Peng Xiaojun
Anshun Operation Management Center of Guizhou Highway Development Group Co., Ltd
Abstract: As a typical highway pavement structure, asphalt pavement is widely used because of its unique elasticity, fatigue resistance and good airtightness. However, in the actual use process, asphalt pavement may have early diseases, such as rutting, cracking, oil floating, etc., affecting its normal service life. Based on this, this paper analyzes the types and causes of early diseases of highway asphalt pavement, conducts in-depth research on its maintenance and construction management, and proposes corresponding optimization measures, aiming to provide strong technical support for ensuring the pavement quality of mainland highways.
Keywords: highways; asphalt pavement; early disease; conservation management; construction optimization;
About author:PENG Xiaojun (1987—), male, bachelor's degree, engineer, engaged in highway maintenance.
0 Introduction
With the rapid development of the mainland economy, the construction and operation of expressways has become the main mode of modern transportation. As a typical pavement structure, asphalt pavement is widely used in highway pavement. However, due to many factors such as design, construction, materials and environment, various diseases may occur in the use of asphalt pavement, such as cracks, ruts, looseness, oiling, etc., affecting its normal service life. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the maintenance and construction management of early diseases of highway asphalt pavement.
1 The significance of early disease maintenance of highway asphalt pavement
The key to the maintenance and management of early highway diseases is to grasp the timing of maintenance. Numerous engineering practices have shown that the performance of asphalt pavements is reduced by about 40% during 75% of their service life, and this is the best time to carry out preventive maintenance [1]. At this stage, if effective maintenance measures are not taken in time, the pavement performance will be reduced by another 40% in the subsequent 12% of the life cycle, which is the corrective maintenance stage. Maintenance in the corrective maintenance phase will greatly increase the maintenance cost, and the pavement performance will deteriorate rapidly, as shown in Figure 1:
Fig.1. Pavement condition change curve Download the original image
1.1 Reduce maintenance costs
Through daily maintenance inspections, early diseases can be detected and treated in a timely manner, preventing diseases from further expanding into more serious damage, helping to reduce more complex and expensive restoration construction, and reducing overall maintenance costs.
1.2 Extend the service life of the road
Through regular inspection, repair and maintenance, the aging process of asphalt pavement can be effectively delayed, the durability of pavement can be improved, and the service life of the road can be further extended on the basis of meeting the design life, and a lot of infrastructure investment can be saved.
1.3 Ensure road driving safety
Timely detection and treatment of early diseases can reduce the risks in the process of vehicle driving, such as reducing tire wear and avoiding vehicle loss of control, which is of great significance to ensure highway driving safety and reduce the incidence of traffic accidents.
1.4 Improve driving comfort
Early disease maintenance and management of highways can help improve driving comfort. A good road surface reduces vibration and noise during vehicle travel, improving the comfort of drivers and passengers.
2 Analysis of early disease types and causes of highway asphalt pavement
2.1 Cracks
Cracks are one of the common early diseases of asphalt pavement, which are cracks of different lengths on asphalt pavement, including transverse cracks, longitudinal cracks and irregular cracks. The main causes of cracks include asphalt mixture aging, stress concentration, temperature change, base deformation and construction quality problems. The formation of cracks can affect the structural performance, comfort and durability of the road.
2.2 Ruts
Under the action of repeated traffic loads, the transverse depression phenomenon on the surface of the asphalt pavement is called rutting. The causes include unreasonable design of asphalt mixture, unreasonable design of asphalt structural layer, uneven strength of road base, construction quality problems, etc. According to the cause of rutting, it is mainly divided into structural ruts, flow ruts, compacted ruts and abrasion ruts, as shown in Figure 2. In the process of rutting formation, factors such as the compaction degree of the asphalt structural layer, the fatigue resistance of the mixture and the bearing capacity of the base layer may have an impact on the development of ruts, and affect the flatness and service life of the road.
Figure 2 Different types of ruts Download the original image
2.3 Matsusan
The phenomenon of sand peeling on the surface of asphalt pavement is usually called loosening. The main causes include unreasonable design of asphalt mixture, poor paving compaction quality, and asphalt quality problems [2]. Loose formation reduces the coefficient of friction and service life of the road.
2.4 Pits
A pothole refers to a local depression or damage phenomenon on the asphalt pavement. The causes of potholes include traffic loads, water erosion, and aging of asphalt mixture. In the process of pothole formation, factors such as wear resistance, weather resistance and fatigue resistance of asphalt mixture will have an impact on the development of potholes. Pothole disease can affect the smoothness, comfort and safety of the road.
2.5 Oiling
Oiling refers to the phenomenon of oil film on the surface of asphalt pavement, which will reduce the adhesion of the pavement. The causes of flooding include high oil-stone ratio in asphalt mixture, asphalt quality problems, construction quality problems and environmental factors. The disease can affect the skid resistance of the road and driving safety.
2.6 Packing
Congestion refers to the local uplift phenomenon of asphalt pavement, which mainly includes the unreasonable design of asphalt mixture, insufficient bearing capacity of the base layer, and paving compaction problems in the construction process. The formation of congestion disease will seriously affect the smoothness of the road and the driving comfort.
2.7 Subsidence
Subsidence refers to the local depression phenomenon of asphalt pavement, which usually occurs at the joints of the pavement and around the drainage system. The causes of subsidence include subgrade settlement, insufficient bearing capacity of the base layer, and insufficient compaction of asphalt mixture. Once subsidence diseases are formed, they can affect the flatness and service life of roads [3].
3 Methods for maintenance and management of early diseases of asphalt pavement
3.1 Crack maintenance management
Regular inspections and timely detection of cracks are the key to preventing the deterioration of crack disease. Once crack disease occurs, it should be treated in time. The main maintenance management methods include crack cleaning, crack filling and crack sealing. During the curing treatment, the cracks should be cleaned first, the debris and moisture in the cracks should be removed, and then the cracks should be filled with appropriate filling materials to prevent moisture and debris from entering the cracks and slow down the crack expansion. Finally, the cracks are closed to increase the waterproof performance of the pavement.
3.2 Rutting maintenance management
The maintenance and management methods of rutting diseases mainly include paving asphalt mixture repair, cold recycling technology repair, removal and replacement repair, etc. Among them, the repair of paving asphalt mixture is to remove the damaged road surface and re-pave the asphalt mixture. Cold recycling technology repair is the use of raw materials for damaged pavement for regenerative repair. Removal and resurfacing repair is the removal of damaged pavement and the replacement of the asphalt surface with a new asphalt surface. For rutting disease, choosing the appropriate repair method can effectively extend the service life of the road surface.
3.3 Loose maintenance management
For loose diseases, it mainly includes maintenance and management methods such as cleaning loose particles, spraying sealing layer and re-paving surface layer. First, the loose pavement is swept to remove loose particles, and then the sealing layer is sprayed to increase the adhesion of the pavement. For severely loose pavement, consider repaving the surface layer. Through the above maintenance and management measures, the anti-skid performance of the pavement can be effectively improved.
3.4 Pit maintenance management
The key to the maintenance and management of potholes is regular inspections and timely repairs. Pothole diseases mainly include maintenance and management methods such as pothole cleaning, damaged pavement repair, and waterproofing treatment [4]. The specific processing method is divided into the following steps:
(1) Clean the pit to remove debris and moisture.
(2) Use appropriate repair materials to repair the damaged pavement.
(3) Carry out waterproof treatment to prevent moisture from invading the roadbed.
3.5 Oiling maintenance management
The maintenance and management methods of flooding diseases mainly include cleaning the road surface, spraying anti-slip agents and re-paving the surface layer. During the maintenance treatment, the oily pavement is first cleaned, the oil film is removed, and then the anti-slip agent is sprayed to improve the adhesion of the pavement. For heavily oiled pavement, repaving the surface layer can be considered. Through the above maintenance and management measures, the anti-skid performance and driving safety of the road surface can be effectively improved.
3.6 Contracted maintenance management
The key to maintenance management is regular inspections and timely repairs. Common maintenance and management methods include removing congestion, repaving asphalt mixture, and strengthening the bearing capacity of the base layer. The specific maintenance process: the congested part is removed and the asphalt mixture is re-paved to repair the damaged pavement. In the treatment of the disease of congestion, it is necessary to strengthen the carrying capacity of the grassroots to prevent the recurrence of congestion.
3.7 Subsidence maintenance management
For subsidence diseases, maintenance and management methods mainly include drainage system maintenance, grassroots reinforcement and pavement restoration. First of all, the drainage system is maintained to ensure that the drainage is unobstructed. Secondly, strengthen the base layer and improve the bearing capacity. Finally, the subsidence part of the pavement is repaired to restore the pavement flatness.
4. Optimization measures for high-speed pavement maintenance and construction
4.1 Strengthen the management of maintenance quality
Strengthening construction quality management is the basis for improving maintenance quality. In the maintenance of highway pavement, the specific requirements of each construction link are clarified, the construction process is standardized, and a strict quality inspection system is implemented. According to different types of pavement diseases, formulate corresponding construction plans and quality standards to ensure that the construction quality meets the expected goals. At the same time, strengthen the supervision and management of the construction site to ensure the reasonable allocation and use of materials, equipment and personnel in the construction process.
4.2 Strengthen maintenance and safety management
In the process of highway asphalt pavement maintenance and construction, it is very important to strengthen construction safety management. The maintenance management unit should focus on the following aspects: First, safety education and training should be carried out for construction personnel, improve their safety awareness and operation skills, and ensure that safety specifications are followed in the construction process. The second is to organize regular safety drills to improve the ability to respond to emergencies. Before the maintenance and construction, formulate a detailed safety construction plan, clarify the safety responsibilities and specific measures of each link, and ensure that the safety work in the construction process is implemented. The third is to carry out strict safety inspections on the construction site, find hidden dangers and rectify them in time to ensure the safety and stability of the construction site. In the construction process, reasonable traffic guidance and safety protection facilities should be set up to ensure the smooth flow of road traffic and reduce the impact of construction on traffic.
4.3 Improve the level of maintenance technology
Improving the level of maintenance technology is the key to improving the quality of maintenance. In daily work, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the training and guidance of maintenance technicians to improve their professional skills. At the same time, we can also introduce advanced maintenance technology and equipment at home and abroad, constantly innovate maintenance methods, and improve maintenance results. In addition, technical exchanges and cooperation in the industry should be strengthened through technical exchanges and seminars to promote the development of conservation technology.
4.4 Develop and implement pavement maintenance plans
The development and implementation of a pavement maintenance plan is a prerequisite for ensuring the quality of maintenance. In the process of daily maintenance, a scientific and reasonable maintenance plan should be formulated according to the use of the road and the distribution of diseases, and the maintenance cycle, maintenance scope and maintenance method should be clarified. At the same time, through the implementation of regular inspections and regular maintenance, problems are found and rectified in time. In addition, the maintenance plan should be dynamically adjusted in combination with the actual situation of the road to ensure the orderly progress of the maintenance work.
4.5 Information system construction and application
In the maintenance of high-speed pavement construction, the construction and application of information system plays an important role in improving the maintenance management level [5]. After the highway is completed and put into use, the highway maintenance management department should establish and improve the pavement maintenance information system to realize the information management of the maintenance work. The information system collects, collates and analyzes pavement disease data to provide a basis for maintenance decisions. At the same time, the use of information technology can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of maintenance work and reduce maintenance costs. For example, through the application of pavement disease detection and analysis system, the collection, visualization and trend analysis of disease data can be realized, which provides a basis for the formulation of maintenance measures. The maintenance project management system can realize the whole process management of the maintenance project and improve the work efficiency. The intelligent scheduling system can optimize resource allocation and reduce maintenance costs.
4.6 Strictly implement policies and regulations
Policies and regulations can provide clear guidance and standards for maintenance work, and the implementation of policies and regulations is an important aspect of the optimization measures for high-speed pavement maintenance and construction, and following policies and regulations can ensure the compliance of maintenance work, improve maintenance quality, and reduce safety risks. In the specific implementation process, the maintenance unit needs to study the relevant policies and regulations of the state and the industry in depth, understand the requirements of various regulations, and formulate corresponding maintenance management measures and technical regulations. At the same time, the conservation unit should strengthen the publicity and training of policies and regulations for maintenance personnel, and improve their awareness and implementation of policies and regulations. In addition, the maintenance unit should also increase the supervision and law enforcement of policies and regulations to ensure that the maintenance work is always carried out within the scope of compliance, and provide higher quality maintenance services for the expressway.
5 Conclusion
To sum up, expressways, as an important part of modern transportation infrastructure, are of key significance to national economic and social development. During the use of highways, the appearance of early diseases adversely affects the driving safety and comfort of the road. Based on this, based on the work practice, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the possible early diseases of asphalt pavement in the process of use, discusses the types and causes of diseases, and puts forward the corresponding maintenance management methods and optimization measures, which has important guiding significance for improving the overall level of maintenance and management of highways in mainland China.
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