#记录我的生活#
Today's construction industry appeared four monsters, but also from 46 years ago, the construction industry has been from 1978 ago, to shoulder to shoulder as the main mode of production, to today has a large number of international advanced level of construction equipment mechanized production mode, basically to meet the needs of modern construction. Before 1978, the construction industry was completely managed by the government, and all of it was planned, prepared and constructed by the state. The construction personnel are also fully regular employees of the state, and the labor remuneration is also implemented in the monthly wage system and according to your technical level, the post is graded.
The overall quality of the construction personnel at that time is still OK, especially the safety awareness and self-protection awareness of the construction personnel at that time are relatively high, which is probably related to the way of salary payment at the beginning, because the construction personnel at that time no matter how much you do, as long as the personnel at the same level get the same remuneration, commonly known as the big pot rice, which is also a significant feature of the planned economic system. Under the planned economic system, although there are no of the four strange phenomena that have emerged today driven by profits, economic and social development has been seriously restricted.
The Third Plenary Session of the 11 th CPC Central Committee re-established the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, made a strategic decision to shift the focus of the work of the party and the state to socialist modernization, and put forward the strategic decision of "giving priority to the planned economy and supplementing it with market regulation." Subsequently, in 1981, construction enterprises began to experiment with the system of contract workers and temporary workers, and promulgated the "Economic Contract Law", which broke the employment system under the planned economic system. After combing, the development of the construction industry has gone through about four stages.
The first stage, that is, 1981~1991, is to accelerate the reform and implement the stage of business contracting. In 1982, the construction industry began to implement the "Lu Buge" project management experience, marked by the separation of management and labor layer, and the project method construction as a breakthrough. The implementation of this policy has also officially begun to widen the income gap between management and labor. Some of the regular employees of enterprises began to transfer to the management level, and those who could not enter the management began to gradually transfer to the post or other placement, and the migrant workers began to pour into the cities in large numbers and began to take on the heavy responsibility of the labor layer of the construction industry. Since then, the construction industry has officially begun to break the eight-hour work system.
The second stage (1992~2000) is the stage of comprehensive innovation and the implementation of market economy. Before 1992, the construction industry has not been fully liberalized, and many enterprises still implement the production management type, and after 1992, it has been transformed from production management to production and operation. In terms of the project, the business contracting system has been basically fully implemented. In March 1998, the "Construction Law of the People's Republic of China" was promulgated, and since then, the construction industry has entered the development track of legalization.
The third stage (2001~2010) transformation and upgrading, maintaining a rapid growth stage. By 2001, the country began to "base itself on the concept of scientific development". Focus on independent innovation, improve the system and mechanism, and promote the overall requirements of social harmony. At this time, private enterprises began to participate in, control, and acquire state-owned enterprises, completely changing the original system and mechanism of state-owned enterprises. Since then, the organizational structure of general construction contracting, specialized contracting, and labor subcontracting has gradually taken shape.
In addition to achieving rapid economic growth at this stage, it has also exposed the low quality of development, the low level of standardization, backward management methods, large consumption of construction resources, outstanding carbon emissions, the inability to pay migrant workers' wages on time, poor accommodation conditions for migrant workers, the advance of construction enterprises, and the untimely payment of project funds by construction units, especially the number of safety accidents and the number of casualties are increasing year by year.
The fourth stage (2011~present) deepens reform and moves towards a stage of high-quality development. After 2011, in the face of the problems existing in the development of the construction industry, the state began to govern with an iron fist, and successively revised the "Construction Law of the People's Republic of China", "Work Safety Law of the People's Republic of China", "Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Safety Production", "Regulations on the Quality Management of Construction Projects", "Regulations on Ensuring the Payment of Migrant Workers' Wages", "Attendance System for Project Management Personnel" and other documents, which played an important role in the high-quality development of the construction industry. However, there are policies and countermeasures, and some enterprises or individuals can always exploit the loopholes of the national system, which directly affects the sustainable and healthy development of the construction industry, and the most prominent problems are the following four strange appearances.
The first strange appearance is that those who bid do not work, and those who work do not bid. Although this strange appearance does not represent all in the construction industry, it also occupies a certain market share. The state has repeatedly ordered and reaffirmed that illegal subcontracting, subcontracting at all levels, and illegal subcontracting are strictly prohibited, but there are ways to deal with these people. The bidder may be a large enterprise in name, but in fact an individual, the bidder because there is no project management team, there is no resource, often is to extract a few points from it and subcontract to another person, the setter after the calculation of the profit is not high and their own management level is limited, for the sake of insurance, simply he took a few points and then subcontracted to a third party.
The project is in the hands of a third party, and after the above two goose plucking, it is conceivable how much profit it can make. The most important thing is that the third person is also responsible for the management fee given to an enterprise, some enterprises may have a higher project management, naturally the enterprise will be configured on the project management team, some projects because after layers of peeling, the management fee of the enterprise to borrow qualifications is very low, and the natural family will not be stationed in the project management team, and the management of the project is completely managed by the third party who is subcontracted at all levels, so there is a phenomenon that all management personnel and filing personnel on the project are inconsistent.
Such a project from the beginning of the quality and safety of the project buried hidden dangers, the biggest problem is the lack of capital investment, especially the lack of security capital investment, first of all, because there is no profit mainly by reducing the normal cost of the project to maintain the operation of the project, secondly, because the background is a personal contract, naturally there is no formal project management team, the actual manager is basically no education, no experience, no qualifications of the three no personnel, and the number is also quite different from the filing requirements. It is no wonder that in the investigation report of every production safety liability accident, there are often descriptions like this: "illegal subcontracting, illegal subcontracting, long-term absence of the project manager for the record, contracting the project beyond the qualification level, and the on-site production manager is not qualified."
This kind of strange appearance is also the most prominent problem that induces production safety accidents, the main feature is that the contractor has no profit at this level of direct production, and completely relies on cutting corners to maintain operations, but from here to pursue profits, it should be said that the project has been in a state of sick operation from the beginning, and no accidents are accidental. However, the actual contract fee paid by the construction unit is not low, just as the project leader of some construction units said bluntly at the meeting, the contract fee we give you is not low, at least more than 20% of the profit. The on-site person in charge of this project could only smile bitterly after hearing this, and said in his heart that there are so many in our hands!
Bidding quality is the first pass to ensure the quality and safety of the project, therefore, the state should start from the first pass, the bidding stage has enterprise prequalification, personnel qualification review, project manager defense, from this if strict control can be non-compliant bidders screened out, after the start of the project, if the state spot check review management is strict, must implement the record personnel and the actual personnel are consistent, even if he is personally contracted will force the bidding enterprises must actually enter the management. Naturally, the possibility of two or three illegal subcontracting has been ruined. At the same time, after the formation of practice, these individual contractors will be forced to slowly withdraw from the market.
The second strange appearance is that the project manager has no project, and there is a lack of project manager on the project. This situation is also a common non-compliance in the current construction market. The fundamental reason lies in the actual person in charge of these projects, who often find a company qualification for bidding at the beginning of the project bidding, and in order to reduce safety risks, the company often negotiates to send a project manager or project team to the site during the negotiation. In the operation of the project, there is often a reason that because there is no run-in period in advance, the cooperation between each other may not be smooth, resulting in the withdrawal of the project manager, and another possibility is that the actual person in charge of the project in order to reduce personnel costs or make it easier to cut corners to negotiate or forcibly require the project manager to withdraw from the site.
Where this kind of project behind the actual person in charge, on-site management may not be good, but the personnel relationship is quite remarkable, even in the state for the record of the project manager, the requirements must be on site management is quite strict today, they can still pass the test smoothly in a variety of inspections, enterprises see here is also a blind eye. Today, when there are not many construction projects, the record project manager is forced to not be able to work on the project, which leads to the project manager having nothing to do or even being unemployed at home, which also leads to the strange appearance that the project manager has no project and the project lacks a project manager.
The third strange appearance is that you can't win the bid by virtue of the strength of the enterprise, and you can win the bid by virtue of the relationship. Sometimes the strength of the central state-owned enterprises, due to the relatively few projects at that time, in order to strive for a project not only stationed a considerable strength of the management team, and the price is also relatively low, with the imperative mentality to bid, however, the results of the bidding are often unexpected, you really can't win the bid, the reason is that the individual who hangs the qualification to find which enterprise is also very strong to get a lot of qualification scores than your regular enterprises, plus some subjective points by the subjective tendency of the bidding scoring personnel, at the same time, the adoption of the lowest price winning method,
It can also be said that people tailor the scoring method for a certain winning bidder. It's not surprising that no matter how great your strength is, you can't win the bid. Of course, it can, but it's just a question of whether you want to take care of it, first of all, the bid evaluation experts must be extracted from the expert database, and the whole process of bidding and bidding, including signing the contract in the future, will be monitored by the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. If non-compliance is found, the scoring experts will be severely punished, disqualified, or criminally punished, which will definitely achieve good results.
The fourth strange appearance is that those who can manage it don't care, and let those who can't manage it take care of it. For example, in the bidding stage, it is easy to exclude the bidders beyond the qualification level, but they can pass the test smoothly, and so after the accident, when the investigation and evidence collection, the responsibility is actually pushed to the supervisor, just imagine, your construction unit organizes the bidding, and the expert review can be completely contained, since you are not excluded, there must be an extraordinary reason here, do you expect the supervisor to be able to manage?
There is also the problem of the long-term absence of the project manager of the construction unit, this matter is still one of the common phenomena even in today's strict management of the state, if from the perspective of national administration, the construction unit wants to control this problem by economic means is not difficult at all, but it is not to care, it is necessary to let the supervisor to manage, the supervisor has no choice, so he has to issue a supervision notice to require the construction unit to record the project manager to be present and notify the construction unit, but it is just talking.
In any case, once there is an accident, it constitutes one of the criminal responsibilities of the supervisor, "the project manager of the construction unit was not present for a long time, and the supervisor only issued a supervision notice, but there was no effective management". The determination of accident responsibility should not only be pursued for the sake of accountability, but one of the bases for the determination of follow-up projects, which should not be held accountable, and should not be held accountable, which is bound to promote the psychology of speculators to continue to violate laws and regulations, and is very unfavorable to the sustainable and healthy development of follow-up construction projects.
The above strange appearances have a commonality, that is, they know that they are breaking the law, but no one cares about the relationship when it comes to it. Those who want to manage can't manage it, and those who can manage it don't take care of it; those who can do it have nothing to do, and those who can't do it are doing it; they can't get the project by virtue of their real talents, and they can win the bid by virtue of their relationships are the main reasons for inducing quality and safety accidents. If we start from the source of bidding, first control the quality of entrants, and then strictly implement the relevant provisions of national access after the start of construction, and severely crack down on those enterprises that subjectively violate laws and regulations or the actual person in charge behind the scenes, and gradually form a social atmosphere of the industry, and the construction industry will inevitably usher in a harmonious environment with a clean and prosperous atmosphere.
Objectively speaking, the four strange aspects existing in the current environment of the mainland's construction industry are mainly related to the current economic development of the mainland, the overall quality of the people, and the people's ideological realm. However, we have reason to believe that the society is always moving forward, and the ideological realm of the people will continue to improve, and we clearly see that the humanistic environment of the project construction has been far better than before, which fully demonstrates the progress of the society and the improvement of the overall quality of the people.
#精品长文创作季#