is Jingxi, which is called "Ganghua Creek". Together, they were enthusiastic about visiting the scenic spots and immersed themselves in the picturesque landscapes. For this reason, Su Shi wrote the famous article "Chu Song Post", expressing his mood after fulfilling his wish: "I came to Yangxian, and the boat entered Jingxi, and the meaning was suddenly clear, like the desire of a comfortable life." The dead will return to old age, and death is the leading edge. What surprised Su Shi even more was that in Shan Xi's house, he saw the legacy of his uncle Su Lian. Su Shi liked the virtuous and erudite friend Shan Xi, so he married the eldest sister's daughter to Shan Xi as his wife, and had a strong desire to "buy Tian Yangxian", row the river and paint the stream, return to the countryside, live and work in peace and contentment, and also entrusted Shan Xi to buy land and property for himself.
It has been more than ten years since Su Shi realized his wish to buy land in Yixing.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi moved from Huangzhou to Ruzhou as the deputy envoy of the regiment. In April, he went to Ruzhou through Jinling (Nanjing, Jiangsu), and met Wang Anshi, who retreated to this place after the second strike, and the two stayed and sang together, Su Shi wrote "The Four Uniques of Jing Gongyun": "Persuade me to try to ask for a three-acre house, and I have been ten years late from the public". Wang Anshi persuaded him to buy a house in Nanjing to be a neighbor and companion, but Su Shi still decided that Yangxian was his favorite place and was determined to return to Lao Yangxian. He asked his friend Xu Dezhi to stay in Changzhou and buy land for himself.
In Yizhen, Su Shi met Jiang Zhiqi, who was the same year as Jinshi and served as the deputy envoy of Jianghuai, Jiang was a native of Yixing, and learned that Su Shi wanted to buy land, so he immediately sent people to Yixing to look for it, and finally found a field of more than 200 acres in Caojiazhuang, Huangshu Village, fifty-five miles away from the city. At the end of September, Su Shi and Shan Xi made a special on-the-spot inspection, measured the area with a step ruler, and he estimated that in a normal year, there would be no disasters and harmless, and this land could have a harvest of 800 stones of rice a year, which was enough for the whole family's life. Since he already liked it, Su Shi did not hesitate to buy it, and he also ate "buying land and trading wine" with Cao Qianfu. Since then, Su Shi's family has also relied on this field for food and clothing. However, after four years of degrading Huangzhou, there was almost no income, so where could he get the money for the house? It turned out that Su Shi entrusted the old-timer Fan Zhen to sell the house in Jingshi, and got 800 yuan, and took out 600 yuan to pay for the field. Unexpectedly, this transaction brought Su Shi big trouble. The family surnamed Cao began to regret after the transaction was concluded, and repeatedly asked Su Shi for unreasonable trouble, and the dispute lasted for eight years. Later, although Su Shi won the lawsuit, considering that he was in a high position and settled the matter, Su Shi was willing to return the land to the Cao family at the original price, but the Cao family was unable to redeem it. Later, with the help of Shao Minzhan and others, Su Shi bought another grange in Tangtou on the shore of Heqiao Lake, and also bought land in Shushan to build a thatched cottage and settle down. Friend Wang Gong learned the news of Su Shi's purchase of land and persuaded him to buy a house in Yangzhou, Su Shi replied: "A small Zhuangzi is close to Changzhi, and you can get 100 stones at the age of 100 stones, which seems to be enough to eat." I don't know the beauty of Yangzhou, the poor ape throws himself into the forest, and he doesn't have time to choose wood. ”
In December, Su Shi arrived in Sizhou and went to the "Begging Changzhou Residence Table". Perhaps it was written too poignantly, but Emperor Shenzong quickly agreed to his request.
In February of the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Su Shi received an edict from the imperial court approving his residence in Changzhou, and was ecstatic. In April, he returned to Yixing from the southern capital, and wrote "Three Songs of Zhuxi Temple Leaving a Theme in Yixing" on the way: "Ten years of returning to the dream of sending the west wind, this is really a field house", "The mountain temple returns to hear good words, and the wild flowers and birds are also happy". Su Shi longed for the pleasure of pastoral life, and wiped out the depressed and obscure emotions that were degraded. In "Bodhisattva Man", he said: "Buying Tianyang Xianwu will be old, and it has never been good for the stream." "Yixing is already the paradise of Su Shi's dreams. He was very grateful to the imperial court for his kindness, and wrote two thank-you sheets to thank the emperor for his kindness.
With the blessing of the emperor, the land purchased in Yixing will really become a shelter and refuge for Su Shi's family to shelter from the wind and rain and to be satisfied.
Su Shi originally planned to live in Yixing for the rest of his life, but he didn't want the world to be unpredictable, so he only stayed in seclusion for a few months this time. In March of the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), the 38-year-old Shenzong Zhao Xu died, and his nine-year-old son Zhao Xu succeeded to the throne as Zhezong. The Empress Dowager Gao listened to the government, and she used Sima Guang and other old ministers who opposed the new law to abolish the new law. In May, the Su Shi brothers were ordered to return to the Su Shi Dynasty to Fenglang Zhi Dengzhou, and arrived on October 15, and on October 20, they were appointed as Langzhong of the Ministry of Rites, and in December they moved to the house. In the first year of Yuanyou (1086), after Su Shi returned to the dynasty, he moved from the living house to the middle school, and in the following year, he served as a bachelor and attendant of Hanlin (the emperor's teacher), and in the third year of Yuanyou (1088), he was responsible for drafting the edict for the emperor.
However, Su Shi, who was "out of place", believed that Wang Anshi's new law should have advantages and disadvantages, and could not be denied all of them, and had a disagreement with Sima Guang, resulting in fierce conflicts. In March of the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), due to the continuous party disputes in the court, he asked to be released in order to avoid disasters and seek peace. On July 3, he learned about the military affairs of Hangzhou and the West Road of Zhejiang with the bachelor of Longtu Pavilion, and filled the jurisdiction of the soldiers and horses of Zhejiang West Road.
As soon as he arrived in Hangzhou, he encountered a severe drought, famine and plague one after another. Su Shi went against the bad habit of ordinary local officials to report good news but not bad news, and with the usual indomitable spirit of asking for the people's life, he asked the imperial court to reduce the rice supply for the road by one-third, and increase the number of degrees, and sell it in exchange for rice to relieve the hungry people.
More than 10 years ago, Su Shi served as the general judge of Hangzhou, assisting Chen Xiang of Zhizhou to dredge the six wells and Shen Gongjing. This time, I learned that all the wells mentioned above had been silted up, and it was very difficult for the people to drink water. I tried to find a monk who participated in the well management that year to guide the repair of the wells, organize the disaster victims, and provide relief through work. Because the last time the water diversion pipeline was made of bamboo that was easy to decay, it was changed to a pottery pipeline, protected by stone slabs up and down, sturdy and durable, smooth and once and for all, and extended the water supply route, leading the West Lake water to a place where it was difficult to get water, and dug two new wells in the northern suburbs, so "the sweet water of the West Lake, all over the city, the army and the people celebrated", the people no longer worry about the difficulty of drinking water.
When Su Shi came to Hangzhou for the first time, due to his low mood, Ouyang Xiu introduced him to Hui Chong, a senior monk of Guanghua Temple, and the two had a very deep relationship. More than ten years later, Su Shi came to Hangzhou again, Hui Chong monk and Ouyang Xiu had passed away, Hui Chong's disciples told Su Shi that there was no spring here before, but a spring suddenly appeared ten days ago, which may indicate that you will come here. Su Shi also felt something, named this spring "Liuyi Spring", wrote "Lonely Mountain Liuyi Spring Inscription" and carved stones, and built the Liuyi Spring Pavilion to commemorate the teacher "Liuyi Layman" Ouyang Xiu. And here to chisel stone to build a house, build "Dongpo Nunnery", friends to taste tea, poetry and painting. At the same time, the Yingyou Pavilion was built, and the official office of the State Department was repaired. In order to help the world and save the people, Su Shi built Anle Fang, which is also the earliest public hospital recorded in the mainland, and he sent a lot of monks who understand medical science to care.
Hangzhou has two canals, the Maoshan River connects the Qiantang River to the Grand Canal, and the Salt Bridge starts at the West Lake, passes through the city, and connects the Maoshan River in the north of the city. Because the Qiantang River is flooded every day, carrying a large amount of sediment and silting up over time, the river is raised and difficult to navigate, and even the water quality of the Yanqiao River has become turbid, bitter and difficult to drink. Every three or five years, the government has to mobilize migrant workers to dredge these two canals, which not only costs the people and money, but also corrupt officials and corrupt officials also take the opportunity to extort the people, because a large amount of silt dug up by the dredged river needs to be piled up, and the Yanqiao River flows through the urban area, and the accumulation of silt will inevitably affect the houses on both sides, and the people are forced to give gifts to the officials in charge in order not to pile up the silt in front of their homes. In fact, every time the river is washed, the gardens of the whole city are muddy, and everywhere is a mess, and the people are miserable. As soon as Su Shi got off the car, he was anxious about the people's urgency and consulted the officials on a good way to control the river. He quickly accepted the advice of Su Jian, a Hangzhou merchant tax supervisor who was well versed in water conservancy, and began dredging the canal three months after his arrival. The specific method was as follows: First, more than 1,000 soldiers were mobilized, and thousands of migrant workers were mobilized to thoroughly dredge the two canals so that the rivers were more than eight feet deep. Then a sluice gate was built in front of the Cha Si at the junction of the two canals, and the sluice gate was closed every day when the tide came, so that the tide would not flow into the Yanqiao River. Wait until the tide is clear and then open the sluice gate to let the water of the Maoshan River, which has become clear, flow into the Yanqiao River. In this way, the Yanqiao River, which runs through the city, will no longer be silted up and will always be clear. The Maoshan River, which flows through the wilderness, will save labor and money even if it needs to be dredged, and it will not disturb the people. Half a year later, the dredging project was completed. Since then, the residents on both sides of the Yanqiao River in Hangzhou have access to clear water at all times, and they no longer have to endure the harassment of the Tao River.
The beautiful West Lake is an unforgettable place that Su Shi dreamed of. When he was in Huangzhou, he once wrote the affectionate poem "Last night the wind and the moon were clear, and I dreamed of the West Lake". But now that he came to Xizi again, he found that the lake was full of hidden dangers. It turns out that the West Lake is not just for pleasure and appreciation, it can run through the canal and irrigate the farmland below, which is the food and clothing of tens of thousands of people. Due to the severe drought, the lake has gradually dried up, the lake is full of weeds, and due to the lack of cleaning for a long time, the West Lake has been silted up by more than half, which has seriously affected the agricultural production of the people near the lake. He felt that if Hangzhou did not have the West Lake, it would be like a person without eyebrows, and the people also asked the government to govern the West Lake. Su Shi immediately drafted the "Begging to Open the West Lake in Hangzhou", asking the imperial court to agree and allocate money and grain.
Dredging the West Lake is a huge project, and many predecessors have had their wishes in vain. Su Shi is a doer who cares about the people, and since this is a good thing for the benefit of the people, he will never let it be delayed. On April 28, the day before the letter was written to the imperial court, the construction began in a prelude manner. He sent 500 soldiers to uproot the weeds and dig up the mud from the lake. In order to raise funds, Su Shi asked the imperial court to give him another 100 yuan, and allocated 10,000 yuan and 10,000 stone rice from the disaster relief in Benzhou. As for manpower, the soldiers under the jurisdiction of the division were mobilized, as well as the soldiers under the soldiers and horses of the two Zhejiang provinces stationed in Hangzhou. At that time, Hangzhou was hit by a disaster, Su Shi just used work for relief and hired the strong men among the victims, which not only solved the manpower difficulties, but also enabled the victims to work and earn money, which can be described as killing three birds with one stone.
The most important task of dredging the West Lake is to remove the grass and excavate the silt, but the area of the lake's fields has reached 250,000 abbots, and the silt is even more numerous. It turned out that there was a long causeway from east to west on the West Lake, that is, the white causeway, which was presided over by the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi. However, there is no embankment in the north and south, and the circumference around the lake is as long as 30 miles, and it is very inconvenient to go around the lake from the south to the north. So Su Shi ordered to use grass and silt to build a new causeway from south to north in the lake, and the grass and silt suddenly turned waste into treasure, and local materials were used, saving the labor of transportation.
However, the silt was too soft to build the embankment and had to be mixed with hard soil, so Su Shi asked workers to dig up the hard soil of the Red Mountain next to the Goryeo Temple to build the embankment. However, this move was strongly opposed by the monks, claiming that the Red Mountain was a treasure of feng shui, and the excavation would cause disaster, and the project was forced to be shelved. Su Shi rushed to the scene when he heard the news, and the truth was explained again and again, but the monks did not back down, the reason was: who will bear the disaster if the feng shui is destroyed?
Whether to dig or not to dig in the hard soil of Chishan, Su Shi weighed it repeatedly. He told the monks: "It is my cause, and if evil comes from heaven, it will come upon me, but the building of the embankment must not be delayed." I would like to carve a stone statue of myself and sacrifice myself as the protector of the temple. Su Shi regards doing his best to do good deeds for the people as his greatest pursuit, and he has long put aside the consequences of feng shui disasters and what his interests are. Today, stepping into the Huajia Villa next to the West Lake, a stone statue of the "Dharma Protector" has been watching the West Lake for thousands of years. The inscription of Dongpo Pavilion records: "The monk of the temple said that the red mountain is the left of the temple to protect the dragon sand, and the force can not be admonished, so he made a wish to protect the law with his body." The couplet ink fragrance next to the stone statue tablet pavilion still exists: "The old man sacrifices himself to the ancient temple, and the truth is in the West Lake for a long time." ”
Since the start of construction, Su Shi has often personally supervised the progress of the fortifications, running in the mud, and eating and living with the people on the dam. Four months later, a new embankment appeared on the lake like a long dragon lying on the lake. This embankment is 880 zhang long, five zhang wide, it starts from Nanping Mountain in the south, reaches Qixialing in the north, there are six stone bridges built on the embankment (respectively named Yingbo, Suolan, Wangshan, press embankment, Dongpu, cross Hong), the lake can flow freely under the bridge. There are also nine pavilions built to facilitate pedestrians to rest their feet and shelter from the rain, and the embankment is planted with willow and hibiscus, one is beautiful, and the other is to use tree roots to consolidate the embankment.
On the day of completion, the people of Hangzhou poured into the city, and the beautiful causeway was reflected on the mirror-like lake, and the people were all amazed.
The West Lake is very suitable for the growth of grass, as long as it is not cleared for a few years, it is bound to make a comeback. Su Shi listened to the suggestion of Xu Dunren, the governor of Qiantang County, and ordered all the original fields to be converted into lingdang and rented to farmers by the lake to grow lingling. Every spring, before planting the water chestnut, farmers have to cut the weeds in the water before planting, so that the harm of the grass can be completely eradicated. Su Shi also formulated a strict plan to allow farmers to weed and plant water chestnuts in areas prone to weeds near the lake, and pay a small tax to cover the cost of managing the lake in the future, and also stipulated that the water chestnuts should not encroach on the main lake. In order to make it easier for people to identify the boundary, several small stone towers were erected in the lake, and it was expressly forbidden to plant water chestnuts on the lake surface on the inner side of the stone tower, and the "three pools of the moon" called by later generations also came from this.
After some painstaking management, West Lake has regained its former beauty. Su Shi proudly announced: "I chiseled the West Lake and returned to the old view, and the southwest blue has been exhausted at a glance!" The dredged West Lake is rippling with blue waves, just like the bright eyes of the Xizi girl's eyes, and Su Zhizhou has made great contributions.
The author has been fortunate to have been to Hangzhou several times, busy and leisurely, many times wandering in the red willows, green Su Causeway. Walk around the West Lake twice for a week, once in the rain, enjoy the elegance of no wind and rain and no sunshine, and once the lights are lit at night, experience the lights of Qiantang for three or five nights, the bright moon is like frost, and the different customs of seeing people are picturesque. I'm glad that I have the fate to blow the wind you blew thousands of years ago, and walk the road you walked thousands of years ago, but I don't know if this counts as meeting you?
Su Gong's legacy has been left for a long time, and he can still benefit my generation, fortunately!
After Su Shi left office, the new governor Lin Xi named the new embankment in the lake "Sugong Embankment" and carved a monument on the embankment. The wonderful scenery of the Su Causeway has become a charming landscape, and the "Spring Dawn of the Su Causeway" is also famous all over the world as one of the ten scenic spots of the West Lake.
The people also set up a shrine at the southern end of the Su Causeway to commemorate their beloved Su Zhizhou. Although Jia Yi and his ilk slandered Su Shi's dredging of the West Lake as "a matter of events, and there is no interest in public or private interests", and Lu Huiqing openly destroyed the stone monument of the "Sugong Causeway" when he went out of Hangzhou, all this was in vain, because the monument commemorating Su Shi has long been engraved in the hearts of the people of Hangzhou.
Su Shi's achievements in building the Su Causeway in Hangzhou are well known to the world, but in fact, he built the Su Causeway not only in this place.
Yingzhou ancient West Lake also has a "dike", from south to north traverse, the whole West Lake is divided into "East Pool" and "West Pool", as for the earliest time and who built the embankment, the old chronicle is missing. In the first year of Emperor You (1049), Ouyang Xiu Zhiying, along the embankment to make "Yiyuan", "flying cover" and other stone Zhulan arch bridges, he called this embankment "long causeway", and made "ten songs of picking mulberries", there are sentences such as "the light boat is short and the West Lake is good, the green water is long, the grass is long, and the faint sheng song is everywhere", etc., delicately depicts this scene.
In the first month of the sixth year of Yuan You (1091), Su Shi was transferred from Hangzhou to the Ministry of Shangshu, Su Zhe has been appointed as the right Cheng of Shangshu to govern, in order to avoid suspicion of relatives in February, Su Shi was reappointed as a bachelor of Hanlin, and he took office in May, and served as a scholar (the emperor's teacher); At this time, 43 years have passed since Ouyang Xiu became the official Yingzhou, and it has been 20 years since his teacher said goodbye to the world, but the good name left by his teacher here is thrown away, which makes him feel nostalgic. At the beginning of his tenure, he wrote "Magnolia Flower Order: The Frost Remnant Has Lost Its Length" according to the rhyme of his teacher's "Magnolia Flower Order: The Frost Remnant Has Lost Its Length": "...... The beauty still sings the words of a drunkard, and forty-three years are like an electric wipe. ...... With Yu Tong, he is a knowledgeable person, and only the West Lake Bodi Moon. The word is written in Su Shi's reverence and nostalgia for his teacher, and it is also written into the ambition of the relay teacher to follow forward.
As soon as he arrived, Su Shi faced the situation of floods in Yingzhou. After careful investigation, he made a plan to build water conservancy and dredge the West Lake, which was approved by the imperial court: "Last year, Yingzhou was injured, and the Yellow River was opened by 10,000 people, and from there." With the remaining strength to make three gates, through the scorched water, the West Lake. ”
So Su Shi organized manpower to build water conservancy, dredge the West Lake, build sluices, dig waterways, and hope that the West Lake of Yingzhou will go directly to the water conservancy hub Jiaopitang, connect the Huaishui River and the Yangtze River, and build an embankment of the cleared silt to protect the West Lake in Yingzhou.
Unfortunately, Su Shi only served in Yingzhou for half a year, and in the first month of the seventh year of Yuanyou (1092), he received a new order from the imperial court to inform Yangzhou, at this time, the water conservancy project he initiated had not yet been completed. Before leaving, he was reluctant, several times to find his assistant Zhao Delin, thousands of instructions and pen waves, with a book to entrust, left two poems as encouragement, in the "Shi in Yingzhou and Zhao Delin Tongzhi West Lake did not succeed in Yangzhou March 10" a poem wrote: "Although the West Lake is small and Xizi, the lingering flow is clear and abundant. Thousands of people have more than enough strength to get up the three gates, and Jiao Pi is connected with Changhuai. And wrote in a poem, "In the dust, I don't know who is male and female." "Yingzhou West Lake is so beautiful, it is not inferior to Hangzhou West Lake at all, it must be repaired to make it more beautiful and better.
This "embankment" on the West Lake in Yingzhou, compared with the "Su Causeway" on the West Lake in Hangzhou, the length is slightly shorter, the bridge is less, there is no celebrity in history to name the "Embankment", there is no relevant record in the old records of Fuyang, and the folk do not have the name of "Su Causeway". And the clear name "Su Causeway" is nearly 900 years after Su Shi's death. In the early nineties of the last century, when Fuyang rebuilt the new West Lake in Yingzhou, he finally remembered Su Shi, the governor of Yingzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to commemorate his historical achievements in dredging the West Lake and building the embankment, the new embankment was called "Su Causeway", and the "European Causeway" was also built. In 2018, Fuyang City further did a good job in Yingzhou West Lake, and rebuilt the new West Lake in the waters of the West Thirty Mile River, which is the same water vein as the ancient Yingzhou West Lake, and restored and rebuilt more than 30 historical and cultural landscapes, including Huilao Hall, Liuyi Hall, Juxing Hall, Sixian Temple, Nulangtai, Su Causeway, Yiyuan Bridge, Feigai Bridge, West Lake Pavilion, and Chufang Pavilion, so as to reproduce the more prosperous and beautiful new scenery of Yingzhou West Lake.
In March of the seventh year of Yuan You (1092), he was appointed as a direct bachelor of Longtu Pavilion and served as the commander of the soldiers and horses of Huainan East Road, and he was transferred to the military department in July. In a short period of time, Su Shi only built Gulin Hall on the bank of Slender West Lake, and the address was behind the Pingshan Hall built by his teacher Ouyang Xiuzhi Yangzhou. When the Gulin Hall was completed, Su Shi recorded it in a poem, and the first few sentences were: "The deep valley is slender, and the high forest is sparse." The beautiful new hall is completed, and this autumn breeze is at the beginning. ”
The governance of the two West Lakes in Hangzhou and Yingzhou shows Su Shi's thinking of benefiting the world and the people's outstanding management ability.
In August of the seventh year of Yuanyou (1092), Su Shi served as a teacher for Zhezong as a scholar and a bachelor in the military department, and went to Beijing in September. In March of the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), he asked for a foreign appointment due to party disputes. In June, he was removed from Dingzhou. In September, the Empress Dowager Gao died, Zhezong was in charge, and Su Shi went to Dingzhou to be the governor. Because he was a teacher of Zhezong, he asked for a "resignation" to the emperor before leaving, but he was not allowed. Signs show that Su Shi is no longer tolerant of the court. In April of the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Zhang Dian was the prime minister, the party struggle restarted, and the old party began to carry out crazy revenge and persecution, and Su Shi bore the brunt of it, impeaching him for "slandering the first emperor". As a result, the two bachelors of Duanming and Hanlin were dismissed, and they were demoted to Fenglang Zhiyingzhou of the Left Dynasty (now Yingde, Guangdong, and the official of the sixth grade).
At that time, the distance from Dingzhou to Yingzhou was about 4,000 miles, and Su Shi could only ride a horse and a car, not a boat. He is nearly sixty years old, and his health is not good, and he suffers from severe hemorrhoids. Political opponents constantly attacked Su Shi in front of the emperor, saying that he had committed a heinous crime, and belittling Yingzhou was still not enough to punish. Therefore, Zhezong increased the punishment, and in June, he went to Dangtu, and the holy decree was issued again, and then he was demoted to Fenglang of the Luozuo Dynasty, and he was instructed to accept the Jianchang Army Sima (Zheng Liupinxia Loose Official), Huizhou was resettled, and he was not allowed to sign official affairs, which was directly changed from a local official to a criminal minister who was executed outside prison. I had to arrange for Su Yu and Su Guo's wives and children to go to Yixing and live with the eldest son Su Mai's family, because there were still previously purchased land; However, the emperor was merciful and agreed to take the boat he had asked him to take by boat. Traveled to Poyang Lake, received the order in the middle of the night, and then demoted to the deputy envoy of the Ningyuan Army Jiedu, Huizhou resettlement, and recovered the official boat. This is already the fourth change of fate!
In ancient times, Lingnan and Guangdong were relatively backward, and people called it a barbaric land, and the feudal rulers of successive dynasties all degraded the "most heinous" people with different political views to Lingnan.
On October 2, Su Shi's family arrived in Huizhou.
Huizhou in the Song Dynasty was just a small town with a small population. However, its geographical environment and scenery are very special: it is surrounded by water, the Dongjiang River flows in the east and west directions in the north, and the city is surrounded by five lakes that make up the West Lake: Nanhu Lake, Feng Lake, Ping Lake, Ling Lake and Crocodile Lake. There are several small green hills in the city. The whole city of Huizhou is between the green waters and green mountains, and the scenery is very beautiful.
Although Zhan Fan, the governor of Huizhou, did not know Su Shi, he admired Su Shi's name for a long time and admired his personality and talent very much. After Su Shi reported for duty, he immediately arranged for their family to live in Hejiang Building.
Hejiang Tower is a post house of the imperial court. It stands to reason that Su Shi, as a degraded official, cannot be allowed to live, which shows Zhan Fan's admiration for Su Shi.
After Su Shi's family moved into Hejiang Building, they found that the scenery here was particularly majestic and beautiful, with the surging water of the East River and the West Branch River flowing from downstairs. Looking around, he saw that the water and sky were vast, and several green mountains in the city stood in the water like a few green snails, and Su Shi couldn't help but admire.
Su Shi had only lived in Hejianglou for 16 days, and had to move to Jiayou Temple, which was located in the wilderness of the suburbs, because the yamen pointed out that it was not in accordance with the rules. The monk's house here is very dilapidated, surrounded by dense forests of nuts, there are many mosquitoes, far away from the city, and there are few pedestrians. Su Guo said: "How different is it from being in prison", Su Shi's mood was naturally affected, and the more he thought about it, the more uneasy he became. But when you think about it, why bother when the matter has come to this point. So he wrote "Thinking of Innocence" and hung it in the study, reminding himself from time to time not to think crankily. And made "Thinking of Evil Zhai Ming": "Between the vast heaven and earth, only I am the only one."
Because his cousin Cheng Zhicai was able to take care of Huizhou on Guangnan East Road, Su Shi moved to Jianglou again.
According to the laws of the Song Dynasty, the degraded officials whose actions were restricted by surveillance and restricted from leaving the city without authorization.
Su Shi was old and wasted, with no power or money, but it did not affect his enthusiasm for doing good things for the people. He had two methods: one was to make his own suggestions and ask officials who were friendly with him to take the lead in handling the matter, and the other was to rely on his own influence and hand it over to others or himself. Due to the proper method, Su Shi did everything he wanted.
Because there is no government affairs to deal with, in addition to reading and writing every day, Su Shi walks around on weekdays to understand the people's customs and customs. Su Shi, who is concerned about people's livelihood, found that although the scenery of Huizhou is very beautiful, because Huizhou City is surrounded by water, it is very inconvenient to enter and exit, especially some old and weak women go out of the city to cut firewood and grass and carry out agricultural farming, which is even more inconvenient, and I have seen some women fall into Fenghu Lake with their own eyes.
The Xizhi River passes through Huizhou City, the river flow is steep, at the confluence of the Xizhi River flowing into the Dongjiang River, there was a simple bamboo pontoon bridge, which has been washed away in the flood because it can only be ferried by small boats now. However, this ferry port is also a major transportation artery in the city, and there are many pedestrians. Because the boat was small and crowded, many people fell into the river. After repeated investigation and thinking, Su Shi believed that it would be more feasible to build a bridge connected by ships here. The method is to use 40 small boats to connect 20 boats, and every 2 boats to make a boat, and then use a lock stone block to fix them in the river, and rise and fall with the water. In this way, no matter how the river changes, pedestrians can walk across the bridge.
On the lake between Pinghumen and Xishan, there was originally a long bridge. However, due to the wide surface of the water, the general wood used is easy to rot, so it has been repeatedly damaged. Su Shi also wanted to transform it. The specific plan is: build a section of embankment at the two ends of Pinghumen and Xishan, build nine flying buildings in the middle to make bridges, and all the timber for building the bridge is changed to the hard stone salt wood produced in Luofu Mountain. The majestic bridge built according to this plan can be used as a scenic spot in the West Lake and as a transportation artery, convenient for residents to go to the West Mountain to cut firewood, cut grass and farm.
After Su Shi's "two bridges and one embankment" plan was proposed, and after receiving the support of Cheng Zhicai and Zhan Zhizhou, he immediately took action. First of all, he asked Deng Shou'an, a Taoist priest of Luofu Mountain, to specifically handle the construction of the boat pontoon bridge, and asked the monk Xigu of the Qizen Monastery to handle the building bridge and embankment of the West Lake.
In October of the second year of Shaosheng (1095), the project of "two bridges and one embankment" was started at the same time. As the advocate of the project, Su Shi has to go to the two construction sites every day to understand the progress of the project. The people of Huizhou city and the suburbs like to come to the construction site to watch. On the one hand, it is to see the progress of the project, and on the other hand, it is also to see the demeanor of the great poet Su Shi. As for Su Shi himself, he is also very happy that his proposal of "two bridges and one embankment" can be realized. Besides, go to the construction site to chat with migrant workers to understand the people's feelings.
When the project was about halfway through, the funds were insufficient and the normal construction could not be carried out. Just when he was in a dilemma, Su Shi donated the most valuable thing in the family, a rhino belt rewarded by the emperor, but the funds were still not enough, so he sent a letter to his younger brother and son-in-law to ask his brother-in-law Mrs. Shi for help. After receiving the letter, Ziyou was very happy to see that his brother was still enthusiastic about doing good things for the people in the midst of the degrading predicament. Mrs. Shi was also moved by Su Shi's enthusiasm for doing good things for the people, and donated all the gold rewarded by the Inner Palace.
After eight months of hard work, the two bridges and embankments were finally completed in June of the third year of Shaosheng. It is called Dongxinqiao on the Xizhi River in the east of Huizhou, and Xixinqiao on the West Lake in the west. On the day of completion, the people of Huizhou were overjoyed and excited, and spontaneously held a grand celebration. The common people invited Zhizhou Zhan Fan and Su Shi to participate. Many people brought wine, meat, and local products from their homes. Everyone toasted Zhizhou and Su Shi one after another to express their gratitude. Such a grand celebration lasted for several days.
Su Shi couldn't help but write a poem on the spot: "...... Fathers and elders are happy to gather, and there is no time to carry the pot. I couldn't drink it for three days, and I killed all the chickens in the West Village. ......" and the people's gratitude to him, he modestly said: "A bridge is full of clouds, and joy is full of things." It can be seen that after advocating the success of the people to build bridges and embankments, Su Shi is also full of happiness in his heart.
Later, in order to remember Su Shi's kindness, the people of Huizhou called the two sections of the embankment of Fenghu Lake Su Causeway as a permanent commemoration. Now, the Su Causeway has become one of the important cultural relics in Huizhou.
Not only did he actively come up with ideas and do good things for the people of Huizhou, but he also had the responsibility to actively promote the implementation of any discoveries he made wherever he went. The Huizhou garrison lacked barracks, and the sergeants and their families were scattered in the homes of the people, and the sergeants often harassed the people, and there were constant conflicts between the army and the people. Su Shi actively suggested that 300 new military camps should be built on the site, so that the sergeants and their families would have a fixed place to live, and the people would be protected from disasters.
In March of the second year of Shaosheng (1095), Su Shi sent Cheng Zhengfu to Boluo, and when he visited Xiangji Temple with Lin Luan, the county commander, Su Shi found that the stream under the temple was turbulent and could be used for water milling, so he suggested that the stream should be intercepted as a dam and a water mill should be built to reduce the labor intensity of farmers' rice milling. After the water mill was completed, Su Shi went to inspect it in person at the invitation of Lin Luan.
In the summer of the third year of Shaosheng (1096), Deng Shou'an, a Taoist priest from Luofu Mountain, told Su Shi that because of the plague epidemic in Guangzhou at the turn of spring and summer because of drinking salty and bitter well water, many people were infected with diseases. He also received a letter from Wang Minzhong, the governor of Guangzhou, who knew that Su Shi had served as a governor in eight prefectures and was well-informed, so he asked his old friends for advice.
Su Shi understands that there is a drip spring after Pujian Temple, not only the amount of water is large, but also the water quality is good, it is recommended to build a large stone trough under the dripping rock of Pujian Mountain, use a large bamboo pipe one by one, introduce the spring water more than 10 miles away into the city, and then build a large stone trough in the city to store water for residents to draw. Wang Minzhong adopted Su Shi's suggestion and soon started construction, using more than 5,000 bamboo pipes to continuously drain spring water into Yangcheng and supply thousands of households. Considering the follow-up maintenance of the project, Su Shi proposed that "Wen Sui should be used as a pipe to divert Pujian water, which is very good." On each rod, a small eye must be drilled, such as the size of a mung bean, and a small bamboo needle should be used to suffocate it to test the plug. ”
Su Shi has the ambition of helping the country and saving the people, and he refuses to stay in Lingnan for a long time. But there is no hope of returning to the north, the family lives in another place, the residence is cramped, I don't know how long I have to stay here, in addition, the eldest son Su Mai is active in assigning a dispatch from Yuezhong, if the thing is successful, the children and grandchildren will come together, Hejianglou will definitely not be able to live, and the conditions in Jiayou Temple are too poor, how can they let their children and grandchildren live in that prison-like place? ”
After repeated consideration, Su Shi decided to build a house and settle here.
So, he asked someone to find a place to build a house. After some efforts, in February and March of the third year of Shaosheng, he finally found a vacant land of several acres on the White Crane Peak in the east of the city, which was an abandoned Taoist temple. Facing the Dongjiang River, the scenery is very beautiful and the environment is elegant. Su Shi liked it very much, and called this place as: "Ten thousand rooms in the goose city, staggered between the two waters; The sea and mountains float and haunt, and the immortal saints fly to and fro. In ancient times, there was a palace, known as a blessed land. ...... Guyi is neighbored, and it is around the tooth and south. Send the sail to the end of the day, and hang the moon at the head of the bed. ("White Crane's New Home on Liang Wen")
Su Shi bought it here and began to prepare bricks and wood and other building materials. According to the topography of Baihe Peak, the house is carefully planned and designed, and it is planned to build a house according to the pattern of two entrances. There are three rooms in front of the hut, which serve as a gatehouse, and there is a courtyard in the middle. The second hall is a hall with three rooms, a living room, a study, a living room, a kitchen and a toilet on the left side, and a corridor connecting the four sides of the house, with a total of 20 rooms. We plan to plant flowers and trees around the house, in the courtyard and along the mountain path.
As soon as the news of the construction spread, ordinary people came to help. Su Shi went up the mountain every day and supervised the construction. In February of the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), the new house soon began to take shape, building 20 houses, covering an area of more than 300 square meters, and digging a well in the courtyard.
He liked this house by the mountains and rivers very much, so he named the house Baiheju. Inspired by "Mencius" and "Book of Songs", he named the main hall "Deyou Neighbor Hall" and the study room "Si Wu Evil Zhai", and wanted to make this the place of the elderly, and wrote the poem "I have bought the White Crane Peak, and I have made the plan for the end of my life" ("Relocation"). Citrus, lychee, bamboo, and other flowers are planted inside and outside the courtyard. At the beginning of leap February, Su Mai and Su Guoxi's two-room family went to Huizhou. On the White Crane Peak, laughter fills the room, and it is very lively. As Su Shi wrote in the poem "Four Songs of Hetao Shiyun": "Dan Dynasty Ding Ding, who pays me money." Children and grandchildren are far away, and there are many laughs. ”
It's a pity that the good times didn't last long, and Su Shi only lived in this new house built with all his money for a little more than two months. On April 27, the edict was issued to Huizhou, tasking Qiongzhou to drive and move to Changhua to resettle the army. The order was urgent, Su Shi could only deal with family affairs hastily, and early on the morning of the third day, that is, on the 29th, the children and grandchildren cried bitterly, thinking that they were dead. Su Shi only took his young son Su Guo, hurriedly left Huizhou by boat, and went to the last stop of his long and derogatory career, Danzhou, Hainan.
From then on, he could only return to Baiheju in his dreams.
"From the east slope to the South China Sea, the world does not dare to small Huizhou. Although Su Shi lived in Huizhou for two years and seven months, it had a huge impact on Huizhou, Dongpo Memorial Hall, Dongpo Park, Dongpo Pavilion, Dongpo Restaurant, Dongpo Shopping Mall, etc. abound, and Su Causeway, Chaoyun Tomb (Liuru Pavilion), but also become a cultural carrier for future generations to commemorate Su Shi.
Su Shi also stayed in Huizhou forever.
The White Crane Mountain Residence was completed, Su Shi was in a good mood, and a song "Longitudinal Brush" (the white head was scattered and full of frost wind, and the small pavilion rattan bed was sick. It was reported that Mr. Spring was sleeping beautifully, and the Taoist beat the fifth watch. It also spread to Bianjing. The ruler Zhang Dun was once a good friend of Su Shi, but now he is a political enemy. When he read this poem, he was quite displeased, and said, "Su Zizhan is still so happy!" Oh, you're living a good life, so you can go to the ends of the earth to play. So another round of blows was set off against the Yuanyou party led by Su Shi, Su Shi was demoted to Qiongzhou Beijiachanghua Army for resettlement, and other relevant personnel were also relegated to the most sinister remote places.
According to history, the rulers played a vicious and cruel word game with them, deciding the place of derogation according to the name of each person. Su Shi's character is Zhan, depreciating Danzhou, Su Zhe's character is by, depreciating Leizhou, and Huang Tingjian's character is straightforward, derogating Yizhou. Liu Zhizi is old and depreciates Xinzhou. I heard that Liu Anshi once told his fortune and said that his fate was particularly good, so he chose a place for Liu Anshi - Zhaozhou, Zhaoyin is bad, you say you have a good life, I will make you a bad one, Zhang Dan's literary "attainments" can be said to be at the peak. At that time, a character tester once predicted: Ziyouzhi Leizhou, there is rain on the head, the situation is the best; Zizhan Zhidanzhou can survive even if there are people in the eye; only the Yizhou of Luzhizhi, Yizi goes to the head, I am afraid that my life will not be guaranteed, and the consequences will come true.
In the Song Dynasty, exile from Hainan was only one level lighter than the crime of beheading.
Hainan Island was established as a county since the Sui Dynasty, and it was still a wild land in the Song Dynasty. Far away from the capital, "the bird flies is still half a year's journey", the natural conditions are difficult, "the weather is mild and humid, the ground is steamy, and Hainan is even worse", most of the officials who were demoted to Hainan at that time were disheartened. Su Shi said in a letter to his friend Wang Gu: "A certain old man has thrown himself into the famine, and there is no hope of resurrection. Spring and the eldest son are already in the future. Now in Hainan, the first is used as a coffin, and the second is a tomb. Throw away the hands and slack the sons, die and bury overseas, life does not fit the coffin, death does not support the coffin. ”
In July, Su Shi arrived in Danzhou (present-day Danxian County, Hainan). The hardships of life are even more than those of Huang and Hui. When he first arrived, he temporarily rented a public house to cover himself, the public house was in disrepair, and he moved three times a night when it rained, Zhang Zhong, the military envoy of Changhua, admired Su Shi and sent someone to repair it slightly, and soon after, the imperial court sent people to inspect the situation of derogatory officials in various places, and the Hunan promotion of Dong Bi, who was intended to cater to high-ranking officials, went to Guangxi to inspect and send messengers across the sea, expelled Su Shi and his son from the official residence, and held Zhang Zhong responsible.
The once dashing Su Shi father and son had to sleep in the betel nut forest in the south of the city and beside the sewage pond for several days. This is not a long-term solution after all. One day, Zhang Zhong invited Su Shi to visit the local Yishi Li Ziyun, and everyone proposed to raise funds to build a house for Su Shi to settle down, Su Shi and his son bought a piece of land in the coconut grove, "Yun Yong Tu to help him", "more than a dozen students to help, bow the battle of mud and water", started to build a thatched house, built three houses, and called himself "Lang Nunnery". One of the rooms for the reception of guests, named "Zaijiutang" after the allusion of "carrying wine and asking words" in the "Hanshu Yangxiong Biography", Su Shi preached and taught to solve doubts, and taught Confucian poetry, calligraphy, etiquette and righteousness, so that the "wild land" of Hainan gradually appeared "the sound of books, the sound of strings everywhere" cultural situation, "the villagers benefited a lot", and cultivated a lot of local students who satisfied themselves. Jiang Tangzuo is a teacher in a local school, he teaches seriously while concentrating on reading, but unfortunately he fails repeatedly. Knowing that Su Shi was demoted to Danzhou, Jiang Tangzuo rushed to apprentice with his old mother, and won the true biography of Su Shi. Before going to take the exam, Su Shi inscribed the poem on his fan, "How can the sea ever break the earth's veins, and the white robe is unprecedented", and encouraged him to "go to the department on a different day, and become this article for the son". The next year, Jiang Tangzuo went north to participate in the examination, and passed through Ruzhou, Henan Province to visit Su Zhe, and learned that Su Shi had died on the way back to the north. Su Zhe wrote the last two sentences on the folding fan of his brother's inscription poem: "Thousands of people look at the brocade clothes every day, and I believe that Dongpo's eyesight is long." This year, Jiang Tangzuo became a senior high school scholar and became the first Dengke person in Hainan.
Su Shi, who lived a life of "no meat, no medicine, no room, no friends, no charcoal in winter, and no cold spring in summer", was not afraid of difficult situations, and interacted with the people with an optimistic and open-minded attitude towards life and made a difference. He helped to cure the people's diseases, led the people to abandon old habits, farmed, opened up schools, and taught the way, writing a strong and colorful stroke in the history of Hainan's cultural development.
Su Shi found that the local people were accustomed to drinking the salty water on the beach, which led to frequent diseases. Therefore, he actively persuaded to change this custom, and led the people to survey the water vein, and dug a well for the people to drink from the well. People near and far followed suit, and the number of diseases was greatly reduced.
In the first month of the third year of Yuanfu (1100), Zhezong died, and Huizong Zhao Ji ascended the throne. In June, Su Shi, who had spent nearly three years in Hainan, received an edict to amnesty and return to the north to settle in Lianzhou. When I set off, there was an endless stream of people and students who came to see him off. He wrote affectionately in "Farewell Hainan Li Min Table": "I am a native of Hainan and parasitize Xishu Prefecture. In "Crossing the Sea on the Night of June 20th", he wrote: "I have no regrets about the nine deaths in the southern wilderness, and I am the best in my life." ”
On July 29, Su Shi was changed to the deputy envoy of the Shuzhou regiment and the resettlement of Yongzhou, and in November, he was promoted to the Chengdu Jade Bureau View, and he lived in the foreign military state. Su Shi returned north from Hainan Island, bumpy all the way, and his body was extremely weak. He unfortunately contracted an illness on the way, and after arriving in Changzhou, his condition never improved. On July 28, the first year of the Yasukuni Kingdom (August 24, 1101 AD), Su Shi died of illness in Changzhou, and after completing his 66-year magnificent and wonderful life journey, he was buried in Emei Mountain, Songyang, Shangruili, Diaoyutai Township, Jiacheng County, Ruzhou (now Sufen Village, Ciba Township, Jiaxian County, Henan). When Song Gaozong posthumously presented the Taishi, he was nicknamed "Wenzhong".
"The heart is like a wood that has been ashes, and the body is like a boat that is not tied. Ask Ru Ping's life achievements, Huangzhou, Huizhou, Danzhou. This poem "Self-titled Portrait of Jinshan" was written by Su Shi when he visited Jinshan Longyou Temple two months before his death, which can be described as the author's review of the past and a summary of his life achievements. After wandering in the world for so long, if you ask me where are the achievements and achievements of my life? These are these three places -- Huangzhou, Huizhou, and Danzhou. These three periods in his life actually happened to be the low point of his life, the period when he experienced hellish tribulations. But for Su Shi, the three places where he suffered the most were the places where he achieved a lifetime and the phoenix nirvana, and the charming brilliance of his life burst out in these three places.
Su Shi was demoted to Danzhou, and later generations are known as "Dongpo is unfortunate in Hainan". To this day, the people of Hainan have always had a deep respect for Su Shi, and the cultural symbols with historical imprints such as Dongpo Village, Dongpo Well, Dongpo Field, Dongpo Road, Dongpo Bridge, Dongpo Hat, Dongpo Ink, Dongpo Dialect and so on have been handed down in Hainan so far, all of which express people's infinite attachment to him. After several ups and downs, Danzhou "Zaijiutang" was officially renamed "Dongpo Academy" during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. After 1949, Dongpo Academy also repaired and added the main hall, the wine hall, the wine pavilion, the corridor and other buildings, and erected the bronze statue of Dongpo sandals and the bronze statue of leaning on it.
As Su Shi said in the poem "Nostalgia for Hezi by Michi", "Life is like everywhere, it should be Feihong stepping on the slush." Occasionally, there are fingers and claws on the mud, and Hongfei counts things. "Su Shi's ups and downs are vast and wonderful, and it is also a life of continuous walking and continuous construction. He never forgot his sense of responsibility to his family and country and the people, cared about the people's welfare, and did his best to seek welfare and do practical things for the people. Or to relieve the suffering of the people, or to benefit the people, for the people's feelings to show the sun and the moon, proud of the world. Build pavilions and pavilions, or chronicle songs, or view the scenery, or for the people to rest, or help celebrities to gather, and from the pavilions and pavilions after the naming, inscription, writing, inscription, poems, couplets, inscriptions, etc., and the countless romantic and elegant things that arise later, forming a very distinctive pavilion and pavilion culture. Most of the pavilions and pavilion poems written by Su Shi have also become famous. Everywhere he went, he built a simple but warm home for himself and his family, which not only sheltered him from the wind and rain, but also created a spiritual home for himself to put his soul, express his feelings, lick his wounds, and overcome suffering. "My life is like a parasitic ear, what is my house", although sometimes "the heart is like a gray wood", but there can also be the joy of "this heart is my hometown". It is precisely because of the support of home that we can have the chic and open-minded and leisurely "looking back at the bleak place, and there is no wind and rain and no sunshine".
Su Shi was immersed in Confucianism and adhered to the life creed of "learning from things, sincerity and righteousness, self-cultivation and family, and governing the country and leveling the world". No matter how poor he is, he actively joins the WTO, does his best, and does his best to benefit the world. Therefore, he clearly said in "Su Shi Yi Biography": "A gentleman has the responsibility to the world, and if he can save it, he will save it, and if he can save it, he can be right...... and he will be right" and said in "Answer to Chen Shizhong's Main Book": "Life is like morning dew, and if you like it, you can do it, so why do you have time to think about the poor?" This may be the ideological basis for Su Shi to do some practical things for the people no matter whether he is in good times or bad.
Lin Yutang said, "Su Shi's greatest charm is not to let his heart be swallowed by the environment, but to go beyond the environment and illuminate the road of life with the light of his heart." No matter how much frustration and ups and downs life gives him, he will not lose his true colors at all. ”
In the world of life, there is a small passerby. Su Shi, in the crowd of billions of people, lived a wonderful self, depicting a proud world, standing in the past and the present, only this one has no other branches!
Su Shi's footprints are all over most of China, Meishan, Bianliang, Hangzhou, Huangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou, Huizhou, Danzhou, Changzhou, which are full of Dongpo memory, familiar, vivid and fragrant place names, which are the places that many slope iron fans yearn for. I have lived and worked for a long time in Po Gong once passed through the Mianchi, his "Hezi by the Mianchi Nostalgia" made the ancient city of Mianchi become the Ludian aura in the vast literary classics, Hangzhou, Kaifeng I have also stopped menstruation several times. He also made a special trip to the tomb of Mr. Sufen Village, Ciba Township, Jiaxian County, to express his respect and offer a petal of heart incense. In this life, I am more than half a hundred years old, and my only long-cherished wish is that in my lifetime, I will be fortunate enough to go to this place full of Mr. Love, take a walk on the path that Mr. has walked, take a look at Mr. Love's legacy, and listen to the sound of Xiaoxiao bamboo and the surging river that accompanies Mr......