In the history of China before the Manchu Qing Dynasty, all the dynasties that changed without exception were bloody rain and wind, swords and swords, and the biggest price was the people.
There is an exception in history, that is, the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, which is excessive in the form of agreements, and peace is excessive, the only time in Chinese history.
One of the people who played a relatively big role in this was called Zhu Fuhuang. Later generations did not know much about this.
The image comes from the Internet
In the winter of 1911, Hu Shi met Ren Hongjun, a newcomer at Cornell University in the United States, who had only stepped down as Sun Yat-sen's secretary a few months earlier to study here.
Hu Shi and Ren Hongjun were former shanghai public school classmates, and in the conversation they talked about another classmate, his name was Zhu Fuhuang.
For Zhu Fuhuang's historical records, it is more that he engaged in the field of Buddhist studies, and the most important aspect of him was submerged, that is, he was born and died for the birth of the Republic of China.
During the conversation between Ren Hongjun and Hu Shi, he showed a copy of Zhu Fuhuang's diary, and after Hu Shi read it, he wrote in his diary that night: "Read Zhu's "Diary of Zhu Huanghuang" at Shuyong's place, know the unification of the north and south, the abdication of the Qing court, the abdication of Sun Zhi, the election of Yuan Zhi, the exemption of hundreds of thousands of beings from charcoal, and its greatest hero is the unsung hero Zhu Fuhuang. ”
Fortunately, Thanks to Hu Shi's diary, Zhu Fuhuang's magnificent exploits were paid attention to by historians, and the excavations were not drowned in dust.
Zhu Fuhuang, formerly known as Zhu Guangde, is a native of Baisha Town, Jiangjin County, Sichuan (now Chongqing).
At the age of 16, he was admitted to Xiucai, graduated from a local normal school, and later entered Shanghai Public School, when he was 21 years old in 1906, and his classmate Hu Shi was 16 years old, the youngest of his classmates.
Most of the students in Shanghai Public School have the experience of studying in Japan, because this part of the students tended to be revolutionary during their study in Japan, and were banned by the Japanese government and returned to Shanghai Public School, and Zhu Fuhuang also had experience in studying in Japan.
Zhu Fuhuang joined the League in 1906, and during his time at shanghai public school, he was a classmate of Ren Hongjun and introduced him to join the League.
Later, due to financial difficulties, the school sent students out to collect donations, and Zhu Fuhuang was one of the most suitable candidates. In the process of fundraising, he met Yuan Keding, the eldest prince of Yuan Shikai.
In 1908, Yuan Shikai was returned to Henan for recuperation due to foot disease, and Yuan Keding secretly befriended celebrities at this time to secretly contact Yuan's old party, and this time he and Zhu Fuhuang became acquainted in a fundraising activity.
Yuan Keding is 5 or 6 years old, and he can meet and make friends with Zhu Fuhuang, which shows that Zhu Fuhuang is still outstanding.
Shanghai Public School lasted less than a year and finally disbanded, Zhu Fuhuang and Ren Hongjun went to Japan to study one after another, Ren Hongjun Sichuanese, and the Sichuan people who went with them also included Yu Peilun and Xiong Kewu. All are members of the League.
The news of the Wuchang Uprising reached Tokyo, and a group of their classmates returned to China one after another to join the revolution.
The Wuchang uprising shook the foundation of the Qing court, and in desperation, Yuan Shikai used Yuan Shikai, who understood that the Qing court was at the end of the crossbow and the people's hearts were republican, so Yuan Shikai stopped the war with the revolutionary party and opened peace talks between the north and the south. This moment provided an opportunity for Zhu Fuhuang's talents.
At this time, Yuan Shikai's military power was in his hands, and his calculation was very clear that the north-south peace talks changed the national system to oppress the Qing court and abdicate, and then elected Yuan as the leader of the new state system. The declaration of an armistice after the capture of Wuchang was to pave the way for peace.
Yuan Shikai successively sent his confidant Liu Cheng'en and english secretary Cai Tinggan to meet with Li Yuanhong and put forward proposals such as constitutional monarchy, but both were rejected by the Revolutionary Party and Li Yuanhong.
At this time, Zhu Fuhuang appeared.
Through Yuan Keding's relationship, he met Yuan Shikai, and he put forward the following point of view: Yuan Shikai first seized the military power of the Qing court, and then expressed his preference for revolution, and the revolutionary party would definitely support Yuan, and then ask Yuan to come forward to take charge. Zhu Fuhuang said that on the part of the revolutionary party, he was responsible for running and dredging.
Yuan was very satisfied after listening, but on the surface he was silent, indicating that he would keep Zhu Fuhuang by his side as a senior staff member. This passage is from Wu Yuzhang's memoirs.
When Zhu Fuhuang first met Yuan Shikai, he also held Yuan Keding's introduction letter, and Yuan Keding naturally agreed with Zhu Fuhuang's point of view before introducing Zhu Fuhuang to meet his father.
In his letter, he said that Zhu Fuhuang, Huang Xing, and Yang Du were all close friends, and this person had come to discuss a secret plan, the so-called secret plan was to force the Qing court to abdicate, and the north and south jointly elected Yuan Shikai to the throne.
For this original text, see Han Bo's book "Yuan Shikai", 2004, 398 pages.
Zhu Fuhuang exchanged letters between Wang Jingwei, Huang Xing, and Li Shizeng, shuttling diplomatically. At this time, Zhu Fuhuang was not only a representative of Wang Jingwei, representing the meaning of the south, but also a close friend of Yuan Keding, a senior aide of Yuan Shikai, who could influence Fengyuan.
Once Zhu Fuhuang went to Wuchang to see Li Yuanhong treated as a Japanese traitor, Zhu Fuhuang showed Wang Jingwei's letter before treating him as a courtesy.
Another time the most dangerous thing was that he was almost killed by Feng Guozhang.
During a tense war, Zhu Fuhuang went to Wuhan alone to meet Feng Guozhang. On the way, he was taken by Feng's sentry for questioning, suspected of being a spy, saw Feng Guozhang show Yuan Shikai's pass, suspected to be false, the telegram asked Yuan Shikai, Yuan Shikai replied that he could be killed, but there was a sentence in the telegram that Ke Ding was not in Beijing at this moment.
Feng's staff saw that there was a hidden affair, and then asked Ke Ding, ke Ding replied that he could not be killed, this person is important to my close friend.
Yuan Shikai's reply was motivated by political considerations, and he did not want others to know that he was making behind-the-scenes transactions and would rather sacrifice a person for political gain.
In fact, when he came to Wuhan this time, he still carried Yuan Keding's passport, Yuan Shikai's secret letter to Huang Xing, and Wang Jingwei's letter to Li Yuanhong.
Feng Guozhang found out the truth and sent an escort to Yuan Shikai in Zhangde, Henan, where Yuan asked where the secret letter written to Huang Xing was, and replied that when he was arrested, he tore the letter and swallowed it, which Yuan greatly appreciated.
Zhu also suggested to Yuan that he had old friends with Wang Jingwei and could ask Wang to contribute to the north-south peace plan, which Yuan Shikai approved.
At this time, various localities declared independence one after another, and Yuan quickened the pace of sending Tang Shaoyi to negotiate with the southern representative Wu Tingfang, and secretly sent his close associate Liao Yuchun to secretly engage with Zhu Fuhuang, with the intention of advancing the negotiation process as soon as possible.
And Zhu Fuhuang is running on both sides, with a lot of hard work, misunderstandings and risks. At this crucial turning point in history, various political forces are fighting wits and courage, undercurrents are surging and Zhu Fuhuang's life is in danger at any time.
At this time, Sun Yat-sen signed the first letter of appointment, which was to appoint Zhu Fuhuang as a secretary of the Presidential Office. Zhu called it the glory of his life.
After several repeated drafts of the Qing court abdication edicts, Yuan Shikai's Beiyang warlords sent a telegram announcing their support for the republic, and in the Qing Emperor's abdication edict, Yuan privately added a few words: "That is, Yuan Shikai will organize a provisional republican government with full authority and consult with the nationalist army on a unified method." ”
After being busy for half a day, he still fell into the trap of Yuan Shikai and made a wedding dress for him.
On February 15, Sun Yat-sen announced his resignation as interim president, and Yuan Shikai was inaugurated as president of the Republic of China in Beijing. It turned out that the two sides negotiated to let Yuan take up his post in Nanjing, but yuan also stirred up the yellow.
Some Republicans, including Zhu Fuhuang, now feel regret and guilt.
President Yuan Shikai did not have a place for Zhu Fuhuang in the cabinet, and many people in the Republican Party previously thought that Zhu Fuhuang would definitely have great benefits if he worked so hard, and now it has been proved that Zhu Fuhuang is not running for material interests.
Zhu Fuhuang eventually gave Him a false post and asked him and Wu Yuzhang to go to Sichuan to mediate the contradictions between the warlords, and only he had this prestige.
Next, when Zhu Fuhuang borrowed back to Sichuan, he took the opportunity to seek a supervisor at the gate, which was a fat shortage, equivalent to the customs chief, and then worked for a period of time to get a large amount of money, bought a house in the capital to buy land, became a tenant, and lived a small life without asking about politics.
This was also an expression of his political disillusionment, and now he understood that Yuan Shikai was only using his relationship with the Revolutionary Party. Wu Yuzhang and Liao Yuchun's evaluation of it is that he was born into the era of peace and died, and things were accomplished without words.
Zhu Fuhuang handled things in a low-key manner, did not do anything to Zhang Huang, at least in the first half of the discussion, there was no intention of taking credit and seeking personal gain. Later, it was normal to make profits, which was a disappointment in the republic.
Zhu Fuhuang entered Sichuan this time, the scene was solemn, the rich returned to his hometown, and he was welcomed by the crowds and seas, and the local warlords still saw the title on his head after all, Yuan Shikai's consolation envoy, the minister of Chincha. Of course, the main thing is his fame.
This time back to Sichuan, I still did not forget to benefit my hometown and did a great thing for Sichuan.
He felt that the success of the revolution had a great bearing on the cultural quality of the people. So he used his resources to lead the establishment of the Work-study Institute in France, when Li Shi was in France, he was also an industrialist, he paid for a part of it, and through Yuan Keding, he obtained the support of Yuan Shikai, who himself donated a thousand oceans.
The students who benefited the most this time were the Sichuan students, and Deng Xiaoping, Nie Rongzhen, Liu Bojian, Chen Yi, and Zhao Shiyan, who later became the founding fathers of the people, were all students who studied in France this time.
This time, Zhu Fuhuang also sent his two brothers-in-law and three younger brothers to France to study, and smuggled goods with him, which was not exempt from vulgarity.
In 1913, Zhu Fuhuang returned to Beijing unwilling to participate in politics, at this time the partisan disputes were serious, at that time some elders and meritorious ministers of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai let them travel abroad to investigate, but also to reduce the meaning of domestic disputes, Zhu Fuhuang was selected by Li Yuanhong and Sun Yat-sen's recommendation.
In 1914, Zhu Fuhuang, who returned from staying in the West, chose to become a monk and enter the Buddhist Gate.
At this time, the north and south split, and the "second revolution" began. He was neutral on the surface, but secretly supported Xiong Kewu and others.
In the following years, he successively served as a customs supervisor in Shandong and Hebei, earning more than a provincial governor or civil affairs director, and then lived like a rich man. Some people say that he does not seek money by seeking official positions.
After the age of 38, he lived a reclusive life, specializing in Buddhist studies, and published two books, the Dictionary of The Fa Xiang and the Narrative of Lao Tzu, both published by the Commercial Press.
Regarding Zhu Fuhuang's historical outline, in retrospect, if there is no diary of Hu Shi, posterity may not know this history at all, and Zhu Fuhuang's contribution to the Xinhai Revolution may have been submerged in the long river of history.
Zhu Fuhuang died in Beijing in 1942 at the age of 58. He was buried next to the Eight Great Places Reiki temple.