Editor's | Huang Weidong
In 1906, the Shengjing general Zhao Erxun opened the fengtian provincial city commercial port, demarcating the provincial city west gate (Huaiyuan Gate): from the east to the great western border city; west to the Mantetsu annex (east of the present-day Heping Avenue); south to the Eleventh Latitude Road; north to Huangsi Avenue, with a total area of 21.3 square kilometers. There are also sub-boundaries and preparatory boundaries.
Fengtian Park
In 1907, Xu Shichang, the governor of the three eastern provinces, ordered the construction of Fengtian Park, covering an area of 39,411 square meters, on the west side of the municipal government building. The park was converted into the Shenyang Hotel in the 1970s.
On June 6 of the same year, British businessmen opened the British American Tobacco Company at No. 18, Section 4, Shifu Road, Heping District (the site of the Shenyang Silk Factory after liberation), which was also the only large tobacco industry in Fengtian (Shenyang) at that time. 80% of the workers in the factory are female workers and children, and the tobacco factory has set up a body search system, and the workers have to let the supervisors search and check at the doorpost every day when they leave the factory.
In 1908, the Fengtian authorities invested 50,000 taels of silver to complete the purchase of commercial port land. Since then, merchants and people from all over the world have competed to rent, and the commercial port has become a place where Chinese and foreign industry and commerce gather.
In 1914, the Danish Baldwin built a Christian church at No. 20, Section 2, Huangsi Road, Heping District, originally called the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The church has two houses, one of which is dominated by scriptures. Initially fewer than 10 believers, it later increased to more than 300.
In 1916, Fengtian Shangbu was prosperous and prosperous, Yiguan Qunyi, Mozhi and Jing. In order to promote the development of national industry, Zhang Zuolin, the envoy of the three eastern provinces at that time, ordered the construction of north and south markets at the north and south ends of the commercial port of Fengtian Province, making it a foothold with the siping commercial street (now Middle Street) on the edge of the city with a century-old history.
In 1918, the Fengtian Theater, also known as the Fengtian Seat (now the National Cinema), was located in ten rooms in the third section of the Municipal Government Road. Built on June 5, 1918, with a construction area of more than 400 square meters, the original owner is Industrial Property Co., Ltd. After liberation, it was converted into a national cinema.
In October 1919, the Dengying Spring Bath located in the North Market was founded by Li Fuchen, which was the earliest bath in Shencheng. Later, the second floor was rebuilt in 1924, with a construction area of 1960 square meters and a brick and wood structure. In addition, the Lianfeng Hall, Huilan Pavilion and Fengda in Tiexi, which were subsequently built in the city, were known as the four major baths of Shenyang.
In the spring of 1920, after the construction of the South Market in 1919, the Fengtian authorities opened the North Market at the northern end of the main boundary of the commercial port. Located in the north of Heping District, Beida Market is bordered by Shifu Road in the south, backed by Huangsi Road, adjacent to Nanjing Street in the west, and adjacent to Zuosongli and Huafengli in the east, including 18th And 19th Meridian Street and the intersection of these two streets and 26th Wei Road, with a total area of 0.47 square kilometers.
In March 1921, the Fengtian Provincial Department of Finance allocated 2.5 million yuan and raised another 2 million yuan to select the site in the north of the ten rooms, within the boundaries of the western commercial port of the North Market (now the north side of Fushun Road in Heping District), covering an area of 280 acres in the form of a joint venture between officials and businessmen, and built the Fengtian Spinning Factory, which was the largest spinning enterprise in Fengtian national capital at that time.
In October 1922, Zhang Zhiliang, a national entrepreneur who aspired to save the country through industry, founded Huilin Match Co., Ltd. behind Huangsi Road in the North Market (now the area of No. 35 Main Station Road in Heping District). The company's Kirin matches, which sold smoothly as soon as they were put on the market, played an important role in boycotting foreign goods and forced the collapse of phosphorus inches (matches), which had occupied the Fengtian market for many years.
In the same year, Ma Hongyuan initially led the construction of the building, and later by Li Dongying, Sheng Xingeng, Sun Fuchen, "Royal Cook" and other people to create the Daguan Tea Garden (later Liaoning Provincial Youth Theater) in the North Market. Daguan Tea Garden is the earliest theater in the Liaoshen area, and after its completion, it performs two plays in the morning and evening every day, especially some dignitaries and dignitaries are often guests of the theater. The first to perform at Daguan Tea Garden was the second class of fengtian's more famous police tea house, with famous characters such as Jasmine, Li Xiaoxia, Hua Yunfang, etc., and the repertoire of the performances such as "Selling Blue Shirts", "Karma and Beauty", "Huanyang Self-Talk" and so on.
In 1923, Liu Baorui, a famous Cha boxer who was already famous inside and outside the Guan, opened the Zhenyuantang Dart Bureau in the north of Huangsi Avenue Road in the North Market (the east side of the current Beishi Vice Food). There are two signs hanging in front of the dart board, the vertical sign is the cream pharmacy, and the horizontal sign above the lintel is the Zhenyuantang Dart Bureau. The front hall sells plasters, and the back hall learns martial arts. After the opening of the dart game, whether it is recruiting apprentices to teach martial arts or martial arts, or dart freight, it is famous in Shenyang and even in Liaoning and all parts of northeast China.
In July 1924, the Huilin Match Company, founded by Zhang Zhiliang, funded the acquisition of all the assets of the defunct Phosphorus Inch Co., Ltd., and also joined hands with match factories in various parts of northeast China to form a federation of the same industry. Not only did it occupy the entire northeast market, but it also marketed Kannai, which in turn squeezed out the Swedish match company that dominated the world.
In 1925, in order to develop the cause of national railway transportation, the Fengzhi Group replaced the Fengtian Station (Shenyang Station) of the South Manchuria Railway, and decided to build the Fengtian Terminus (later renamed Liaoning Terminus, commonly known as Laobei Railway Station) on the north side of Xingfeng Avenue (now Heping District Terminus Road) and at the terminus of the Beijing-Feng railway (later changed to Pingfeng Road and Beining Road). The station covers an area of 8485 square meters.
On January 25 and June 3 of the same year, British American Tobacco workers went on two strikes to increase wages and protest the unreasonable body search system.
In the same year, the Baoan Cinema (now the Mass Cinema) was built on the east side of Huangsi Square, which was an earlier cinema. At first, it was a linoleum paper low-room shed with a 300-seat audience, a hand-cranked movie projector projection, and Cantonese music dubbing. The films released are all silent films (silent films) of the 1920s, such as "The Great Hero of Kanto", "The Woman of the Wild River", "The Burning of the Red Lotus Temple", "The Female Dart Master" and so on.
In 1926, funded by Zhang Xueliang, the Dutch Port Management Company undertook the construction of the North Fengtian Terminus (also known as North Fengtian Station, Liaoning Terminus, Shenyang Old North Railway Station). In a certain month, after the master builder Yang Tingbao returned from a european inspection, when he learned the news of the bidding for the construction of the Fengtian main station, he immediately rushed from Tianjin to Fengtian to bid. He won the bid with an elegant, simple and majestic design plan, thus changing the situation in which foreigners monopolized the design rights in China.
In the same year, Wang Xishan, the owner of Tianjin Wang Hengtai Opera Yizhuang, sent his apprentice Ding Wenbin to Fengtian to establish the Wang Hengtai Opera Yizhuang semicolon in the North Market. Since then, Wang Hengtai Opera Clothing House has become a famous handicraft workshop and business name in the northeast, such as theatrical costumes, knives and guns, etc.
In the same year, the brick and wood structure and a total of 1317 seats of gongyi stage were completed. It is located in the south of the present-day North City Department Store, No. 24 Panjin Road, Heping District. Gongyi Stage is mainly a performance venue for critics, and the critic Xiao Guihua performed here, which became a hit. After liberation, the theater was renamed Liaoning People's Theater and Beishi Theater.
In the same year, Fengtian Fusheng Opera Company was established. There are hibiscus flowers, flower clouds, flowers Xiaoxian, Li Xiaoxia and other lotus flower fall actors performing on the Grand View Tea Garden in the North Market and the Big Stage of the Commercial Port in the South Market for three years.
In the spring of 1927, educator Che Xiangchen posted a notice on the wall of The Eighth Elementary School of Fengtian Province on Beiheng Street (now the east side of Huangsi Avenue in the North Market): First, all those over the age of 11 and under 60, illiterate men and women, regardless of whether they have a profession or not, can enroll in the study; second, three, four, five (slightly); sixth, students do not pay a penny to study; seventh, study in the civilian night school for 4 months, and a diploma is issued upon graduation.
In September of the same year, the Northern Bureau of the Communist Party of China sent Chen Weiren to Shenyang to prepare for the establishment of the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee. In October, no. 4 Huangsi Road, North Market, Heping District, was selected as the seat of the Communist Party of China's Manchuria Provincial Committee, the party's command organ in the northeast.
In the same year, Liang Mantang, Sun Haishan, Zhao Pingwu, Fu Juxing Zhang surname Caidong, Hui Haiquan Liu surname Caidong and others raised 6,000 pieces of ocean and the representative of the joint venture Shi Jintang, at the north entrance of the 26th Wei Road in the North Market, Wang Hengtai Play Yizhuang branch east of the construction of the central stage, which was completed in 1929. The central stage is divided into four floors, the first, second and third floors are seats, the middle of the first floor is the pool seat, the two sides are corridors, the second and third floors are flanked by private rooms, and the rest are scattered seats, which can accommodate 1700 spectators. The Central Stage is one of the earlier theaters in Shenyang, mainly performing Peking Opera. Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Gou Huisheng, Jin Shaoshan, Tan Fuying, Yang Baosen, Qiu Shengrong, Li Shaochun and other famous artists all came to perform here. After the liberation of Shenyang, it was changed to the East Beijing Theater. After the abolition of the region, it was changed to Liaoning Peking Opera Field, and in 1980 it was changed to Shenyang Grand Theater.
In the summer of 1929, the sun was like fire, and Hao Jiaban insisted on selling art performances in the North Market under the scorching sun. Hao Xijiu, who is only 6 years old, followed his grandfather Hao Yuqing to perform the altar of hiding people, and won the applause of the audience. In his childhood, Hao Xijiu received from his grandfather the mantra of bundling, tying, packing, carrying, tearing, picking, picking, and deciphering the eight-character trick. He studied hard and practiced diligently, and eventually became a famous chinese juggling master.
In 1930, Wang Denglai, Yuan Jinkui and nine other brothers came from Beijing to Fengtian (Shenyang), so they opened the Puyunlou Restaurant semicolon in the North Market, which was the earliest professional roast duck shop in Shenyang. Puyunlou Restaurant was founded in Beijing during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, specializing in roast duck. Soon after the war led to the puyun building forced to close down, after the liberation of Shenyang in 1953 in the original site resumed business, in order to prove farewell to the old era, renamed the new wei zhai roast duck shop, now renamed the original wei zhai chain store.
In May of the same year, Yan Zichen, the manager of the Central Theater, personally went to Harbin to meet Li Jinshun, and invited Li Jinshun to perform in Shenyang with 6,000 yuan as a dowry. Yan Zichen did not expect that Li Jinshun, who had always sung in Harbin and Fushun Qianjin village, but because the theater was on the edge, the sound was poor, coupled with the fact that the overseer and the superintendent did not give money to watch the play, the theater went bankrupt, and Yan Zichen committed suicide under the pressure of debt.
On March 19, 1931, after more than three years, the Liaoning Railway Terminal (formerly Fengtian Main Station) was officially put into use, which surpassed Fengtianyi (the main building of Shenyang Station) and was the largest railway passenger station in China at that time. Due to the connection between Beining Road and Shenhai Road (Shenyang to Hailong), Shenyang not only made Shenyang the center of the railway system at that time, which effectively stimulated the development of Shenyang's economy, but also accelerated the construction and prosperity of the north market.
In 1932, Zhao Pingwu, Zhang Junchen, Zhang Yuechen and others from the Daguan Tea Garden set up a team to receive Li Jinshun, a famous critic, to perform the fashion drama "Patriotic Jiao" that opposed the enemy and betrayed the country in the North Market.
In 1933, a master Tan from Tianjin opened a full-flavor hotel in Yichunli, the North Market, specializing in Tianjin buns. Later, a man named Cao Yin learned to make Tianjin buns with Master Tan, and after completing his studies, he opened a bun shop by himself, named Sanhesheng Bun Shop.
In 1934, the pseudo-Fengtian Municipal Office established a government-run trading market in the first section of Housheng Street (now No. 20, Section 3 of Huangsi Road) to deal in vegetable wholesale. Originally named Fengtian Central Unloading and Selling Fresh Market, it mainly deals in vegetables and other non-staple foods, specializing in the chunricho market (i.e., Taiyuan Street and Pingping Food Shop), Aobacho Market (i.e., Heping District South Wuma Road Ping'an Vegetable Market), Kamocho Market (i.e., Guangzhou Vegetable Market, Guilin Street, Heping District), three zero-batch vegetable markets, and more than 50 "big brands, more than 300 small brands, and both for merchants in the Tiexi area." Close after restoration.
In 1935, the Daguan Tea Garden (20 shares of land was added) was rebuilt by a joint venture of 19 shares of Caidong. After the reconstruction, the TongdeKun Society Repertory Theatre, which performed civilized dramas, was invited from Beijing to perform.
On April 20 of the same year, a fire burned down the Security Cinema and was rebuilt in 1937 at the Mass Cinema site. It can accommodate an audience of 800 people, introduced more advanced equipment, and is the first stereo cinema in Shenyang.
During the Spring Festival in 1936, Daguan Tea Garden received famous characters such as Jin Kaifang, Liu Hongxia, Zhao Haoen, and Li Guirong to perform.
In 1937, the Yunge Cinema (now the People's Cinema) located at No. 6, East YingCuili, 26th Wei Road, North Market, was built by Li Yunge, the caidong of Hongyuan Xiang Real Estate, with an investment of 100,000 yuan, so he named the cinema Yunge Cinema after himself. There are 1,200 seats in the venue, and 2 to 3 employees. In order to make the company rich and prosperous, the first day released the domestic film "Cash Cow". In 1956, the public-private partnership was changed to the People's Cinema.
In the spring of 1938, Ma Sanli, a famous cross-talk master in Tianjin, was overwhelmed by the war and came to Shenyang North Market from Beiping to perform a cross-talk program at the Xiangyunge Tea House.
In 1939, the capitalist Wang Fuchen came forward and organized 59 owners to jointly build the Zhongyuan Shopping Center at Eighteen Jing Street of North Market (now No. 7 North Market 1st Street, the predecessor of Beishi Department Store). The main building of the business building has two floors and three floors in the local area, with an area of 3300 square meters. There are more than 100 merchants operating here, and around the mall there are Guangguang Zhai Restaurant, Taizhong Xiang Electric Material Shop, Ping An Photo Studio, Oriental Billiard Club, as well as theaters, cinemas, tea houses, etc., forming the core business district of Beishi.
In August of the same year, the North Market Sihai Shengping Tea Society sent people from Tianjin to invite Henan actor Qiao Qingxiu (formerly known as Yuan Quanxiu) and her husband Qiao Liyuan. As soon as the poster was posted, it caused a sensation in the entire Fengtian City, and who knew that not long after the performance, the Japanese and puppet agents arrested the couple and imprisoned them in the name of "anti-Manchu and anti-Japanese resistance". After the family spent money to run in many ways, Qiao Qingxiu was released, and Qiao Liyuan was beaten to death.
In 1940, the second generation of Laobian Dumplings created by Bian Fu, a native of Renqiu County, Hebei Province, in the year of Qing Dao Guangjiu (1829), the son of Bian Fu's son Bian Degui, the third generation of Bian Lin, moved the Old Bian Dumpling Restaurant from Ozu Bridge, Dadong District, to the North Market to open for business.
In the winter of the same year, Xihe drum actor Li Qingxi (formerly known as Li Yichen) was invited from Dalian to Fengtian to sing "Great Sui and Tang" at the Yongquan Tea House near the Gonghe Shopping Mall (Beishi Vice Food Store) in the North Market, and the venue was full. Subsequently, his wife Zhang Xiangting led two children from Dalian to Fengtian, and the couple performed at the Tonghe Tea House near the Huang Temple in the North Market. Zhang Xiangting said "Yang Jia Jiang" in the morning, Li Qingxi said "Double Dart Record" in the evening, and later, Zhang Xiangting was invited to the "Four Seas Shengping" tea house in the North Market to say "Hu Jia Jiang", and the audience listened to her book, they all occupied the seat in advance, sensationalizing the whole city, and since then their family has taken root in Shenyang. In 1951, due to the shortage of string masters, the 41-year-old Li Qingxi gave up singing the West River drum and changed his name to commentary, occupying the North Market for a long time, and was known as the first person to comment on books in the North Market. In the 1960s, Li Qingxi began to talk about new books, such as "Railway Guerrilla", "Lin Hai Xueyuan", "Agni Golden Steel", "Wildfire Spring Wind Fighting Ancient City", etc. Some of the book sections were recorded and broadcast on Shenyang Radio, which was well received by the majority of book fans.
In 1941, Hao Yanfang (17), a Xihe drum actress who had made a lot of money and became famous in Tianjin, and her third sister Hao Yanxia (19 years old) resigned at the invitation of the Sihai Shengping Tea Society in Shenyang North Market, and the family came to Fengtian. Hao Yanfang went to the white field at the Shengping Tea House in the four seas, saying that the long book "Yang Jiajian" was full. Since then, she has sung in the North Market for 40 years, which has lasted for a long time.
In late October 1942, Ma Lianliang led a group of more than 40 people, including Li Yuru, the clown Ma Fulu, the flower-faced Liu Lianrong, the Xiaosheng Ye Shenglan, and the Wusheng Huang Yuanqing, who came to Fengtian by train in the name of the North China Cultural Envoy Group (i.e., the Fufeng Society). Subsequently, he performed plays such as "Dragon and Phoenix Chengxiang", "Qunying Society" and "Ten Lao An Liu" at the Central Grand Theater (now Shenyang Grand Theater) in the North Market and the Northeast Grand Theater (i.e., the Liaoning People's Art Theater) in the South Market, and finally donated a total of 250,000 yuan of the charity performance income to the Fengtian Private Hui Cultural College founded by Zhang Dechun.
After the restoration in 1945, a large number of unemployed people engaged in the sale of scrap to make ends meet, and the North Market became a market for vendors of old goods. The store didn't open much and became deserted. The business of Daguan Tea Garden is declining, Liu Yanxia stopped singing, and was replaced by Xin Yanling starring. However, due to the fact that the wounded soldiers of the Kuomintang did not give money to watch the drama in vain, and they smashed the garden at every turn, the income of the drama class was meager. Later, the actor had to go off the stage to collect small money and struggle to make ends meet.
On March 30, 1946, Xu Zhen, the new chairman of the Kuomintang Province, sent two men to the Shisheng Monastery in the North Market to deliver offerings to the Golden Buddha of Mahaga. One of them was Li Banxi, a layman who often went to Shisheng Temple to worship the Buddha, and when they were leaving, they told them that tomorrow Governor Xu Zhen would come to Shisheng Temple to worship the Buddha. The next morning, when the lama came to the Buddhist building to give incense to the Golden Buddha, he found that the two iron locks on the springboard at the staircase had been broken, and the two iron locks on the golden Buddha gate tower on the upper floor were also broken, and the golden Buddha in the building was missing. Afterwards, although Governor Xu asked his entourage to hang up the phone with the Beishi Public Security Sixth Branch: asking for a week's time to solve the case, the theft of the mahaga lama golden Buddha, a valuable and precious cultural relic in Shisheng Temple, has become a mystery case that has been unsolved for a long time.
One day in September of the same year, Li Bolan (pseudonym Zhu Houfu), a reporter for the Northeast Gazette, was arrested while out of town and taken to the North Station police station, where he was kidnapped and sent to the North City Police Station. Li Bolan was severely tortured in prison, but he was unyielding, witty, and carried out propaganda work in prison, engaging in tit-for-tat struggles with the enemy, for one year and two months, and was rescued from prison by the party organization in July 1947, and was praised by comrades: a soldier who had withstood the test of iron prison.
After the liberation of Shenyang on November 2, 1948, the Northeast Literary Association Drama Critics Working Group entered the Daguan Tea Garden in the North Market, where it established the earliest government-led drama critic group in China, the Tangshan Commentary Theater. Soon, it was changed to the Northeast Literary Association Critics Troupe, and rehearsed new plays such as the modern commentary "Little Son-in-Law", laying the foundation for the establishment of the Shenyang Critics Theater, a key theater in the country.
At the beginning of 1949, some cross-talk actors such as Wang Futian, Zhu Wenzhi, peng Guoliang, and other cross-talk actors contacted Wang Futian, Zhu Wenzhi, Peng Guoliang, and other cross-talk actors to hold an experimental cross-talk conference at the Shengping Tea House in the north market. After performing for a period of time, in 1950 it was transferred to the Huiwen Tea House (formerly known as the Sanyou Tea House) located in Donggongyu-ri (now Gengsheng-ri) in the North Market. The 200-seat tea house performs from 12 noon to 9:30 p.m. every day, and the audience receives three cents for each cross-talk. The members of the Shenyang Cross-Talk Conference included Tong Yutian, Wang Zhimin, Wang Futian, Zhu Wenzhi, Tang Minyi, Peng Guoliang, Han Xiaoyi, Han Xiuying, Yang Haiquan, Hu Biqing, Hu Jingbo (female), Bai Wanming, Bai Yin'er, Zhao Youqiao, Cai Yuheng, and other 16 people, and later absorbed Han Gangjia, Fu Lanying (female), Tang Yanjie (female) and so on.
In October of the same year, the people's government carried out a complete renovation of the North Market Commercial District, widening the streets and paving asphalt roads, and there were 32 inherent shops, 28 cooperative doors, and 1,060 private business numbers in the North Market. The people's government also renovated and built new cultural and entertainment venues, thus relaunching the North Market beyond the periods before liberation.
One day in the autumn of the same year, 18-year-old Liu Changqing was in Daguan Middle Street of the North Market (that is, Daguan Tea Garden, now the South Hutong of Liaoning Youth Theater) when he saw Li Chengxiang and Li Fengxiang brothers (both stevedores) playing with the lifting of the hammer, which aroused his interest. He laid the foundation for his future wrestling career, and began to practice lifting under the influence and guidance of the Li brothers. The so-called stone is a kind of earthen simple weightlifting equipment carved from a piece of granite rock weighing tens of kilograms or hundreds of kilograms. Once, during his practice and performance at the North Market Amphitheater (later the site of the Municipal Handicraft Club), he suddenly succeeded in lifting a 200-kilogram hammer, which won a round of applause from the audience, so he was called Gongzi Liu. Since then, his nickname has spread in the North Market. After liberation, Dong Yongshan, Luan Shusheng, and Liu Changqing set up a wrestling ring in the North Market, and the big boss Dong Yongshan combined the Manchu and Mongolian wrestling method with the Xin Jia Quan of the North Market, making the North Market the origin of the new wrestling method of martial arts and boxing.
Write a description | This article was compiled by the editor Huang Weidong by consulting relevant literary and historical materials. When reprinted, because you understand the reasons, there are deletions. This article was published in the Shenyang Evening News, Beishi Yanyun on December 15, 2010.