Underground construction
It means that the entire main body of the building is underground
It is used for production, storage and parking of vehicles
Layout of commercial outlets, etc
and an underground group connected by an underpass
This type of relatively enclosed underground space
In the event of a fire
Thick smoke does not easily escape
Evacuation and extinguishing difficulties
It is very easy to cause casualties and property damage
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Case 1
Daejeon, South Korea
On July 26, 2022, a fire broke out in a shopping mall in Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea. According to the Daejeon Fire Department, the cause of the fire was a fire near the loading and unloading yard in the basement parking lot of the shopping center, which was instantly filled with black smoke.
Case 2
Shanghai Minhang
On January 15, 2024, a fire broke out in Qibao Vanke Plaza in Minhang, Shanghai, and a large amount of smoke filled the mall. After investigation, the cause of the fire was a fire in the distribution cabinet 1 of the distribution room on the first floor of the basement, and there were no casualties at the scene, and the fire area was about 1 square meter.
Case 3
Harbin, Heilongjiang
On November 15, 2021, a fire broke out in an underground comprehensive market in Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, with thick smoke billowing from the scene, and hundreds of people were quickly evacuated.
In the face of fire, calm and avoid danger
Underground sites are narrow due to the lack of passages
Seal all around
Poor air convection
Thick smoke and high temperatures are not easily lost
Firefighting is even more difficult
In the event of a fire
People tend to be more than anywhere else
It's even more tense in the event of a fire
The mood for escape is even more urgent
It is not clear the direction when evacuating
Panic
Loss of a favorable chance to escape
So when facing a fire, you should respond calmly
Let's learn about these first~
What are the characteristics of fires in underground places?
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01
There is more heat on site, more soot
Underground buildings produce fires, the air is insufficient, and some solid combustibles will consume a relatively longer time in the process of combustion, and at the same time the heat will be greater and the smoke will be more. The application of some new building construction materials can produce more decomposition products on the basis of fire combustion, which poses a relatively greater threat to the life safety of on-site personnel.
02
There are certain difficulties in the evacuation of personnel
After a fire, the power supply in the underground building cannot be supplied normally, and there is no natural light source when the personnel in the underground building escape, and the environment is very complex, and there are relatively few escape exits compared with the ground building. As the fire intensified, there was more and more smoke, making it more difficult for people to evacuate.
03
Lack of oxygen seriously affects the safety of personnel
The air in the underground building itself is insufficient, and the combustion process needs oxygen, and the phenomenon of hypoxia is extremely serious, which is a relatively large threat to the human body. When the oxygen content in the air is reduced to 15%, the body's muscle activity will be weakened, close to 10% will cause the human body to lose strength, and even produce the problem of judgment error, less than 10%, will cause people to faint, if it is less than 5%, it will even lead to death. Lack of oxygen has a serious impact on the safety of people in underground buildings.
04
The temperature also rises at a faster rate
In the event of a fire in an underground building, the smoke cannot be released in a short time, and the heat cannot be removed, and the spread of the fire will lead to a continuous rise in the space temperature inside the underground building, and even a deflagration phenomenon occurs in a short time. The volume of air inside the underground building expands due to the influence of heat, and the concentration of various harmful gases also increases, resulting in the continuous increase of the overall temperature in the underground building space environment.
How to quickly escape in the event of a fire in an underground place?
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First of all, there must be a sense of escape
Anyone entering an underground site must observe the layout of its facilities and structures, and remember evacuation routes and safe exits and locations.
Evacuate the danger zone quickly
Quickly evacuate to the ground, refuge rooms, smoke-proof rooms and other safety areas by means of self-rescue and mutual rescue.
Combining fire extinguishing with escape
In strict accordance with the fireproof partition or smoke-proof partition, close the fire door to prevent the fire from spreading or suffocating the fire, control the initial fire within the minimum range, and take all possible measures to extinguish the initial fire.
Crawl forward, don't take a deep breath
When escaping, try to keep your head low, don't take deep breaths, and cover your mouth and nose with wet clothing or a towel if possible to prevent smoke from entering your airways.
Wait calmly for rescue
In the unlikely event that the evacuation route is blocked by a fire, try to find a way to prolong the survival time and wait for the firefighters to come to the rescue.
in a word
In the event of a fire in an underground place
Stay calm and familiarize yourself with the environment
Take the right way to escape
It's very important!
Source: Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, China Fire and Rescue