With the increase of pressure in life, many young people are anxious every day, and in the long run because of emotional problems, thyroid disease is caused by such reasons, generally not obvious in ordinary times, in many cases, it will be found that there is something wrong with the thyroid gland during the physical examination, and the problem is relatively mild when it does not affect the state of life very much, only fatigue, sleepiness and other symptoms, but the impact of thyroid hormone can not be underestimated, and the problem will have a significant impact on life when it is bigger.
Thyroid hormone is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, which is an amino acid derivative and a hormone secreted by the endocrine system.
Therefore, the effect of thyroid hormone is very wide, and the effect area is relatively large. Specifically, it includes promoting metabolism and development, improving the excitability of the heart and nervous system, which is of great significance for saving lives when life is dying, and by increasing oxygen consumption, heat production increases, respiration, and heart rate increases, so it is secreted in large quantities when cold and nervous. It also plays a role in physical growth, brain improvement, nerve and cardiovascular function, and so on.
Although thyroid hormone is very small, the heat generated is very huge, 1mg of thyroid hormone can produce 4000KJ of calories, and secondly, its effect on the whole body is very obvious, something that cannot be ignored. As the saying goes, small hormones make a big difference. Therefore, we cannot ignore the role of hormones in people's normal life.
1. Physiological function of thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormones are most pronounced and most effective in promoting growth and development during infancy, especially in the first five months of life. It has a very obvious effect on the growth and development of bones, brain and reproductive organs. Patients with cretinism are congenital or early childhood lack of thyroid hormones, resulting in the inability to promote the development of bones, brain and genitals in infants and young children, resulting in skeletal retardation, slow intellectual development, and delayed reproductive system development in patients with cretinism, which is much delayed than the normal development age.
Therefore, for infants and young children, it is necessary to find the problem of thyroid hormone in infants and young children in time, and when it is found that the newborn is hypothyroid, it is necessary to supplement the appropriate amount of thyroid hormone in time, and strive to supplement the appropriate amount within one year of age, because the supplement of thyroid hormone within one year of age can promote the growth and development of infants.
In adulthood, the function of thyroid hormone is mainly used to promote the growth and metabolism of the body and promote the body's thermogenesis. Thyroid hormones increase the body's ability to produce heat by increasing the oxygen consumption rate of tissues and increasing the body's basal metabolic rate. The basal metabolic rate of a normal person is 15%-25%, while the basal metabolic rate of a patient with hyperthyroidism can be increased by about 15% compared with that of a normal person, and a decrease of about 15% of the basal metabolic rate can be judged as hypothyroidism.
In terms of glucose metabolism, thyroid hormone can promote the absorption of sugar in various ways, accelerate the decomposition of sugar and fat by tissue cells, and promote the metabolic effect of cells on sugar, lipids and proteins. Thyroid hormones not only promote sugar absorption by the small intestinal mucosa and accelerate the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, they also enhance the ability of peripheral tissues to utilize sugar. As a result, in the case of an overactive thyroid gland, blood sugar levels rise, sometimes even leading to the appearance of diabetes. [1]
In addition, thyroid hormones also play an important role in the activity of the heart and brain organs. Thyroid hormones maintain excitability of the nervous system and heart muscle. The effect of thyroid hormone on the myocardium can directly increase the contractility of the myocardium and increase the heart rate, and it can also increase the excitability and hyperfunction of the central nervous system. At the same time, thyroid hormones can also affect water and electrolytes, and when the thyroid is underactive, interstitial mucin increases, and viscoedema occurs in the interstitial fluid.
Excessive thyroid secretion can also cause muscle wasting and weakness. In a normal physiological state, thyroid hormones help to enhance protein synthesis, especially in bones, muscles, and liver. However, it is worth noting that proteolytic enzymes themselves are also a type of protein.
When the secretion of thyroid hormones and other proteins in the body is abnormally high, the secretion of hydrolase enzymes also increases, resulting in excessive breakdown of proteins. In this case, the proteins in skeletal muscle are particularly susceptible, which can lead to weight loss and loss of strength.
2. Don't ignore the impact of lifestyle on thyroid hormones
In laboratory tests, thyroid hormone is an indicator of thyroid function test, which can directly reflect the functional status of the thyroid gland. When thyroid hormones are abnormal, people will suffer from hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid cancer, goiter, hypothyroidism and other diseases. Good lifestyle habits are the key to good health.
Smoking and drinking alcohol are important causes of thyroid hormones. Harmful substances absorbed by smoking can have an impact on iodine transport, which is the most critical step in thyroid hormone synthesis. Therefore, smoking may directly affect thyroid hormone synthesis. In addition, the harmful substances contained in cigarettes can also reduce the autoimmune process of the thyroid gland, and sometimes, also reduce the binding level of protein and T4, so that the blood knows that the free state of T4 is elevated, and T4 cannot function. Smoking and secondhand smoke can also have an effect on the fetus, which can damage the development of the fetal thyroid gland, affect the development of the fetus's bones, nervous system, etc.
Alcohol has a certain effect on the level of thyroid hormone, and long-term alcohol consumption can increase TRH levels, which can lead to a decrease in thyroid hormone levels.
The health effects of exercise are wide-ranging, and the thyroid gland accelerates its involvement in the normal function of skeletal muscles as well as the cardiopulmonary vascular system, and exercise can promote the activity of these systems.
Mood is also very important, thyroid hormone problems are more caused by mental stress, so a good mood is the key to the treatment of thyroid disease. Thinking about eating well is the mental hormone that keeps the body healthy.
Whether it is due to hyperthyroidism, mood swings, emaciation, irritability, or hypothyroidism, fatigue, anxiety and depression, palpitation and shortness of breath, all of which will greatly affect people's normal life in daily life, so we must not ignore thyroid hormones in life, nor can we ignore the impact of lifestyle on the thyroid gland.
summary
All in all, although thyroid hormones are small, they have a great effect on daily life, and the role of thyroid hormones must not be ignored. In life, we cannot ignore the influence of lifestyle on thyroid hormones, after all, the main factor that causes thyroid problems is due to lifestyle and mental stress.
Therefore, we should pay more attention to smoking and drinking as little as possible, especially during the period of pregnancy, smoking and drinking have a great impact on the development of the fetal thyroid gland and can easily lead to adverse consequences. At the same time, it is also necessary to strengthen exercise, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and do more physical exercise, which can increase the vitality of the hormone system.
Resources:
[1] Yang Xiuping, Xiao Xianghong.[J] Animal Physiology, Beijing Higher Education Press, 2009.2.299