Where the hell did you come from?
The exhibition site restores the feast scene of three "bent wood hugging the waist", and also hints that there are three dead people buried in the tomb (Kuai Lehao/photo)
In Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Ten Dynasties, there have been many "legends of ancient tombs", and there are many stories on the university campus alone: Nanjing Agricultural University has discovered the brick chamber tombs of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty; Nanjing Forestry University was once the family tomb of Xu Da, the king of Zhongshan; Nanjing University of Science and Technology has discovered the double-chamber brick coupon-top tomb of the Southern Dynasty; Jiangning Zhengde College has discovered Yang Qing's "iron cable hanging coffin" in the early Ming Dynasty...... Among them, the highest specification is the Eastern Jin Dynasty Emperor's Mausoleum discovered by Nanjing University, but who the owner of the tomb is is full of doubts.
In the autumn and winter of 2023, "The Lost Tomb of the Emperor - Special Exhibition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Tomb in the North Park of Nanjing University" will be held at the Museum of Nanjing University. Walking on the campus of NTU, the grass is green, and the young people who are full of vigor pass by from time to time, in such a place with abundant yang, you will not think that you may be stepping on the ancient mound of "the Jin Dynasty is dressed as an ancient mound".
The cicada pattern, the animal face pattern and the two pieces of the mountain-shaped immortal riding the dragon pattern gold jue prove that the tomb is at the imperial level (Kuai Lehao/Picture)
"To the north of the North Building, there is a path, counting from the west gable to the fourth window, and on the corresponding road, you will find a manhole cover, which is where the tomb of the North Park is found. Zhang Xuefeng, a teacher from the Department of Archaeology of Nanjing University, said. Soon, a stele will be erected at that place, engraved with the words "Nanjing University North Park Eastern Jin Dynasty Tomb Site" and a QR code attached, so that every teacher and student who passes by will be able to understand the most basic information about this tomb.
This ancient tomb was discovered in 1972, Nanjing University is building air raid shelter facilities, when the workers were excavating, found that a five-ton Ming Dynasty stone pillar foundation and some glazed tile fragments were buried underground, and Professor Jiang Zanchu, a famous archaeology expert of the Six Dynasties and founder of the archaeology major of Nanjing University, quickly led teachers and students to carry out rescue excavations - compared with the field excavations of wind and dust, it is rare to be able to teach and Xi on their own campus.
To the surprise of archaeological teachers and students, there is more than one site under the southern land, the construction team first accidentally discovered the tomb of Wang Ren in the fourth year of Zhiping in the Northern Song Dynasty (1067), this person was a subordinate of Wang Anshi, and then found the Ming Dynasty boulder foundation, which may be the relics of the bell tower of the Ming Dynasty.
This two-chamber brick tomb of the Six Dynasties period is composed of the tomb door, the corridor, the main room, the side chamber corridor, the side chamber and other parts, the main chamber and the side chamber, forming a pattern similar to "one room and one hall", because the main part of the tomb is pressed under the north building of the historical building of Nanda, so the excavation work can only be carried out from the side. Two doors are set up in the tomb corridor, the main room adopts a dome roof, and the side room area is larger, which is a common practice in the tombs of the emperors of the Six Dynasties.
Unfortunately, this tomb has been disturbed by tomb robbers in the early years, and a large number of burial goods have been stolen, and no seals, jade books, brick inscriptions and other cultural relics containing exact written materials that can determine the identity of the tomb owner have been found in the tomb. Judging from the grand scale of the tomb and the unearthed artifacts, the archaeological community has a general consensus on the identity of the tomb owner: it is indeed a tomb of the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Although it has experienced theft and excavation, more than 100 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed in the tomb, including Wolong pottery, Crouching Tiger pottery, glasses, gold and silverware, etc., all hint at the noble identity of the tomb owner. In particular, the four pieces of gold unearthed are one with a cicada pattern, one is a square animal face pattern, and the other two are all mountain immortal dragon riding patterns, which are also one of the most dazzling cultural relics in this special exhibition. The golden cicada is "high and clean", and it has the meaning of eternal life, and the Jin people wear it as the crown of the king. The "Emperors of the Past Dynasties" drawn by Yan Liben in the Tang Dynasty is now preserved in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA, among which the crown of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, is painted with a cicada-shaped golden jue.
Lying sheep pottery seat (Kuai Lehao / picture)
It is said that the founding emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Sima Rui dressed in a crown to the south, when he first arrived in Jiankang, he was not treated well by the locals, and after more than a month, no locals came to visit him, so Langya Wang and the royal Sima jointly performed a big play, taking advantage of the third day of March when the people traveled, Sima Rui sat in a magnificent royal sedan chair, full of honor guards, dressed in a dazzling manner, and respectfully followed the children of the Wang family behind the travel procession, and the local people were shocked and frightened by this grand pomp, and hurriedly greeted them on the side of the road. Experts believe that it was these clothes and badges that represented the orthodox culture of China that conquered the scholars in the south. Qian Mu wrote in his "Outline of National History": "The Yangtze River basin officially represents traditional China when the Eastern Jin Dynasty crossed to the south. ”
Zong Baihua believes that the late Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties were the most politically chaotic and socially painful era in China, but it was also the most free, emancipated, wise, and enthusiastic era in spiritual history. Following the Spring and Autumn Period, the Six Dynasties was another era of active thought and the rise of schools, Feng Youlan affirmed the significance of this special point in the history of Chinese philosophy in the New Edition of the History of Chinese Philosophy, and believed that Wei and Jin metaphysics was an unprecedented development of abstract thinking of the Chinese nation.
The essence of metaphysics, we must first clarify life and death, the three "curved wood hugging the waist" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty tomb of the three-legged number, implying that the three bodies that have left the scene, their souls are still feasting underground, and they also have the ability to get out of the dust and be reborn like a golden cicada. This is the Eastern Jin Dynasty's view of life and death, but it still can't be pointed out to us, who are the three people in the tomb?
The Eastern Jin Dynasty had a total of 11 emperors, extending for 103 years, Xu Song of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Jiankang Record": the eleventh emperor of the Jin Dynasty, there are ten tombs, Yuan, Ming, Cheng, and Mourning four tombs are in the yang of Jilong Mountain, and they can't be buried in the grave. Kang, Jianwen, Wu, An, and Gong are in the sun of Zhongshan, and they are not graves. However, the tomb of Xiaozong is in the shogunate mountain, and the grave is also.
According to this record, the Gulou Campus of Nanjing University is near Jilong Mountain (that is, the area of present-day Gulougang in Nanjing), so some people in the archaeological community claim that this tomb may be one of the tombs of the four emperors of Yuan, Ming, Cheng and Wai. According to the blood relationship, the Eastern Jin Dynasty Emperor Mausoleum implemented the system of partition burial, and these four people were buried as the eldest son of "Zhongxing Orthodoxy", and the identity was the most noble. According to the academic understanding, the tomb of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the North Park of Nanjing University is very likely to be the Jianping Mausoleum of the founding emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Jin Yuan, and the burial in the tomb is respectively Sima Rui and Empress Yu of the Jin Yuan Emperor, and the identity of the third person is unknown.
If so, these cicada-crowned Jin Jue in front of him may be the noble props that helped Sima Rui make a brilliant appearance and conquer the southern scholars in one fell swoop. The so-called "people in ceremonial clothes", respect and humility levels, externalize them as utensils, and civilize them. The British historian Fei Zizhi said, "Just like Constantinople, Nanjing was the center of the upper class culture and the last refuge of elegant civilization." "Is it or not?" The room full of artifacts is silent, leaving behind a mystery for the present to see.
Southern People Weekly reporter Kuai Lehao
Editor-in-charge: Yang Jingru