"靖康耻，犹未雪，臣子恨，何时灭!"
Tai Lieutenant, Wu Shengding's National Army Festival Envoy, Hu Beijing West Road Xuanfu Envoy, and Concurrently Yingtian Ambassador Yue Fei's "Man Jianghong" has always been recited for thousands of years!
1. The mud horse crossing the river after the Jingkang disaster
The Northern Song Dynasty was the most politically, economically, scientifically, and culturally prosperous feudal dynasty in Chinese history. In just over 100 years, the population grew rapidly from 37.1 million in 980 to 126 million in 1124.
In 1126, the Jin army conquered Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, "the temple of the seventh generation, almost ashes", marking the Northern Song Dynasty after nine emperors and 167 years of the calendar from prosperity to death. According to the "Nandu Lu", before Jin Taizong Wanyan Sheng demoted Zhao Ji of Song Huizong and Zhao Huan of Song Qinzong to concubines, he once divided the two of them into one dusk and the other as the heavy dusk marquis. Therefore, the "Jingkang shame" is far more widely known than the "Jingkang difficulty".
Zhao Ji of Song Huizong got married at the age of eighteen, "every five or seven days, a woman must be crowned, and he will be crowned once, that is, he will be honored once, and he will be promoted to the next level." In the end, Zhao Ji gave birth to a total of thirty-one sons and thirty-four daughters in twenty-five years.
King Kang, the ninth son of Huizong. It is said that he is good at riding a fierce horse and can shoot a hard bow. On May 1 of the second year of Jingkang (1127), Zhao Gou was proclaimed emperor in Nanjing at the request of Tianfu and changed the yuan to "Jianyan". Nanjing here is not the current capital of the Ten Dynasties and the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, but today's Shangqiu, Henan. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty set up four capitals: Tokyo Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan), Xijing Henan Mansion (now Luoyang, Henan), Nanjing Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan), and Beijing Daimyo Mansion (now Hebei Daimyo).
The mud horse crossing the river was first seen in "Making Jinlu", "Gaozong was forced to capture Wang Shangshuyun, and the magnetic man killed Wang Yun." Gaozong wanted to retreat, but there was no horse to ride, and the gods helped the horse to cross the river in the south." In addition, according to the "Nandu Lu Daluo", (King Kang) ran between the roads, tired of the Cui Mansion Jun Temple, the dream god man said, "The golden man chased and rode to, Wang Yi went quickly, and the horse was prepared to wait in front of the door." King Kang woke up, the prancing horse traveled 700 miles a day, the river was crossed, and the horse did not move forward, only to find that it was a mud horse. Whether it is "Cui Fu Qun Xiansheng" or "Mud Horse Crossing King Kang", it is a common story in Chinese history, and it is a romance of the god-man protection of the emperor and the general, and the return of the destiny of heaven. The main reason that it really passed down to later generations is the endless ridicule of the Chinese people for thousands of years about Zhao Gou, the fugitive emperor.
However, in some online entries, the story of the mud horse crossing the river is set in 1127 when Zhao Gou fled from Yangzhou to Jiangnan in panic, which is inconsistent with the background of the story and historical facts.
Second, Yue Fei who cleaned up the old mountains and rivers
The end of any era means the beginning of a new era. The establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty began with the story of mud horses crossing the river, and it was also the advent of the era of "Song Dynasty Zhongxing".
At the beginning of the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song and Jin often met each other, and finally the two sides signed a peace agreement, with the Huai River to the Dasanguan (now southwest of Baoji, Shaanxi) as the boundary, forming a long-term confrontation between the Song and Jin Dynasty, and the history called the Song Dynasty "Zhongxing". It's just the ZTE of the Song Dynasty, and it's more of a corner of the peace.
(1) Late bloomers
Yue Fei was born on March 24, 1103, that is, on the 15th day of the second month of the second year of Song Chongning, 4 years younger than Zhao Gou, the Song Gaozong who was loyal to him until his death, and 13 years younger than Qin Hui, who framed him in Fengbo Pavilion.
Thirty fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and moons. When Yue Fei became an adult, he encountered the war and chaos era when the difficulties of Jingkang and the prosperity of the Song dynasty were blended.
Yue Feizi Pengju, a native of Tangyin, Xiangzhou. When flying, there are big birds like hooves, flying in the room, because of the name. Before the moon, the river is yellow, the water is stormy, the mother Yao sits in the urn, the waves and the shore are free, and the people are different.
In the tradition, those who were set up as temples and shrines by later generations will have legends of visions from heaven. Yue Fei is no exception. "Big birds and birds" is just a simple expression of the reverence and good wishes of the people of later generations, although it is not necessarily said to be the Spring and Autumn period brushwork, but it is a small word.
The vision of the birth of the emperor is based on the manifestation of the destiny of heaven. "Historical Records: Gaozu Benji" contains: Gaozu, a native of Zhongyangli, Peifengyi, surnamed Liu, and the word Ji. The father is called Taigong, and the mother is called Liu Yuan. First of all, Liu Yuan tasted Daze, and met God in a dream. When the thunder and lightning were obscure, the prince looked at it, and saw the dragon on it. has a body, and then gave birth to a high ancestor.
The world is farming. The Father is the one who can go on a diet to feed the hungry. Less negative temperament, Shen Hou is silent, and his family is poor in mechanics, especially "Zuo's Spring and Autumn Period" and Sun Wu's Art of War. Born with divine power, uncrowned, 300 catties of bow, eight stones of crossbows, learn to shoot in Zhou Tong, do his best, can shoot left and right.
According to many sources, Yue Fei's family was poor, and he only received his mother's teachings when he was seven years old. When he was 10 years old, he entered a private school, but only half a year, and at the age of 14, he got the book "Spring and Autumn" from Zhou Tong. Although Yue Fei's family is "a farmer", it can be a well-off family if it can do well in "Zuo's Spring and Autumn Period", Sun Wu's Art of War, and learn to shoot in Zhou Tong. Judging from his posthumous calligraphy, Yue Fei's calligraphy is also very good.
At the age of sixteen, he married Li, and at the age of seventeen, he had a son, Yue Yun. This is contained in the "Song History Yue Fei Benji", and it is also said that he married Liu first, and then married Li. However, the "Annals of the King of Song Yue" written by Qian Ruwen of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty is correct, "Wang (Yue Fei) has no concubines, and the five sons and two daughters are all from Mrs. Li, and cites "The Biography of Mrs. Li of the Genealogy of Jintuo" as evidence.
When he was 20 years old, he was recruited into the army, and later returned to his hometown because of his father's death. According to the military system of the Song Dynasty, the Song army had three types of soldiers. "The guards of the Son of Heaven are called the forbidden army, the soldiers of the towns of the prefectures are assigned to the envoys, and they are called the Xiang army; they are selected for household registration or recruitment, so that they are united and trained, and they are called village soldiers if they think they are defending. "Yue Fei joined the army for the first time, and he was actually a township soldier, that is, a local army.
(2) Hatsuyo
At the age of twenty-four, Yue Fei joined the army for the third time and saw King Kang in Xiangzhou. At the same time as he first emerged, he began his military career of cleaning up the old mountains and rivers for the next fifteen years.
King Kang was the prime minister, and when Liu Hao saw it, he ordered the thief Ji Qian, and Qian surrendered with 380 people. Supplement Noburo. Qian Bingyilang, left behind in Zongze.
At this time, although Yue Fei was a brave and invincible general, he had already shown superb military command skills, so Zong Ze awarded the formation map. Fei said: "Fighting after battle, the art of war is constant, the use is wonderful, and there is one heart." It shows its flexibility in maneuvering according to the time and situation, Ze is his words.
However, the long-frightened King Kang, although he ascended the throne under the welcome of Zhang Bangchang, did not lead the army to cross north and regain the courage of the Central Plains. Only one month after Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan) became emperor, he migrated to Yangzhou, in the name of the rule of the vertical arch, while enjoying the gentle township, while preparing to cross the river to flee south at any time. Fei was therefore on the book, but was taken away from office for overstepping his duties.
In desperation, Fei Hebei recruited Zhang Suo, and asked, "How can you be the enemy?" Fei replied: "Courage is not enough, and the use of troops is the first to plan." And with "Luan Zhi dragging firewood to defeat the thorns", "Mo Ao picks the wood to hang" two spring and autumn allusions. The former is similar to Zhang Fei's suspicious tactics when he broke the longboard bridge, and the latter is the strategy of arrogant soldiers. So he waited to fly to the country, from borrowing to repair Wu Lang (Zheng Bapin), as the commander of the Chinese army, and promoted to Wu Jinglang (from the seventh grade).
returned to Zongze, at first it was "from the eighth grade Bingyilang", and then it was controlled by the left-behind division. During this period, Yue Fei went through several battles, once captured his sword and danced, was wounded by more than ten times, captured the gold general Tuoba Yewu, assassinated the Black Wind King, and made many military exploits.
In July of the second year of Jianyan, 26-year-old Yue Fei shot a stiff Jin general at Bishui Pass (Tiger Prison Pass), broke through the crowd, and turned to martial arts.
In Yue Fei's military history, there are not only 800 over 100,000, but also 800 over 500,000 legends.
In the third year of Jianyan, the thief Wang Shan, Cao Cheng, Kong Yanzhou and other people gathered 500,000, and Bo Nanxunmen. There were only eight hundred people in the flying department, and everyone was afraid of being invincible, so Fei said: "I will break it for the kings." "Carry the bow on the left, carry the spear on the right, rush through the formation, the thieves are in chaos, and they are defeated.
Wang Shan and the others were originally rebels who were recruited by Zong Ze, and they could even be said to be exiles. After Zong Ze's death, his successor Du Chong was worried about the instability of the army, so he used a discord to encourage the righteous army to merge. Du Chong did not use the righteous army to resist Jin, but exterminated and dispersed it, not only a sinner of the Song Dynasty, but also the first person to break the embankment of the Yellow River to ward off the enemy, causing more than 200,000 people in Henan, Shandong, Anhui, and Suzhou to drown, nearly one million people died due to the plague, and tens of millions of people were homeless, becoming the most murderous person in the Song Dynasty and becoming a sinner in Chinese history!
Wang Bin, "A New Exploration of the Peasant Uprising in the Song Dynasty" (Journal of Hotan Normal College, 2015, 12)
The Song Dynasty's Yingge and Yan Dance could not hide the suffering of the people. The story of the wisdom robbery in "Water Margin" truly reflects the arrogance and indulgence of the ruling class and the social reality that the people "can't get enough food for a day".
In the 319-year history of the two Song dynasties, from the first peasant uprising in the third year of Song Taizu Qiande (963) - the Wangduan uprising in Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan) to the last peasant uprising in the last year of the Song Dynasty (1275), the number of peasant uprisings in the Song Dynasty rose one after another, and the number of them was as many as 434, the largest among all Chinese dynasties. The most famous uprisings of the Song Dynasty were: the uprising of Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun in the early Northern Song Dynasty, the Fangla Uprising and the Songjiang Uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and the Zhongxiang Yang Qi Uprising in the early Southern Song Dynasty.
However, due to the coexistence of external national contradictions and internal class contradictions, the peasant uprising only shortened the history of the Song Dynasty, and did not directly lead to its eventual demise.
Jianyan for three years. Du Chong will also Jiankang, Fei said: "The size of the Central Plains cannot be abandoned, now a move, this place is not mine, he wants to take it again every day, it must be hundreds of thousands of people." "I didn't listen, so I went home.
Yue Fei was just a small person at that time, whether he wanted to or not, he could only go with the flow.
Du Chong, a politically correct person, is actually a capitulation faction. He was loyal to only temporary power and interests, and when the Jin army crossed the river in the south, he quietly crossed the river and surrendered while shouting resistance. Because of his cruelty, the land of Jianghuai was flooded; because of his initiative to give up, the Southern Song Dynasty was no longer able to touch Kaifeng; because of his surrender, the Southern Song Dynasty lost the Yangtze River.
The Southern Song Dynasty encountered an unprecedented crisis...... (To be continued)
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