Introduction:
From the Warring States period to the Qin and Han dynasties, there were frequent wars between the Xiongnu and the Central Plains Dynasty, leaving behind many well-known allusions and events. Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall to defend against the invasion of the Xiongnu, Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions to unite with the Great Moon to attack the Xiongnu, and Wang Zhaojun went out of the fortress to marry the Xiongnu and obtain peace. Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, was besieged by the Xiongnu for seven days and seven nights in Baishan Mountain. So where did the Huns, who once dominated the steppe, go now?
Where did the Huns come from?
There are various theories about the origin of the Xiongnu. According to the records of the Historical Records, the Xiongnu were originally a branch of the Chinese nation, and their origins can be traced back to the late Xia period. After Shang Tang destroyed the Xia, Chunwei, the last prince of the Xia Dynasty, led some immigrants to flee to the grasslands in the northwest and settled there. They then intermarried with the local steppe dwellers, and over a long period of time, they multiplied and gradually formed a tribe. They use the wolf as a totem, have great respect for the family dog, are tall and strong, and have an unruly personality, and the Central Plains people call them dog Rong.
In the late Warring States period, a large Danyu named Touman unified the dog Rong and other tribes, and gradually evolved into the Xiongnu.
There is also a theory that since the Shang Dynasty, grassland tribes such as Guifang, Xunyu, Qiangli, and Rongdi have appeared in the north of Chinese civilization. The small country of Ghost Fang was destroyed during the Shang Dynasty, and he was part of the Xiongnu. During King Wu's invasion, the Guanzhong region was occupied by the Qiang until King Xuan of Zhou sent troops to expel them to the north, and these tribes were known to historians as Rong Di at this time. King You of Zhou built the beacon tower among the princes of the Beacon Fire Opera to prevent the invasion of the dogs. It was not until the Warring States period that they were officially called the Xiongnu, and the word Xiongnu means deportation to distant lands. Of course, the Xiongnu were not initially powerful. According to the records of the "Historical Records", Li Mu of Zhao State once fortified the wall and cleared the wilderness, breaking more than 100,000 horsemen of the Xiongnu, and Meng Tian of Qin State made the Xiongnu dare not go south and herd horses, and did not dare to bend the bow and shoot the eagle.
It was not until 209 BC that the Huns killed his father and established themselves, taking the opportunity to fight everywhere, and gradually incorporated the Donghu, Yueshi, Dingling, Wusun and other tribes into their sphere of influence. The population and military strength were greatly increased, not only unified the Mongolian plateau, but also extended its power to the Western Regions, making the Xiongnu the first slave nomadic empire in northern China. After that, the Xiongnu continued to invade southward, posing a great threat to the newly established Han Dynasty.
Why did the Xiongnu disappear?
In 200 BC, Liu Bang personally led an army to conquer the Xiongnu, hoping to solve the Xiongnu threat at one time, but due to the rash advance of the enemy, he was besieged in Baishan Mountain for seven days and seven nights, and finally broke through through bribery and peace. After that, the Han Dynasty had to stabilize the Xiongnu by giving away money and goods in harmony.
Until the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wei Qing became the right-hand man of the empire, winning seven battles and seven victories, which completely reversed the situation between Han and Hungary. Huo Qubing was brave and invincible, swept through Mobei, and made the Xiongnu collapse, and never recovered to his peak state. However, after being defeated by Emperor Wu of Han, the Xiongnu did not disappear, and they remained strong.
In 71 BC, Emperor Xuan of Han and the Wusun army defeated the Xiongnu, after which the Xiongnu were attacked by other nomadic peoples such as Wusun, Ding Ling, and Wuhuan, and the internal division was divided into two parts, north and south. The Southern Xiongnu surrendered to the Western Han Dynasty, while the Northern Xiongnu retreated to Central Asia.
In 36 B.C., in order to eliminate the threat of the Northern Xiongnu, the Western Regions Protector Gan Yanshou and the school captain Chen Tang led an expedition of 300,000 troops to make Zhizhidanyu, and finally beheaded Zhizhidanyu. When Chen Tang presented the payment order to Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty, he solemnly declared: "Those who commit crimes against the strong Han will be punished even if they are far away." This battle brought peace and prosperity to the next thirty years.
In 89 AD, as soon as Emperor Liu Zhaogang of Han succeeded to the throne, he launched a three-year war of annihilation against the Northern Xiongnu, forcing them to flee all the way west, eventually to Kangju (present-day southeastern Kazakhstan). Since then, there has been no record of the Northern Xiongnu in the history books.
Where did the Huns go
Entering the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao led the Wei army to unify the north and split the Southern Xiongnu into five tribes. During the rebellion of the eight kings of the Jin Dynasty, Liu Yuan, the son of Liu Bao, was elected as the great Dan Yu, he called himself the great nephew of the Han Dynasty, and established his own country under the banner of recovering the Han Dynasty, and named the country as Han, known as Han Zhao in history.
After Liu Yuan's death, his second son Liu Cong killed his brother and seized the throne, and began to expand his power, capturing Luoyang and Chang'an, and destroying the Western Jin Dynasty. After Liu Cong's death, the throne of Han and Zhao was divided again, and Liu Yuan's nephew Liu Yao ascended the throne, and the country name was changed to Zhao, called Former Zhao. At the same time, Liu Yuan's general Shi Le also established himself as king, and the country name was also Zhao, forming Later Zhao. The two states of Zhao were opposed to each other, and there were frequent conflicts, and in the end Shi Le won, and the former Zhao was destroyed. Shile then purged the Xiongnu of power, slaughtering tens of thousands of people in the process, and successively relocated the remaining Xiongnu people to the Hebei region. In this long time, the Huns embraced the great integration of nationalities in the light, and since then the curtain has come to a perfect end.
It is rumored that the main forces of the Northern Xiongnu fled to the Ili River valley, east of the Central Yadon River, and the Volga River, and eventually entered Europe. After the Northern Xiongnu conquered the west, they were at war with the Roman Empire frequently, and even became the overlord for a while, which made the Roman Empire deeply feared. Although the traces of history have been obscured, some scholars believe that the physiognomy of Hungarians is markedly different from that of the rest of Europe. Hungarian folk songs are very similar to those of northern Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia in tune, and the Hungarian Xi of cutting paper and blowing the naw are also the same as the culture of northern Shaanxi. Therefore, it is possible that the Hungarians were descendants of the Huns.
Hungarian beauty