From the establishment of the Qin Dynasty and the establishment of the emperor system by Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC to the abdication of Puyi in 1912, the feudal imperial system of the mainland for more than 2,000 years, there have been 494 emperors, among which who is the first emperor of the nine dynasties of Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing?
1. Qin Dynasty: Qin II
Qin Shi Huang, is the first emperor of the mainland, but also an emperor through the ages, he destroyed the six kingdoms (Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, Qi), established the Qin Dynasty, but also unified currency, writing, weights and measures, the establishment of the county system, etc., the merits are unparalleled, but his son Hu Hai is a faint monarch.
Hu Hai, the second emperor of Qin, was the 18th son of Qin Shi Huang.
In 210 BC, after Qin Shi Huang fell ill during his fifth eastern tour, he left an edict to let his eldest son Fusu come to preside over his funeral and inherit the throne.
Zhao Gao, the confidant eunuch next to Qin Shi Huang, was in charge of the Fu Xi Order, he was worried that after Fusu became the emperor, he would reuse Meng Tian, Meng Yi and other cronies to make himself fall out of favor, so in order to maintain his existing power, he united with Hu Hai and Li Si to plan the Dune Incident, killed Fusu, and supported Hu Hai to become the emperor. After Hu Hai became emperor, he was afraid that his brothers and sisters would covet his throne, so he brutally killed 21 brothers and 10 sisters. The Meng family, which has been loyal to the Qin State for generations, and many famous generals such as Meng Fu, Meng Wu, and Meng Tian appeared, was also exterminated by Hu Hai.
Hu Hai was a brutal and deaf man, he listened to Zhao Gao's slander, and killed the right prime minister Feng Quji, the general Feng Zheng, the left prime minister Li Si and other important ministers. Zhao Gao also pointed to the deer as a horse in front of Hu Hai, and took the opportunity to get rid of many ministers who were not attached to him, resulting in traitors in the court, and the real power fell into the hands of Zhao Gao. Later, after the people of the world were dissatisfied with the tyranny of Hu Hai and Zhao Gao, and raised troops against Qin, Zhao Gao was worried that Hu Hai would kill him to vent his anger when he learned that his country was in danger, so he did not stop doing two things, and sent his henchmen into the palace to kill Hu Hai.
2. Han Dynasty: Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty
Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, the 12th emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and the concubine of Emperor Liu Zheng of the Han Yuan Dynasty and Empress Wang Zhengjun of Xiaoyuan.
During the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, he was addicted to wine, lewdness, favored the two sisters Zhao Feiyan and Zhao Hede, ignored the government and politics, and almost all the major policies were controlled by the queen mother's family. The Wang family, which leaned towards the government and the opposition, was mostly the sons of gentlemen, living a luxurious life, comparing themselves with each other, resulting in darkness in the court, the people were not able to make a living, and peasant uprisings and iron officials and apprentices uprisings broke out in various places one after another. Seven years ago, Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty died of illness due to excessive drinking, and Wang Mang took sole power with the help of his aunt Wang Zhengjun. In 1 AD, Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty and established himself as emperor, and the Western Han Dynasty perished.
Emperor Liu Hong of the Han Dynasty, the 12th emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the great-grandson of Emperor Liu Wei of the Han Dynasty, and the son of Liu Chang, the Marquis of the Jiedu Pavilion.
During the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, he indulged in wine, favored the eunuchs and others, connived at the eunuchs' misdeeds, extorted money from the people, and wantonly looted the people's fat and ointment, so that the court was corrupted to the extreme, resulting in the people's misery, and there were uprisings such as the Yellow Turban Army Uprising and the Liangzhou Rebellion in various places.
In 189, after the death of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, internal strife broke out between relatives and eunuchs because of the struggle for power and profit, which gave Dong Zhuo the opportunity to lead his troops into Beijing and control the court. After that, Dong Zhuo rebelled and poisoned Emperor Shao of the Han Dynasty, which aroused the dissatisfaction of the people of the world and plunged the Eastern Han Dynasty into chaos.
3. Jin Dynasty: Sima Zhen
Sima Zhen, the son of Sima Yan.
Sima Zhen was intellectually low, and Sima Yan passed the throne to him, but he was incapable of managing the court, and the power fell into the hands of Empress Jia Nanfeng.
During Jia Nanfeng's reign, he did evil, suppressed dissidents, persecuted harem concubines, and was loyal and good, and committed many crimes. In 300, in order to consolidate his power, Jia Nanfeng killed the crown prince Sima Shu, which caused dissatisfaction among the people of the world, and Sima Lun, the king of Zhao, raised an army to kill Jia Nanfeng.
After the death of Jia Nanfeng, Sima Liang, King of Runan, Sima Wei, King of Chu, Sima Lun, King of Zhao, Sima Jian, King of Qi, Sima Yi, King of Changsha, Sima Ying, King of Chengdu, Sima Hao, King of Hejian, and Sima Yue, King of the East China Sea, broke out in the Eight Kings Rebellion in order to compete for power. Sima Zhen continued to become a puppet of the kings of the Western Jin Dynasty, and was even deposed, imprisoned, and humiliated twice. In 306, Sima Zhen was poisoned by Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea.
Fourth, the Sui Dynasty: Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty
Emperor Yang Guang of Sui, the second son of Emperor Wen of Sui.
Yang Guang, the history books record that he is "beautiful and smart". When he was young, Yang Guang lived a simple life and had outstanding talents, he once led the army to destroy Chen, governed Jiangnan and made meritorious contributions, etc., so that his father Yang Jian and mother Dugu Jialuo loved him very much, and finally deposed the prince Yang Yong and set up Yang Guang as the prince.
After becoming the emperor and holding the power, Yang Guang's nature was exposed, he was so happy, he was so reckless, he built the Grand Canal, Luoyang Palace, and conquered Goguryeo three times, which consumed the national strength of the Sui Dynasty and made the people miserable, and they rose up against him, resulting in the death of the Sui Dynasty II.
5. Tang Dynasty: Tang Xizong
Tang Yizong Li Yi, the 18th emperor of the Tang Dynasty, the fifth son of Tang Yizong Li Yizong.
During the reign of Tang Xizong, he was extravagant, reused eunuchs and traitors, and neglected the people's livelihood, which led to the darkness of the Tang Dynasty, serious corruption, and the people's misery.
During the period of Tang Xizong, wars were frequent, and there were rebellions such as the Huangchao Uprising. The decline of the Tang Dynasty began with the Anshi Rebellion during the reign of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. From 755 to 763, the Tang Dynasty spent 8 years to quell the Anshi Rebellion, but the emperors of the late Tang Dynasty never solved the two stubborn problems of eunuch dictatorship and feudal town separation. Tang Xizong was only 12 years old when he succeeded to the throne, he was incapable of managing the government, and was ruled by eunuchs. In 888, when Tang Xizong died, he was only 27 years old.
6. Song Dynasty: Huizong of the Song Dynasty
Huizong of Song, the eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, the 11th son of Shenzong of the Song Dynasty.
Zhao Ji of Song Huizong was a talented emperor with high attainments in calligraphy and painting, but his ability to govern the country was very low. During his reign, he pursued extravagance, political corruption, and ineffective diplomacy, and also favored traitors such as Cai Jing and Tong Guan, connived at their corruption, looted the people's property, and the people's grievances broke out, and peasant uprisings such as the Fangla Uprising broke out. In 1125, when the Jin army invaded the Great Song Dynasty in the south, Song Huizong did not reuse good generals and organized soldiers and horses to actively resist, but in order to avoid becoming the king of the country, he ceded the throne to his son Zhao Huan.
After Zhao Huan of Song Qinzong succeeded to the throne, although he set out to get rid of Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Wang Hao, Liang Shicheng, Zhu Mian, Li Yan and other six thieves of the Northern Song Dynasty, it could not change the military weakness of the Great Song Dynasty. In 1127, the Jin army broke through Bianjing, the capital of the Great Song Dynasty, and Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were captured, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were captured and sent to the Jin Kingdom, where they suffered humiliations such as the sheep ceremony, and finally died tragically in the Jin Kingdom.
VII. Yuan Dynasty: Emperor Yuan
Emperor Yuan Shun is the son of Emperor Yuan and Shi, the 15th emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the 15th Khan of Mongolia.
In the early days of Emperor Yuan Shun's reign, he overthrew the powerful minister Boyan, and after realizing the pro-government, he also wanted to have something to do, he was diligent in political affairs, appointed people such as Toto, and took a series of reform measures to save the Yuan Dynasty from danger, but the internal contradictions of the Yuan Dynasty were very acute, and the accumulated disadvantages were difficult to change, after Yuan Shun was unable to turn things around, he began to give up on himself, gradually neglected the government, and indulged in pleasure, which led to the continuous internal struggle of the Yuan Dynasty, and the external peasant uprisings broke out, and the Yuan Shun Emperor lost control of the situation, and finally the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed by Zhu Yuanzhang, and the Yuan Shun Emperor fled north to the Mongolian steppe.
8. Ming Dynasty: Zhu Qizhen
Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen is the sixth emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the eldest son of Zhu Zhanji of Ming Xuanzong.
Zhu Zhanji left Zhu Qizhen a prosperous era: the rule of Renxuan. In the early days of Zhu Qizhen's reign, there were three Yangs (Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, Yang Pu) auxiliary government, which continued the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty, but after the death of the three Yangs, Zhu Qizhen favored the eunuch Wang Zhen, which led to the gradual decline of the Ming Dynasty.
In 1449, Wang Zhen was dissatisfied with the warat national teacher Yexian because of the withholding of rewards from the envoys of Wara, and he began to lead his troops to attack the Ming Dynasty.
At the instigation of Wang Zhen, Zhu Qizhen personally drove the expedition and led his troops to resist Warat. By Zhu Qizhen's side, there were famous generals such as the British Duke Zhang Fu, but he handed over the army to the command of the eunuch Wang Zhen. Wang Zhen's lack of military literacy and command errors led to the defeat of the Ming army at Tumubao to the Wara army, hundreds of thousands of elite Ming army were lost, the British Duke Zhang Fu and other important ministers were killed in battle, and Zhu Qizhen was also captured by Wara.
After being captured, he also took Zhu Qizhen hostage to attack Daming. At the critical moment, Yu Qian stepped forward, supported Zhu Qiyu to become the emperor, and defeated Yexian in the defense of Beijing to keep the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Qizhen was captured by Wara and released back to Daming after a year of capture. Zhu Qiyu was afraid that Zhu Qizhen would compete with him for the throne, so he put him under house arrest. 8 years later, after Zhu Qiyu fell ill, because there was no heir, Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen and others launched a change to seize the door for their own interests, rescued Zhu Qizhen from Nangong, and supported him to become the emperor.
After Zhu Qizhen became emperor for the second time, he demoted Zhu Qiyu to a prince, and executed Yu Qian, who had made great contributions in the defense of Beijing.
9. Qing Dynasty: Xianfeng
Xianfeng Aixin Jueluo Yixun, the fourth son of Emperor Daoguang and the ninth emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty, because of its isolation from the country, caused it to lag behind the Western countries. In the early days of Xianfeng, in order to save the rule of the Qing court, he was also diligent in government affairs and carried out a series of reforms, but due to his mediocre ability, he did not achieve the desired results. Inside the Qing Dynasty, there was the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom and the Twist Army uprising, and externally there was an invasion by foreign powers. In 1860, after the Qing Dynasty suffered a crushing defeat to the British and French forces in the Second Opium War, Beijing was broken by the British and French forces, and Xianfeng fled to Chengde. After the defeat, Xianfeng was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties with Britain and France.
After the Second Opium War, Xianfeng began to abandon himself, indulged in pleasure, and handed over state affairs to his concubine Cixi, which laid the foundation for Cixi's subsequent rise to power. Since then, Xianfeng has never returned to Beijing. In 1861, Xianfeng died in Chengde Summer Resort.