When many international events are held, the host will report the participating countries, many countries and regions have the word "stan" after the name, and there are a total of 7 sovereign countries in the world, 5 of which are located in Central Asia.
People who are not familiar with foreign history are easily confused, so why do Central Asian countries have the suffix "Stan" after their names, what will China call "Stan", and what kind of history did these "Stan" countries have?
The word "stan" is actually a transliteration of the Old Persian language, which means region, region.
Although the international lingua franca is now English, this is also to facilitate political and economic exchanges between countries, in fact, each country has its own independent language system, with unique pronunciation and writing.
Cultural invasion and diffusion
Most of the current "stan" countries are distributed in Central Asia, including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, also known as the five Central Asian countries, which are roughly located at the junction of the Eurasian plate in the interior of Asia, and have been the center of war economy since ancient times.
Around 2000 B.C., the ancient Persian civilization spread rapidly as a rising star, and the people living in Central Asia and the Iranian plateau, such as the Sogdians, Usun and other Indo-European peoples, spoke Old Persian.
The final names of the five Central Asian countries all have the suffix "Stan", and the origin of the word begins with the creation of the word.
The ancient Persian country is believed to be familiar to everyone, mainly the Iranian people living in the Iranian plateau, which is also the current Iranian state.
As a powerful empire that once spanned Asia, Europe and Africa, in order to manage such a large country, not only has an iron-blooded army, but also cultural domination is also a very important point, so many words in Central Asian countries are now inextricably linked to Persian.
The language of Persia is based on Arabic with four new alphabets added to form Persian.
In the 10th century, related literature and poetry entered a prosperous period, and many famous poets such as Rudaki and Frdousi emerged, and the number of ethnic groups using Persian increased rapidly, and its influence spread to Central Asia, East Asia, India and other regions.
Later, with the disintegration of the Persian Empire, the dispersion and combination of various countries, the progress of war invasion and national integration, the Central Asian countries divided into many pronunciations and scripts.
Therefore, the five Central Asian countries now seem to be one, but in fact, the pronunciation of the language they use is not the same as the way of writing.
For example, Kyrgyzstan is similar to Kazakh, the language of Uzbekistan is similar to that of the Uyghur people, but the pronunciation is different, and Tajikistani is very similar to Persian.
But in fact, their original language master was Persian, so the word "stan" continued to be used.
Five "stan" countries in Central Asia
In 550 BC, the Persian Empire was established, and until 513 BC, the Persian territory reached its peak, spanning the three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe, and became the hegemon, until the third century BC, when the Persian Empire fell.
During this period, the mainland was in the spring and autumn period of the Eastern Weekend Festival.
With the simultaneous rise of Chinese civilization and ancient Roman civilization, the mainland began to establish diplomatic relations, Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the opening of the Silk Road made Central Asian countries the center of economic and cultural exchanges between Central European countries.
The Xiongnu people living on the Mongolian plateau also ruled Central Asia during this period, so the Central Asian countries also have Xiongnu blood.
After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the Silk Road was shut down for a time, and the steppes rose again Turkic peoples, who were brave and good at war, and soon expanded into Central Asia, many of whom were of Turkic descent.
Until the Tang Dynasty, the imperial court continued to attack the Turks, the Turkic royal courts perished, moved westward, and the Silk Road was restored one after another.
After the fusion of the Central Asians and the Turkic people in this period, after several population migrations, it has been very complex, belonging to the yellow and white mestizo race, and establishing cities in the oases of abundant water and grass in Central Asia, although the ethnic complex, but the shadow of ancient Persia in the language has not disappeared, such as the use of the word "-stan" has been preserved.
There was also a part of pure ancient Persian descendants who migrated to the Fergan Basin in order not to be assimilated, and became the later Tajiks.
It is also the only Central Asian country that does not have Turkic ancestry.
According to the records of the mainland wilderness, some of the ancestors of the current Kyrgyz people were some Han Chinese who did not withdraw to China.
The Arab countries believed in Islam and met with the Chinese Tang Dynasty army in Central Asia at the time of territorial expansion, and although the mainland was defeated, it also succeeded in preventing the eastward advance of the war, and the Arab countries turned to spread Islam to the Turks.
In the 9th century, the Arab Empire helped the Turks rule all parts of Central Asia, and the Qarakhanid state, founded by the Turks, introduced Islam to the whole of Central Asia, and eventually even the Tajiks accepted Islam.
This is also the reason why Central Asia was later called an Islamic state.
The period when the countries in Central Asia formed their own ethnic groups and regions was after the Mongol rule, due to the limited population of the Mongols, they were unable to rule the vast territory, and were divided into four khanates centered on the central royal court, namely the Golden Horde, the Chagatai Khanate, the Ögedai Khanate, and the Ilkhanate.
Central Asia is right on the dividing line, and after more than two hundred years of integration, the local Mongols have been assimilated.
In 1428 the Golden Horde was renamed the Uzbek Khanate. It included a part of the Kazakhs, who later established the Kazakh state.
The ancestors of Turkmenistan, the Gusi people, lived near the Karakum Desert in Persia and the Caspian Sea.
Until the 17th century, the main body of the various ethnic groups in Central Asia was basically formed, and the countries and nationalities that ruled here can find their blood roots here, the Tajiks have the direct blood of the ancient Persians, most of the Turkic people evolved into Turkmen, and the other part of the Turkic people mixed with the Mongols to form the Uzbeks and the Kazakhs, so many people now can't tell the difference between the Uzbeks and the Kazakhs, because they all have the same blood. The Kyrgyz also have some Han Chinese ancestry.
With the Renaissance and the scientific and technological revolution, the world pattern changed, Central Asia was ruled by Russia, and then returned to the Soviet Union.
What is China called Stan
Just as we refer to countries outside the continent as foreign countries, other countries will also have some aliases when calling us.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations on the mainland, there is a small country called Armenia, which calls the continent "Cenastan" in their language, and with the change of language system, it has evolved into "Cinastan", which translates as "Qinastan".
The reason why each country has its own language and culture is inseparable from the region, in ancient times, the transportation was inconvenient, each region had its own language, and slowly it also had its own unique script, with the war and economic trade, these gaps are being narrowed and assimilated.
Just like when we travel to Thailand, the vendors speak Mandarin, which is inseparable from our national rejuvenation and national strength.
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