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- Source/Scholar of Literature and History
- Author/scholar of literature and history
Speaking of poets in the Tang Dynasty, many people can name more than 20 people in one breath, and the more famous, or familiar ones, must be Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Wang Wei, Du Fu and others.
The reason why they are more familiar with them is that many of their poems are written in the textbooks of primary and secondary school students, and primary and secondary school students may not know much about their personal experiences, but when it comes to the poems they wrote, it can be said that they are very familiar.
When it comes to Du Fu's poems, many of his seven-character quatrains are more famous, including "Two yellow orioles singing green willows, a line of egrets in the blue sky", which many primary school students can recite, and this is a poem they must be able to memorize.
I believe that some students who are good at using their brains will have this question, that is, why "two orioles"? instead of "two orioles"? After all, orioles belong to birds, and it is more accurate to use "only" in theory.
So why did Du Fu choose "individual"? Could it be that he accidentally made a mistake, so it has been handed down to future generations? This should be analyzed from the background and situation in which he wrote this quatrain.
The background of the creation of "Two Yellow Birds".
When Du Fu is mentioned, many people will naturally have in their minds the image of a bitter and bitter poet, but why is this? Although Du Fu was also a poet of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty he faced was a period full of devastation.
Du Fu himself experienced the Anshi Rebellion and was once captured by the rebels, but he was a petty officer who was not in the stream at the time, and it didn't make the slightest sense for the rebels to catch him, so when Du Fu tried to escape, there was no pursuer to capture him.
The reason why Tang Suzong Li Heng named Du Fu as a legacy is because after Du Fu escaped, he resolutely decided to defect to him, although Tang Suzong did not have any impression of Du Fu, a former petty official, but in such a situation, he was still moved by Du Fu, so he promoted Du Fu and named him Zuo Shizhi.
It can be said that Du Fu is a poet who worries about the country and the people, even if he is not the central figure in the Anshi Rebellion, he always pays attention to the development of the situation, and when he sees the people displaced and homeless, even if his situation is not much better, he still has the greatest sympathy for the people.
So when the Anshi Rebellion broke out, he was obviously far away from Chang'an at that time, but when he heard this news, he was also in an extremely bad mood, and he was even more worried about the people in Chang'an, and hoped that this disaster would pass as soon as possible. As a citizen of Datang, he never thought that he would be able to stay out.
Therefore, when the rebel army began to be organized in various places, Du Fu chose to join it without hesitation, hoping to quell the war as soon as possible. This led to his capture by the rebels and his detention for several months.
The quatrain of "Two Yellow Birds" as the beginning was not created during that period, but was just after Du Fu had just finished a long period of drifting and returned to the thatched cottage in Chengdu, Sichuan.
There is elegance in the vulgar, and the neatness is in the battle
Even if this quatrain does not have any louder name, the word "quatrain" alone is enough to make this poem pass on to future generations, and it is catchy for one reason, and the main thing is that there is elegance in the vulgar and neat battle.
The poem is embedded with numerals, quantifiers, and adjectives with colors, and for the poets, they create poems that pay more attention to the rhythm of battle and peace.
"Only" and "line" are opposite, far inferior to "one" and "line", in addition, from the artistic conception of the poem, Du Fuxing wants to express that it is full of vitality, spring represents hope, with hope, life will get better and better.
In order to express his feelings, Du Fu chose to use "individual" and "two orioles" in his choice of words, and did not simply treat the oriole bird as a bird, but used anthropomorphic techniques.
The Qing Dynasty poetess He Shuangqing's poems also use "one", "When you listen to it, you are sad, when you look at it, you are afraid of the distance, there is one lonely Hong, who is going", and when describing the number of lonely Hong, she also chooses to use "one" instead of "only".
Of course, there are many ancient poets, such as Cen Shen's "Drunk sitting in front of the red candle with a hidden hook, I don't know where the hook is." Another example is Dongfang Qiu's "I don't know the trees in the garden, if it is a real plum." And so on, it can be seen that the word "individual" used in the poem has a lot of quotations.
Therefore, in all aspects, Du Fu's use of "two yellow orioles" is not "two yellow orioles", it is not casual, it is deliberate. Even people with different poems, when reciting this quatrain repeatedly, will also feel that "two yellow orioles" is better.
The difference between Du Fu and Bai Juyi's writing style
This quatrain is relatively rare, created when Du Fu was in a happy mood, you must know that most of the time, his poems reflect the cruel social reality, which makes people feel depressed after reading it, and feel extremely sympathetic to the social environment in which the people lived at that time.
The poet Bai Juyi, who was the same period as Du Fu, although he was in the Tang Dynasty, but the Tang Dynasty was also divided into the Tang Dynasty and the Late Tang Dynasty, and the life of the people in the Tang Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty in the late Tang Dynasty, especially the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion, these two stages are completely incompatible.
Bai Juyi and Du Fu live in different environments, and the mood expressed in the poems is also different, most of his poems are easy to understand, some are even full of interest, of course, there are also poems that tell about the hot and cold world, the cold and warm of the world.
The reason why the two poets are compared together is because this quatrain is really rare, Bai Juyi's poems have a warm atmosphere and a cheerful mood, while Du Fu is the opposite.
After reading a large number of Du Fu's poems, you will find that in addition to this "Quatrain", there is also the poem "Wen Officers and Soldiers Collect Henan and Hebei", which can be seen that Du Fu was very happy at that time. He was extremely happy to write such a poem.
To a certain extent, his choice of "two yellow orioles" is also expressing his mood of seeing the arrival of spring and wanting to cheer, so it is obviously inappropriate for him to use the measure word "one".
Even though Du Fu has long been an ancient poem, and this "Quatrain" has been circulated for thousands of years, a good poem is a good poem, and it still makes sense to put it into the textbooks of primary and secondary school students.
epilogue
Du Fu wrote many catchy poems in his life, and different poems express different feelings, but every word in the poems is made after careful consideration.
Therefore, when Chinese teachers tell students about the original intention of the creation of "Two Yellow Birds", they often explain the life of Du Fu, a poet, hoping that students can understand that the meaning of "one" used in ancient times is still different from the meaning of "one" today.
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