(1) Generalissimo of the Angolan Army
On December 1, the 15th year of the Republic of China, veteran General Zhang Zuolin (Zhang Zuolin, the same below) was appointed as the "Commander-in-Chief of the Angolan Army" in Tianjin, with Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang as deputy commanders and Yang Yuting as the general staff officer. In the spring of the following year, preparations were made to move south to prevent the National Revolutionary Army from advancing northward. On June 16, 16 years, after we retreated from Zhengzhou to the north, General Zhang was promoted by Sun Chuanfang and others to be the "Generalissimo of the Navy and Army of the Republic of China" and formed another military government. On January 25 and February 12 of the 17th year, the veteran general twice convened a cadre meeting in Beijing to discuss the unity of the steps of all armies and the unification of military orders. The number of troops was about 600,000, and Zhang Zongchang, Sun Chuanfang and other poorly trained troops were the largest. At this time, the National Revolutionary Army had also set up separate group armies, and both sides were preparing for a big war.
At the beginning of February, I ordered division commanders Huang Shiyue and He Zhuguo to cross the Zhanghe River and occupy Fengle, and on 5 April the Battle of Zhangde began. At the end of April, Zhang Zongchang and others on the Jinpu line lost Jinan, and we retreated from the Zhangde front. In May, the Jin army attacked in a big way, and our side lost the battle of Fang Shunqiao, and lost Baoding at the end of May, at which time the veteran Zhang was ready to go out.
(2) Zhang Zuolin and Japan
The 21 conditions put forward by the Japanese for Yuan Shikai were mainly part of the special interests of Manchu and Mongolia. Before and after Yuan's death, Zhang Lao will rise in the Northeast, the Japanese think that Zhang Lao, who was born in the green forest, must be easy to deal with, that knows that Zhang Lao really has a hand, small power and small profits can be good to discuss, and the country's lifeline or local security will not let go, and Zhang Lao will reuse Yang Linge (Yang Yuting, the same below), Yang Lingge's political and diplomatic skills are very clever, and he knows the inside affairs of Japan very clearly, and there are many aspects of the Japanese to supply intelligence to him, so he can deal with the Japanese demands. After the September 18 Incident, Japanese soldiers discovered from the archives that Japanese dignitaries and many political parties took money from veteran Zhang. This is the brilliance of Yang Linge and Veteran Zhang, and it is also the reason why there will be no major problems in the Northeast before the two of them die.
After Guo Songling's defection, the Japanese expressed their support for Veteran General Zhang, and restricted Guo Jun, the Japanese did not participate in the war, nor did they send any troops, after the incident, Veteran Zhang personally visited the brigade to thank him, spent his own money, and did not sign any treaties that were unfavorable to the Northeast or the country, which is commendable. (For example, when the Japanese asked for a railway from the Korean border to Jilin, the veteran said, "It's coming to my house.") "Refusal. )
After the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army, flaunting anti-imperialism, the Japanese said to Zhang Zongchang and Veteran Zhang: "Let us fight for you." Neither of them agreed, and neither of them used external forces to maintain their position.
After May of the 17th year, Zhang Zongchang and others could not support the Jinpu line, and Wu Junsheng and others all advised the veteran generals to maintain their strength and withdraw from the Guanwai, and the veteran Zhang was preparing to withdraw from the Guanwai, and this was in conflict with the interests of the Japanese.
The Japanese hoped for civil strife in China and for the weakness of our forces in the Northeast. Veteran Zhang's withdrawal from Guanwai, the strength of the Northeast strengthened, and at the same time, Guannai will be unified by the anti-imperialist Kuomintang, which is unfavorable to Japan, so the Japanese have done everything possible to prevent Veteran Zhang from leaving the Guan. As soon as General Zhang had already made up his mind, he ignored the threat of the Japanese and resolutely withdrew his troops to the area of Luanzhou. On June 3, General Zhang returned to Feng by car and finally died in Huanggutun.
(3) The explosion that shook the Northeast
At 5:30 a.m. on 4 June, the special train in which Zhang Zuolin was traveling was bombed at Huanggutun, at the junction of the Beijing-Fengzhou and South-Manchurian railways. This was an explosion that shook the Northeast, and Veteran Zhang, Wu Junsheng, and Zhao Xinbo were all killed.
Veteran Zhang was born in the green forest, but his appearance is delicate, not as violent as most people imagine, he is not tall, and he does not look like a martial artist. His knowledge is not high, and he doesn't even know which province or where, but he is bold and knows people well, and can make up for his shortcomings. When I first arrived in the Northeast, I worked in the Army Sorting Office, and I often saw him come to the Sorting Office, look at all departments, and find people to chat, because he didn't look at official business, and he had nothing to do every day.
Veteran Zhang trusts Yang Linge the most, and Yang Linge is also loyal to do things for him, and many official affairs are done by Lingge on behalf of him. Regarding the political aspect to contact which people in which province, on the diplomatic aspect how to negotiate with the Japanese, on the financial aspect to spend 100,000 million, on the military aspect of how to set up an arsenal, and how much ordnance to buy, Yang Lingge can make his own decisions, many things have been done Zhang did not know, and later Zhang asked, as long as Yang said: "This matter is what I called." Zhang didn't ask. If something is done wrong, it fails, and someone attacks, even if Zhang doesn't know something, he will say, "I am in charge of this matter." "It's really not easy to trust people to this extent.
In addition to Yang Linge, veteran Zhang also trusts others, and in terms of finance, it is Wang Yongjiang. Wang Yongjiang is coarse and big, he looks like a soldier, but in fact he is a literati in charge of finance, all the money of the veteran and the money of the Finance Department are under his management, and the veteran will take the money from him, and he will not ask about anything else, and the finance of the Northeast is very stable. After Zhang Hanqing began to ask, Wang Yongjiang retired.
There is no certain system for employing veterans, only Jiang Dengxuan, Weng Zhilin, Zang Shiyi, and I were all recommended by Yang Linge; for example, Guo Songling was recommended by Zhang Hanqing; and his old brothers like Zhang Zuoxiang, Zhang Jinghui, and Wu Junsheng have always been given important tasks. For example, when Zhang Zuoxiang's brother wanted to work in the army, Zhang Zuoxiang would talk to the veteran about his brother, and the veteran would ask him what his brother was doing. "In this way, Ma Ben, who was called to be a veteran, was soon sent out as an officer, and the qualifications of being a veteran Ma Ben should be written on the resume, and he was proud of it, which was really funny.
He doesn't need people, he trusts people as soon as he does, and after he puts the army in the hands of others, he doesn't interfere anymore, and you report to him: "How many people have been added to a certain brigade." "Now there's so-and-so. "He approves them all, and never asks much about the salaries of the weapons. He would forgive others for their mistakes, and sometimes when some junior officers were accused of disturbing the people, he would say indignantly: "If you arrest him, I will shoot him! After being caught, as long as the man knelt down and kowtowed, saying that he was wrong, he said, "I am a veteran with a naked heart." Then his heart softened, and he said, "Go! "And that's fine. Tang Yulin was defeated in the first Zhifeng War and fled to Xuzhou, not daring to return to the Northeast, and later he asked, others said that Tang could not find anything to do, and he said: "Recruit him back." When they met, they said, "We will not talk about the past, but you can gather your troops again and set them up at once, and I have the ordnance and the money." "It's like a good friend.
He didn't interfere much during the battle, and he would ask, "Where did you fight?" After listening to the report, he only said: "Fight straight forward!" He is a bold man, but he will take revenge, and if he is defeated, he must take revenge, and it is okay to give it to others after victory. Usually he smokes Kanto cigarettes and plays cards when he has nothing to do, and Zhang Zongchang's Shandong supervision has a lot to do with playing cards. Zhang Zongchang had no territory at first after the Second Zhifeng War, and he did not choose to use people, over-inflated, and the money was not enough, so he accompanied the veteran to play cards every day, lost every day, and asked his subordinates to borrow money for him every day. "Veteran Zhang likes to win and doesn't like to lose, and he is very unhappy when he loses, but it doesn't matter if he wins and then returns it to you. He heard that Zhang Zongchang had no money, so he tried to make him the governor of Shandong. Zhang Zongchang is also very trusting in employing people, and he will pay whatever brigade he says to him, and he will not go to see it, but there is no real name, and even no one will lie to him at all, this may be that Zhang Zongchang will not choose talents, but Zhang veteran is good at choosing talents, and the veteran will rule the Northeast for more than ten years, and after his death, his eldest son can still bear his father's shadow, it is not accidental.
On 4 June, the Japanese violently ended the life of Veteran Zhang, but for the time being, they could not shake the political and military system established by Veteran Zhang in Northeast China. At that time, Wu Junsheng also died, Zhang Hanqing and Yang Lingge were in the Guannei, and the Northeast Army had not yet returned to Fengtian, and the leader was lost, so it was inevitable to fall into a state of unease, and the Japanese were given an opportunity. Fortunately, the alert Zang Shiyi (a graduate of the ninth class of non-commissioned officers) immediately took extraordinary measures, claiming that the veteran was only injured, and that everything was going on as usual and that he would be dealt with in the name of the veteran. "Deceived the Japanese, to the 17th Hanqing secretly returned to Fengtian, on the 19th Fengtian supervised the post, Fengjun has also partially withdrawn from the Guanwai, not afraid of the Japanese provocation, this is the 21st officially announced the death of the veteran, this hand is Zang Shiyi's outstanding performance, the Northeast depends on stability.
Some people say that Yang Linge and Zhang Hanqing are vying for the leader, but this is not true, Lingge is loyal to the veteran father and son, there is no doubt that he is good at power, and it is true that he is good at doing things, so he will not fight with Hanqing. As for the death of Wu Junsheng of the older generation, Zhang Zuoxiang and Zhang Jinghui are very loyal and will not fight with Han Qing. Han Qing has led the army for many years, mastered the military power, and the veteran treats people very well in the world, loves the house and Wu, Zhang Hanqing inherited the veteran and became a recognized leader of the Northeast people.
During this time, I led the 29th Army to Chengde through Luan County. Later, Zhang Hanqing reined in the military and reorganized the army, and all our old army commanders hoped that the Northeast could be sorted out well, and they were all willing to hand over the military power and Hanqing would reorganize it. The commanders of the four divisions of our department, He Zhuguo, Guo Dianju, Huang Shiyue, and Wuhan Qing, were reorganized into two divisions. After changing the banner, he was directly under the Office of the Northeast Frontier Commander, and handed over to He Zhuguo and Huang Shiyue under the command. He Zhuguo has been my subordinate for many years, I am the chief of staff and he is the staff officer, I am the brigade commander and he is the regiment commander, I am the army commander and he is the division commander, it can be said that I am the one who pulled him up.
[Ji Yiqiao (1885-1976), also known as Jinchen, also known as Jincheng. A native of Chengguan Town, Fangxian County. In 1928, Zhang Xueliang changed his banner. Fengjun was reorganized into the Northeast Frontier Army, and he was appointed as a military counselor in the Office of the Commander of the Northeast Frontier Army. In 1931, he was transferred to Beijing and served as chief of staff of the Northern Parallel Battalion, deputy commander-in-chief of the army, navy and air force. In April 1935, the Nationalist Government awarded him the rank of Lieutenant General. 】