The Four Emblem Classes, the four opera classes in the Beijing opera scene during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in China. That is, Sanqing class, Four Xi class, hechun class, Chuntai class. Because most of them are anhui artists, they are called Huiban. Huiban mainly sings the "Erhuang" vocal cavity, and also sings Kunqu opera, Zizi and so on.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Qingyang, Anhui, huizhou sound cavity has become popular. In the fifty-fifth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1790), the eighty-year "longevity" of Qianlong, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, WuLana, recommended the Sanqing class with the famous Danjiao Gaolang Pavilion as the pillar to enter Beijing, and won the reputation of "Kyoto First". After that, There were Anhui opera classes such as Sixi, Qixiu, Nicui, Hechun, and Chuntai successively entered Beijing. During the performance, the six drama classes were gradually merged into the four emblem classes.
Hui opera was originally named Hui Tone and Erhuang Tone, which originated in the Ming Dynasty. There are 1404 traditional plays of Hui opera and 753 preserved archives. Its content ranges from the strife of nations, palace events, gods and ghosts to folk life stories. "Double Down the Mountain", "Noble Concubine Drunk", "Borrowing Boots", "Trial Wu Basin" are all his traditional repertoire. It is mainly divided into nine categories: Qingyang Cavity, Siping Cavity, Huikun, Blowing Cavity, Dial, Erhuang, Xipi, and Flower Cavity Minor. Blowing cavities, plucks and leather springs are the main vocal cavities. The blowing cavity is gentle and euphemistic, the plucks are high-pitched and exciting, the leather spring is more popular and smooth, and the performance art of hui opera is colorful and exquisite. Literary opera is characterized by singing and dancing, euphemism and delicacy, and martial arts drama shocks the audience with its roughness, heat, kung fu proficiency, and proficiency in high-stage falls. Life drama attracts the audience with its rich local atmosphere and humor, humor and language. The stage picture is colorful and colorful, with the beauty of sculpture. On May 20, 2006, Hui opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Hui opera is the predecessor of Peking Opera. From the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790), the four hui classes successively entered Beijing, they cooperated with Han tune artists from Hubei, and at the same time accepted some repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu opera and Qin cavity, folk tunes, through continuous exchange and integration, and finally formed Peking Opera. In 2010, Peking Opera was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Sanqing class was originally founded in Yangzhou, by Jiang Chun, Xia Wenhuan, Yu Laosi and other brokers, formerly known as three Anqing opera classes, Qianlong 55 years (1790), under the recommendation of the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang WuLana to celebrate the 80th birthday of the Qianlong Emperor. Due to its popularity of singing voice based on Erhuang, he stayed in Beijing to perform. After that, the major emblem classes gradually entered Beijing. In the mid-19th century, under the leadership of Cheng Changgeng, the Sanqing class entered its heyday and became the leader of the four major emblem classes. Its "Xiao Rong Chun Class" is the earliest class in the history of Peking Opera, which has trained famous people including Chen Delin, Qian Jinfu, Zhang Qilin, Lu Shengkui, etc., and contributed a lot to the transformation of Huiban into Peking Opera. In particular, Lu Shengkui (Lu Taizi), the most well-known specialty is choreography. Sanqingban's stage play "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is from his handwriting, and there are 36 books in this play. Yang Yuelou, Tan Xinpei, Wang Guifen and other famous actors in the late Qing Dynasty were also from Sanqing.
Sixi is known for its Kun cavity, which was formed in Anhui in the middle of the Qianlong period and active in Yangzhou, Suzhou and other places before entering Beijing. Zhang Erkui, Wang Jiuling, Liu Chaisan, Yang Mingyu, Shen Baozhu, Mei Qiaoling, Shi Xiaofu, Yu Ziyun, Sun Juxian, Mu Fengshan, etc. all belong to this class. In the middle of Guangxu, Gengzi was disbanded. Later, some people reorganized the Four Joys Class, and soon after the second year of Xuan reunification, the class was dissolved. Among them, Mei Qiaoling is Mei Lanfang's grandfather.
He Chunban pioneered Peking Opera martial arts and performed many scripts. The four classes were the latest to be established, and the dissolution was the earliest. At the time of dissolution, Peking Opera had not yet fully taken shape and was still being conceived. Prince Zhuang's palace was injected with capital at that time, so hechun class was also called Wangfu Daban.
Chuntai class, known for its children's plays. At that time, there were many drama classes called Chuntai, so it was not very easy to verify. However, most people think that the Chuntai class in the four major emblem classes was created by Yangzhou salt merchant Jiang Chun. Known as "the axis of Sanqing, the song of Sixi, the handle of Spring, and the child of Chuntai", Yu Sansheng, one of the founders of Peking Opera, was once the head of the Chuntai class.