In the first month of the first year of the Republic of China, I took two tired children (a kind of millet and mung bean mixed noodles in the north) in my arms, and left my hometown where I had lived for 17 years to go to Jingzhou, a neighboring county, to join the army.
When I said goodbye to my mother, she choked back tears, still shaking the spinning wheel in her hand, bowing her head and saying nothing. My sister choked up, led her innocent sister and brother, and sent me out. When I reached the door, my sister couldn't help but cry bitterly, and I endured the sourness, let go, and ran out of the village in one go, and from then on I embarked on the first step of forty years of military life.
Since joining the army, I have naturally experienced hardships, and later I was fortunate to be able to open a house and build a festival. If someone were to write a biography for me, they would definitely say that I was "ambitious and devoted to my pen" and so on. Actually, no, not at all, I just wanted to get a job to lighten the burden on my mother, and I hoped to be able to raise my relatives and children.
My ancestral home is in Xian County, Hebei Province, and I have been farming for generations, and I was originally just a family below the middle level. Moreover, due to the descendants of Fanyan, the property is constantly dispersed, passed on to my grandfather's generation, my family only has five acres of thin fields, three earthen houses, fortunately my father knows some Chinese medicine, for people to see a disease, the family is not without a small supplement. Later, my father listened to the advice of others and went to Guanwai to seek development, but he died of illness in Harbin not long after. This year, I was thirteen years old, my sister was sixteen years old, my sister was ten years old, and my younger brother Ruzhen was still hugging.
The death of my father made family life more difficult, and my mother took my sister to spin and weave cloth, served my grandfather, who was nearly 70 years old, and raised our children, so we lived hard and steadfastly.
At that time, the atmosphere in the northern countryside was not open, the education was backward, and there was no school, and there was a righteous school in our village, which was taught by Mr. Liu Lianbi in the clan, and I also followed some of the Four Books and Five Classics. However, by this time, the imperial examination had stopped, and everyone thought that there was no way out for those who studied in private schools. My mother wanted to send me to be an apprentice in a businessman, but my temperament was too close to this way, so I had no choice but to decide to become a soldier. Now that I think about it, God has a certain arrangement in a person's life. If the imperial examination was not abolished at that time, I might have worked hard to study for the Bagu examination and become a showman. If there is still some land at home, I may be a farmer in my hometown for the rest of my life, but this road is not good, and the other road is not passable. Finally, I changed into a military uniform and became a professional soldier for the rest of my life.
Before I decided to join the military, I didn't know anything about the group I was going to belong to. In fact, I don't have the knowledge and ability to choose, I only know that in Jingzhou Tower, which is 90 miles away from my village, someone is recruiting new soldiers, and I want to be a new soldier. It wasn't until I signed up that I learned that the unit I had joined was Lu Jianzhang's newly established "Left Road Reserve Army." I was assigned to the outpost of the second battalion, the sentry officer was called Liu Zibin, and the battalion management band was Feng Yuxiang, the man of the year in the future.
Soon after I joined the army, Officer Liu knew that I had read and knew how to read, so he wanted to ask me to be a "copywriter". The post of "copywriter" is large and small, and in the high-level yamen, the "copywriter" must be filled by a very learned person, and the status is also very high, and the general chief official should call the "copywriter" the old master. However, the "copywriting" of a sentry (equivalent to the current infantry company) was nothing more than a roster and an ordinary official document. I thought that since I became a soldier, I should be born on the right path with a knife and a gun, and I didn't want to be this "copywriter", so I asked Officer Liu to change to a private. Soon the pipe band (battalion commander) found out and asked me to ask, so he discussed with Officer Liu and changed me to the "chief" of the fifth shed. As the name suggests, "Shi Chang" is the length of ten people, in other words, I am now the infantry squad leader. However, I didn't know how to do drills, so Officer Liu told me to learn from the platoon commander at night and teach recruits during the day, so I often Xi practiced alone until late at night. Now sometimes when I see the term "malignant Xi" in the newspaper, I can't help but laugh dumbly, thinking about the scene when I was "Shichang", it should be considered a malignant Xi.
The recruits were recruited to train in Beiyuan, and one day General Lu (Jianzhang) came to roll call, and when I was called, I recited my place of origin, age, and keidou. General Lu asked, "How can a seventeen-year-old child be a chief?" Mr. Feng told him that I had studied and could read. Lu nodded and walked over. The books I studied were really insignificant, but in that era, I actually became a "talent"! At that time, education in the north was not widespread, and there were very few people who had studied in the peasants. Of those who joined the army with me, only two or three people, including Tong Linge and Guo Zhigang, were literate. Even among the officers, only Li Mingzhong, the commander of the central sentry (platoon commander), was relatively good in two academic subjects, and I learned a lot from his Xi.
I remember that the first time he talked about "filial piety to his parents", the second time he talked about "loving the people", and the third time he told the patriotic story of the Germans in the "Franco-Prussian Campaign", to the effect that a German named Dress, in order to know how the French made a new rifle and how to sacrifice their lives to steal this method of making guns. I don't know if he made up the story or if it was true, but his loud voice and popular eloquence put the spirit of this story deep into my heart. I've come to think that the meaning of "being a soldier" is not just as simple as "finding a career".
"Left Reserve Army" is Yuan Shikai after the Xinhai Revolution, he stole the president, the newly established troops, is not the same as the "Beiyang Six Towns" of the formal army, so the establishment also inherited the Manchu Qing Dynasty "patrol battalion" that set, a total of five battalions, each battalion jurisdiction five posts, the post is the company, the company commander is called the whistle officer, divided into the center, front, left, right, rear. At that time, the five sentinels were Wu Yaotang, the outpost was Liu Zibin, the left sentinel was Zou Xinjing, the right sentinel was Yu Zhenbin, and the back outpost was Kang Zishi. The sentry has jurisdiction over three platoons, the platoon commander is called the sentry chief, the platoon has jurisdiction over three sheds, and the leader of each shed is the squad leader, and I am the chief of the fifth shed of the second battalion outpost. Sun Liangcheng was the chief of the left post, and Shi Yousan and Cao Fulin were the recruits of the left post.
Lu Jianzhang was the director of Yuan Shikai's law enforcement battalion at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and after the founding of the Republic of China, he was changed to the director of the military and political law enforcement department. Many of the cadres of the whole army were selected from his original guard battalion. The commander of the first battalion is his eldest son Lu Chengwu, Lu Chengwu is a Japanese student and a classmate of Xu Shuzheng. Song Zheyuan was selected from Lu's guard battalion to the first battalion to be the sentry commander.
Feng Yuxiang and Lu Jianzhang are also a little related, Mrs. Feng is Mrs. Lu's niece of the same clan, they are from the Shang family in Yanshan County, Hebei Province, surnamed Liu. Later, Mrs. Feng died, and Feng Cai remarried Li Dequan.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, in the third year of Xuantong, Feng was originally the battalion commander of the third battalion of the 80th standard (regiment) of the 20th town of the army, and the commander (division commander) of the 20th town was Zhang Shaozeng. After the Wuchang Uprising of the Xinhai Revolution, Feng and Shi Congyun, the commander of the first battalion, and Wang Jinming, the commander of the second battalion, conspired to respond. They also persuaded Zhang Shaozeng to invite Zhang to participate. Zhang agreed on the surface, but he was very worried in his heart, and during the conversation, Zhang galloped away on the grounds of trying to ride a new horse, and Feng could not say anything, and the prancing horse chased after him, chasing forty miles before chasing Zhang. At this time, there was a commander of the patrol battalion named Wang Huaiqing, who pretended to agree to participate in the revolution and invited the three battalion commanders to a meeting. Feng was also wanted. Later, when the revolution was successful, Feng Cai defected to Lu Jianzhang, and Lu appointed him as the second battalion of the "Left Road Reserve Army". Because of this relationship, there are many people who come to Mr. Feng from Twenty Towns, such as the Li Mingzhong mentioned earlier, who came more in April and May of the Republic of China, and now I remember Han Fuqu, Gu Liangmin, Gu Liangyou, Zhang Weixi, Xu Xiangyun and others.
Our clothing was very good, yellow uniforms, so people called us yellow coats, and our weapons were more shabby, using two kinds of Mauser rifles and single-barrel Mauser rifles, and there were ninety of these guns at each post, and there were no automatic weapons and no cannons.
At the earliest, we were training in Beiyuan, in the north of Beijing, and in the process of training, the second battalion performed the best, and Lu Jianzhang repeatedly went to Beiyuan to see the single coaches and class coaches of each battalion, and the second battalion was the first to comment. Someone was sent to test the "Soldier's Instructions", and the result was also the first in the second battalion. The battalion headquarters compiled a "Book of the Spirit of Soldiers" and several military songs, such as the battle action song, the shooting military discipline song, the standing guard song, and so on...... It is to compile the various precautions that soldiers should know when performing various duties on the battlefield into songs and teach soldiers to sing them. In this way, it is easier for the brothers with low general knowledge to imprint these things in their minds, and it is much easier for the soldiers to memorize the provisions.
Soon the above came to the proofreading, and I remember that it was led by Mr. Jiang Baili (Fang Zhen), and the result of the proofreading was the first place in the second battalion. Later, Lu Jianzhang personally came to see the battalion coach, as well as the parade and military parade. The second battalion moved neatly and quickly, Lu was very satisfied, and when he commented, he naturally praised the second battalion again.
Our battalion has received so much praise for the company, which greatly arouses envy. Lu Jianzhang served as the chief soldier of Caozhou Town, Shandong, and there were a group of old people who followed him in Caozhou, especially dissatisfied with our second battalion. There was a leader in the fifth battalion, nicknamed Wang Baimao, who initiated an "illiterate club", and many people from the third, fourth, and fifth battalions participated. They thought that the reason why the second battalion was in the limelight was mainly because of some literate people. They organized the "Illiterate Society", which means that they are different from "literacy". Later, Lu Jianzhang found out, and found Wang Baimao and the others and scolded them, saying: "You have set up an 'illiterate club' to exclude literate people, this is not even me." The king was scolded and went back to disband the "Illiterate Society."
Mr. Feng also attaches great importance to sports in military training, and remembers that once the "Left Reserve Army" held a sports meeting in Huangsi, and most of the prizes were won by us, which naturally made other battalions even more resentful.
Later, our 2nd Battalion went to three stores more than 30 miles west of Beijing, and the task was to guard the powder magazine. The training is still unremitting, and every day it is necessary to intensify the practice of various actions Xi fighting in the field and fighting, and even if it is longer than that, it will add an hour of tactics on the map every day. Feng himself also noticed the importance of general knowledge, and specially invited a Mr. Xu Xianpu to teach him geometry, algebra, and arithmetic.
His studies were not good, but he worked hard and paid attention to our Xi, so until later, he often invited people from outside to teach history and mathematics, not only for officers but also for military dependents.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the treatment of soldiers was not very high, but the price was low, so it was very rich, and a private could have more than four taels of silver per month, and even the chief had as much as five or six taels per month. At that time, there was no such thing as "division of food and salary", and food was also provided from the salary. At that time, the price of a bag of foreign noodles was just over a dollar, and one dollar could buy a hundred or dozens of eggs, or seven or eight old hens. Because of the dense population in Hebei Province, the land price is more expensive, but the best fertile land is only forty or fifty taels of silver per mu, and a slightly worse one or twenty taels is enough.
My life in the army was very economical, and I didn't have any hobbies, so I still don't smoke or drink. Most of the brothers in the same camp are also children of peasant families, there are no "camp bastards", the atmosphere is very simple, except for food, I don't need a penny, in less than three months, I have accumulated more than ten oceans. I took the money home and wrote to my mother not to be too tired. When the money was taken away, the joy in my heart was indescribable, and I felt that I was an adult and that I could bear the burden of family life. Later, when I heard that my mother had received this money, she still spun and weaved cloth every day from morning to dusk as before, and saved the money. After that, I continued to bring money home, and my mother began to buy land, which could buy one acre for one acre, and two acres for two acres. Until the fifth year of the Republic of China, the family bought more than a dozen acres of land, hired a long-term worker, and lived in a well-off situation.
The so-called "landlords" among the peasants in China are described by the Communist Party as "extremely vicious" "exploiting classes." Of course, there are also people who are unkind and mean to the rich and start a family, but the vast majority of them are diligent and thrifty, and they have accumulated wealth bit by bit. Some people are still thrifty and thrifty when they have money, so they can maintain a well-off family for several generations. As far as my family is concerned, the poverty at the beginning was due to the inheritance system of our society, which was constantly divided and the property was constantly dispersed, and it was passed on to my grandfather's generation, and there were only five acres of land left, and no one exploited us. And my grandchildren, mother and son, sisters and brothers are frugal, and they have accumulated some land bit by bit, and they have never exploited others. Since the July 7 Anti-Japanese War, my hometown has been occupied by the Communist Party, and the Communist Party has begun a "liquidation struggle" against a cousin who took care of my land. My cousin was innocently forced to hang himself by them, and the person at the head was a junior of another clan, he was lazy and lazy, idle all day long, and squandered all the dozens of acres of land passed down to him by the previous generation. The Communist Party sent him out to say that he was exploited, but he spent all his money himself, so how could he say that he was exploited by others? These are all later words, so I won't mention them for the time being.
Soon after the training of the "Left Road Reserve Army" was completed, they marched into Beijing to take up the duty service, and the original Gongwei Beijing Division in Beijing was the Tang Tianxi Regiment of Lu Yongxiang's Brigade of Cao Kun's Third Division. We live in the Diplomatic Building in the East Side, and every day I have to stand guard at the gate with my brothers. The Diplomatic Building is the center of the government, and many high-ranking officials come and go every day, and they all sit in very elaborate carriages. When I go in and out, I naturally have to shout the command, "Stand upright, salute." Yuan Shikai also often came, he sat in a two-horse carriage, and he had to "clean the street" when he entered and exited. Mr. Sun Yat-sen and Mr. Huang Keqiang, the founding fathers of the country, also visited the Diplomatic Building when they came to Beijing, and when I was still a guard, I saw the demeanor of these two great founding men for the first time.
There was a "face-to-face" on this street, and one day I got off work and jokingly asked him to meet. He looked at me for a long time and said, "Boss, don't look at you standing guard at this gate today, you will also be in and out of this gate in a carriage twenty years from now." "
When he met around here, he might naturally recognize me, and this kind of smooth Jianghu talk was mostly flattering me. I quipped, "Well, one day, I'll treat you." "I didn't believe in "astrology" all my life, so I didn't take it seriously. Until the 25th year of the Republic of China, I served as the chairman of the Chahar Provincial Government and a member of the Jicha Political Affairs Committee. One day, when I was going to a meeting in a car, the guards at the gate shouted the command "Stand upright, salute", and I suddenly remembered this past. Although it was a joke, I also wanted to fulfill my promise and send someone to find him, but unfortunately no one knew where this gentleman was going.
In March and April of the first year of the Republic of China, Jingzhou, Gucheng and other counties automatically came to the army, and Feng Zhi'an (Yangzhi) of the Gucheng was a private at our outpost this time and served in the sentry shed (company headquarters).
In August of the second year of the Republic of China, Lu Jianzhang was ordered to set up the first and second guard regiments. Feng Yuxiang served as the head of the first regiment, and Lu Chengwu served as the commander of the second regiment. In addition to the battalion commander and battalion attachment, most of the cadres of the first regiment were selected by our second battalion (at this time, we called the original second battalion the second battalion), and the battalions, companies, platoons, and squads of the guard regiment were no longer called pipe bands, sentry officers, and sentry commanders, but were all called battalion commanders, company commanders, platoon commanders, and squad leaders.
I was also promoted to the rank of platoon commander in the 1st Regiment, 3rd Battalion, 10th Company, which was my first officer, when I was 18 years old.
[Liu Ruming (1895-1975), Ziliang, a native of Xian County, Hebei, joined the Beiyang Army as a soldier in the left reserve army in 1911. In August 1913, he served as a platoon commander and participated in the suppression of the Bailang Uprising with his troops. In 1914, he was appointed commander of the 16th Mixed Brigade. From 1916 to 1930, he followed Feng Yuxiang to participate in the Zhifeng War, the Beijing Coup, and the Central Plains War. After the Central Plains War, the headquarters was reorganized by Zhang Xueliang, who served as the deputy commander of the 29th Army, and led his troops to participate in the Great Wall War of Resistance in 1933. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he successively served as deputy commander-in-chief of the Seventh Group Army, deputy commander-in-chief and commander-in-chief of the Second Group Army, participated in the Battle of Xuzhou, the Battle of Wuhan, the Battle of Suizao, and the Battle of Zaoyi, and was promoted to the rank of general in 1944. After the surrender of Japan, he surrendered in Xuchang, Henan, and served as the deputy commander of the Fifth Theater. During the War of Liberation, he was attacked by the People's Liberation Army many times, and in October 1949, he was defeated and retreated to Kinmen, and then went to Taiwan. 】
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