This is the 4721st article of Da Yi Xiao Nursing
1. What is influenza A?
Influenza A, the full name of influenza A, is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza A virus (or influenza A virus), which is different from the common cold we usually say, it is more contagious and has a seasonal epidemic. It is more common in winter and spring, and people with poor resistance, such as children, the elderly or "crispy" young and middle-aged people, are generally susceptible.
2. What are the symptoms that raise suspicion of influenza A?
The fever caused by influenza A is generally high, up to 39 °C or even 40 °C, and can have chills, chills, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, loss of appetite and other systemic symptoms, often cough, sore throat, runny nose or nasal congestion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.
Some parents bring their children to the hospital for treatment, and the test shows that the influenza A antigen is negative, but the influenza A cannot be completely ruled out, and the test results are related to the low viral load in the nasopharynx at the beginning of the disease, or the saliva-containing saliva was not collected by the sampler during the test. However, if the high fever persists, there is no significant improvement after taking antipyretics, or there is a history of contact with a person with confirmed influenza A, it is recommended to see a doctor again for retesting.
3. How to use the drug for influenza A?
The first choice is the effective drug oseltamivir, there are now two dosage forms on the market, granules or capsules, children weighing less than 40 kg generally choose granules, easy to take, can be taken with boiling water, and for children weighing more than 40 kg, can swallow capsules can choose the capsule dosage form.
Specific dosage method
Body weight ≤ 15 kg: 30 mg each time;
> 15-23 kg: 45 mg each time;
> 23-40 kg: 60 mg each time;
> 40 kg, 75 mg each time, twice a day for 5 days.
After taking oseltamivir for a day or two, the fever has subsided, do I still need to continue to take it?
It is recommended to take it for 5 days, because the mechanism of action of oseltamivir is to inhibit the release of influenza A virus in the body, and if the drug is stopped immediately after the fever subsides, it may cause the resurgence of influenza A virus.
Do I need to take it after vomiting after taking oseltamivir?
Generally, if vomiting or diarrhea occurs after the first dose, you can choose to take it with food or after meals to reduce gastrointestinal irritation. Whether to make up for it depends on two points:
(1) dosage form;
(2) Time
Capsules: If you spit out the capsule shell, you need to retake it, otherwise you don't need to
Granules: vomit just after eating, need to make up for it
Vomit within 15-30 minutes, make up half of the dose
> 30 minutes, no need to redose
4. Can Sufuda children eat?
In the past two years, the introduction of a new anti-influenza drug in China - mabasalovir (trade name: Sufuda), compared with oseltamivir, Sufuda has also been favored by some parents because of the small number of times (only a single dose) and the number of days (only 1 day). However, depending on the age of the child, it was previously recommended for children over 12 years old, but the latest instructions have been relaxed to 5 years old and above.
It should be noted that the side effects of Sufuda may be greater than that of oseltamivir, and the side effects of liver and kidney toxicity are greater, so it is also recommended that parents fully communicate with the doctor based on the child's physical condition and past medical history, and choose it as appropriate.
5. Does a high fever need to be hung with water to get better?
In the cognition of some parents, especially some elderly people, if the child has a high fever that does not go away, he must need to hang water or take an antipyretic injection to get better, perhaps in their time, doctors did deal with it like this. However, with the progress and development of medical treatment, some concepts should be changed! For children, they can be injected orally without intramusculous injection, can be injected intramuscularly without rehydration, and can be orally solved without injections! Clinically, we have also encountered parents with a very tough attitude, even if they hang water, their body temperature cannot drop, and "one hangs without squeaking". The key is to find the cause of the fever, and the treatment will be effective quickly, and whether you need to hang water should follow the doctor's advice.
6. Why can't I go to school if I have a flu?
Some parents don't understand why they can't go to school if they have influenza A, isn't it just a cold? It is not a common cold, at present, influenza A belongs to the national regulations of class C infectious diseases (according to the management of class B), once diagnosed, you need to cooperate with the doctor to fill in the "People's Republic of China Infectious Disease Reporting Card", you need to register the guardian's name, home address, telephone number and school and other detailed information, and report to the local CDC. So for the sake of your own health and the health of other children, don't go to school for the time being, and rest at home for a few days!
What should I pay attention to during home isolation?
The diet should be light and easy to digest, and sufficient protein, vitamins and other nutrients should be supplemented to promote the recovery of the body. For families with many children or elderly people, wash hands frequently, open windows regularly for ventilation, keep indoor air fresh, and avoid excessive propagation of indoor viruses. In addition, it is not recommended that other family members living with us take oral anti-influenza drugs in advance for prevention, or rely on our own resistance!
7. How long will it take to go to school?
Generally speaking, most children with influenza will be relieved in about 3-7 days, and after no fever or other symptoms, they can go to a hospital or medical institution near their home to have a nasal swab or throat swab for influenza A antigen retested, and then they can return to school and resume their studies normally after showing a negative result.
8. How can I prevent influenza A?
Usually eat a reasonable diet, balanced nutrition, not picky eaters, drink more water, wash hands frequently, pay attention to hygiene, open windows at home to ventilate fresh air, and strengthen physical exercise every day to increase children's ability to resist diseases.
In addition, influenza A is not a lifelong immune disease that cannot be reinfected after infection, and the influenza virus mutates every year and prevalent different subtypes, so arranging for children to be vaccinated against influenza before the flu season is also a better means of prevention.
I hope that the children can survive the peak of the flu season smoothly and grow up healthy and happy!
Author: Lv Jiajia, Department of Pediatrics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, attending physician. Research interests: traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of respiratory and digestive system diseases in children.
Article review and column editor-in-chief: Shen Jian, Director of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Discipline Leader, Chief Physician, Doctor of Medicine, Master Supervisor. The Central Administration of China, the national traditional Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation "millions" of talents. He is the vice president of the Child Development and Behavioral Science Committee of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, the vice president of the Prescription Drug Dosage and Efficacy Research Branch of the Chinese Association of Ethnic Medicine, and the standing committee member of the Pediatric Professional Committee of the Shanghai Association of Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine.
Some of the pictures are taken from the Internet, if there is any infringement, please inform us and delete it.
所有人名和地名均为化名，如有雷同，纯属巧合。